• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2019

This study developed diagnostic system to understand the level of welfare cultural service and infrastructure in rural areas. The applicability was reviewed through the Delphi survey and the sample survey of 60 villages. The diagnostic indicators consist of three areas: the demand area, supply area, and delivery area. The demand area consists of 8 indicators, 25 indicators for welfare services and infrastructure (healthcare, social welfare) and 32 indicators for cultural services and infrastructure (culture, education, leisure sports). The service delivery area was divided into service supply area access and traffic accessibility (public transport use status and rural transport model status) by each indicator. A diagnostic system was applied to 60 villages. Services and infrastructure for rural welfare and culture were supplied more in the Si area than Gun area. The delivery area was easier to access the Gun area than Si area. In the case of traffic access, public transportation was more frequently used in the Si area than Gun area, and the rural transportation model was found to have a relatively large amount in the Gun area compared to Si area. The diagnosis system about services and infrastructure for rural welfare and culture will provide information necessary for establishment and decision making of regional development policy taking into account characteristics of rural areas in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data to Si and Gun preparing for rural agreements in the future through consideration and case analysis for rural conventions, such things as living standards, hierarchical analysis methods, and general rural development projects. In the 1970s, sporadic and one-off projects focused on individual projects were repeatedly carried out in rural areas, which were undergoing dramatic changes in population movement, land use, landscape, economic growth and living. The keyword of the government's policy has changed to a way that existing rural development projects are planned and promoted by local governments themselves in conjunction with the issue of autonomy and decentralization. In addition, with the introduction of Rural Convention, the central and local governments are striving to achieve common policy goals. However, due to the lack of understanding of the Rural Convention introduced as a pilot project in 2020, the lack of living areas setting-standards, unclear classification of hierarchical structure, and excessive goal consciousness for general agricultural and fishing village development projects remain, fading the original purpose of the Rural Convention. Therefore, this study analyzed the seven reports of the Gyeongsang region selected in the 2021 Rural Convention to identify the characteristics of living area, hierarchical structure analysis, and detailed projects (rural center revitalization project, basic living base development project) and provided them as basic data. As a result of the study, first, according to the results of the hierarchical structure analysis, the first class was derived from 6 out of 7 Si and Gun. This is judged to be the result of the current rural population, social, and economic problems. Second, according to the results of the division of living areas, it was confirmed that except for one local government in seven cities and counties, the remaining six local governments were divided into three single living areas and three two living areas. This is the result obtained through a comprehensive review by overlapping the results of various analyses such as hierarchical analysis and resident surveys and OD data, and shows a different form from the existing upper or related plans. It is judged that this is the result of including qualitative contents such as residents' opinions along with various analyses when determining the living area. Third, the proportion of the budget for rural center revitalization and basic living base development projects to the total project cost subject to the Rural Convention was 59.6%, which was relatively higher than that of other general agricultural and fishing village development projects. It is judged that it is preferred because the unit project cost is relatively high in Si and Gun, and that quantitative results can be visually shown after the project is terminated.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.712-719
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• 2018

This study was carried out to obtain basic data on Korean traditional Meju collected from 18 regions (TM1~TM18) in Korea and to define and control quality. The shape of Meju was mostly rectangular and the weight was 0.84~2.04 kg. The physicochemical analysis showed: pH, 5.31~8.21; total acidity, 0.91~2.74%; moisture content, 4.79~42.16%; and soluble protein content, 41.37~23.48%. Hunter color values for L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) ranged from 39.07~67.92, 3.57~8.87, and 7.48~20.67, respectively. The amino nitrogen contents of all samples were in the range of 257.29 to 839.58 mg% and TM13 showed the highest content (839.58 mg%). Total viable cells, yeast and mold counts of Meju were 8.43~5.91 log CFU/g, 2.48~5.19 log CFU/g, and 3.42~7.48 log CFU/g, respectively. Based on the results, it is proposed that quality standards and management of Meju fermentation conditions and information about different varieties of soybeans used should be made available.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.547-560
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• 2022

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract on the growth performance and physiological properties of broiler chicks. Two diet energy levels (Positive and Negative) and four additives (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1% peanut shell extract and commercial antioxidant) were factorially arranged for eight treatments. The overall weight gain of the broilers was slightly improved at 0.05% for the antioxidant treatments regardless of the diet energy levels, but there was no statistical difference among the treatments (p > 0.05). The carcass characteristics of the broilers, such as cooking loss, crude protein content, antioxidant activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, were improved by the feeding diets containing the 0.05% peanut shell extract. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract did not have a negative effect on the immune responses of the broilers show by the lack of statistical differences in the liver and bursa Fabricious weight and cytokine level among the treatments. From the economic analysis, dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract significantly influenced the compensatory growth and food efficiency and, in turn, led to a decrease in the duration needed to reach 1.5 kg compared to the control. These results suggest the possibility that the peanut shell extract could be used as a functional feed additive by improving the growth performance and carcass characteristics with no detrimental effects on broilers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.330-330
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• 2022

In recent studies, cold plasma has been used to induce exudation of polyphenols and flavonoids from food materials, leading to enhancement of functional properties. And it is known that polyphenols interact with inflammation related metabolism. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of cold plasma treatments on the increase of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and anti-inflammatory activities of 'Sinpalkwang' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hull. Plasma treatments were carried out using a dielectric barrier discharge gas exchange system at different radicals and temperatures (O₃-25℃, O₃-150℃, NO_x-150℃). Significant differences in TPC, TFC, and inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages were observed between treated and non-treated peanut hull samples (p < 0.001). Cold plasma treated samples showed higher content (TPC: 2.87-2.93 mg/g sample, TFC: 0.96-0.98 mg/g sample) than non-treated sample (TPC: 2.47 mg/g sample, TFC: 0.78 mg/g sample). Cold plasma treated samples showed lower content of NO (3.3-5.0 uM) and TNF-α (141.4-162.2 ng/mL) than non-treated sample (NO: 11.1 uM, TNF-α: 210.2 ng/mL). This study suggests that cold plasma has potential to improve functionalities of food materials and that cold plasma treated peanut hull can be used as immune enhancing materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2017

In this study, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of rice cooked using different methods with different amounts of germinated brown rice (10, 20, 30, and 50%) were compared. Germinated brown rice was cooked using general and high-pressure cooking methods with and without fermented alcohol. Pasting characteristics decreased, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased with increasing amounts of germinated brown rice. Moreover, germinated brown rice cooked by general cooking method with fermented alcohol showed higher antioxidant activity than that showed by rice cooked by other cooking methods. The results obtained in this study are expected to serve as basic data for manufacturing of processed products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2017

The origin of wild corn (teosinte) is distributed in the Northwest coastal pacific area of Central America, including Mexico, which is a wetland area of 5 to 6 months per year. Depending on these climate characteristics, wild corn is genetically resistant to flooding condition. In order to evaluate the availability of flooding resistant genes of these wild corns, we examined the physiological responses after the flooding treatment in the early stages of the growth of various wild corns. The difference of chlorophyll content between flooding untreatment and flooding treatments (untreated chlorophyll content - humidified chlorophyll content) was the highest in chlorophyll content in the case of B73, the common corn. In the middle leaf, $\underline{Zea}$ mays subsp. Parviglumis, Zea mays subsp. Mexicana, Zea mays subsp., Zea perennis decreased significantly. In the lower leaves, Zea mays sub and Zea nicaraguensis showed the lowest content compared to B73. PCR analysis was performed using 34 primers divided into two groups, top and bottom. In the wild corn, pyruvate decarboxylase 2 in root and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in shoot showed the difference in the reaction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Mixed cropping of legume and grass was effective system in view point of providing organic matter and nitrogen or reducing the nitrogen starvation of following crop. The relation of the change of N and P constituents depending on the cropping types and those effects on the growth and nutrient uptake of the following crop were observed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three cropping types, hairy vetch mono cropping, barley mono cropping, and mixed cropping of hairy vetch and barley were applied. Soil properties, growth characteristics, and nitrogen production of green manure crops were observed. In additions, the effect of cropping types on the growth pattern of corn as the following crop was observed. In the mixed cropping system, creeping type hairy vetch climbed to the erect type barely for light utilization resulting in improvement of light interception rate and higher LAI (Leaf Area Index) than in mono cropping. Mixed cropping showed higher biomass production and soil nitrogen availability among the cropping types, indicating relatively much more nutrient supply and higher yield production of following crop. CONCLUSION: Mixed cropping showed relatively higher LAI (dry matter) mainly because of intense competition for light utilization usually after flowering stage. Mixed cropping also showed relatively higher yield of corn, the following crop rather than other types, mainly due to the more biomass production potential and higher N and P production ability. Therefore, mixed cropping was adaptable method to reduce or replace chemical fertilizer application for environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2017

Rice is a staple food for nearly half of the world's population, with more than 10,000 rice varieties providing almost one-quarter of the global per capita dietary energy supply. Grain size, panicle size and branch number, grain number in a panicle are directly associated with rice productivity. Recently several genes which increase grain yield were identified through map-based cloning. Gn1a, Cytokinin oxidase, is a major grain number QTL and regulates grain number per panicle. Dep1 increases panicle branching and reduced rachis length. SCM2 (APO1) was identified by a QTL for culm strength and increased spikelet number. OsSPL16 (GW8) controls grain size and shape and then increases 1000-weight of seed. In here, to identify genotype of genes related to yield in 400 of rice germplasms possessed in National Institute of Crop Science, we had first chosen 4 of well-known genes related to yield; Gn1a, Dep1, SCM2, and OsSPL16. Among these germplasms, 195, 382, 165, and 353 of germplasms harbored the dominant type of Gn1a, Dep1, SCM2, and OsSPL16, respectively. We grouped these germplasms into a total of 10 groups using genotypes of Gn1a, Dep1, SCM2 and OsSPL16. Most rice germplasms belong to group 1, harbored Gn1a, dep1, gw8 and APO1, and group 10, harbored gn1a, Dep1, GW8 and apo1. Hanareum2 is the highest productive cultivar in Korea but do not have dominant type OsSPL16, so belong to group 1. On the other hand, in the case of Unkwang, belongs to group 10, which has dominant type of OsSPL16 but do not have the remaining genes. We can grasp the differences in rice germplasms through the Profiling of genes related to these grain yield, which will be useful for cross-breeding to integrate grain yield genes. We are continuously observing the genotype and phenotype of rice that possesses grain yield genes.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.404-412
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• 2018

The influenza neuraminidase (NA, E.C. 3.2.1.18), an antiviral, has been the target of high pharmaceutical companies due to its essential role in viral replication cycle. Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for various diseases, such as cold due to wind-cold, headache and cough. In this context, four major polyphenolic compounds including rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside (1), rosmarinic acid (2), luteolin (3), and apigenin (4) isolated from P. frutescens were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on recombinant virus H1N1 neuraminidase (rvH1N1 NA). Among the test compounds, rosmarinic acid and luteolin inhibited the rvH1N1 NA with an $IC_{50}$ of 46.7 and $8.4{\mu}M$, respectively. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by the Dixon plots indicated that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were noncompetitive inhibitors and that the inhibition constant, $K_I$, was established as 43.9 and $14.3{\mu}M$, respectively. In addition, 578 genetically diverse accessions and 39 cultivars of P. frutescens were analyzed using HPLC to characterize the diversity of polyphenolic composition and concentration. The individual and total compositions exhibited significant difference (P < 0.05), especially rosmarinic acid which was detected as the predominant metabolite in all accessions (58.8%) and cultivars (62.8%). Yeupsil and Sangback cultivars exhibited the highest rosmarinic acid ($3,393.5{\mu}g/g$) and luteolin ($383.3{\mu}g/g$) content respectively. YCPL177-2 with the high concentration ($889.8{\mu}g/g$) of luteolin may be used as a genetic resource for breeding elite cultivars.