• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.36-39
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• 1998

It is very difficult for the large-scale retailers, who deal with tens of thousands of items, to price all the items dynamically reflecting all the constraints and policies. In spite of its importance, the prices are determined by human experts because the process of setting the prices of all the items is not established yet. To solve this problem, we adopt a mixed model that combines three typical pricing models: cost-plus model, competition-oriented model, and demand-oriented model. Since each model an be converted to a set of constraints in point and interval forms, solving the pricing problem with the three groups of models requires an algorithm which can solve the problem with weighted constraints of intervals and points. So we have devised an algorithm named “Point Determination Algorithm”. From the rules that represents tile models, the constraints are extracted to be solvable by tile Point Determination Algorithm. A prototype KAPA (Knowledge Assisted pricing Advisor) is developed with this idea using the expert system environment UNIK - a tool developed by KAIST. According to the experiment with 76 items in comparison with 53 human pricing experts we confirmed that the KAPA can perform highly consistent with human experts. This implies KAPA system is applicable to pricing millions of items dynamically.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1126-1130
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• 2003

The conditions of measurement for the determination of bulk density were evaluated to assess the bulkiness of 8 kinds of forage. The bulkiness of the forages was determined with 4 different sizes of forage samples with 7 different pressure application under air-dry and wet conditions. The dry bulk density (DBD) curvilinearly regressed with the pressure applied. The particle size of the samples and kinds of forage used in the present study did not affect changes in values of DBD determined under pressures over $20g/cm^2$ up to $200g/cm^2$. The values of the wet bulk density (WBD) increased as an increment of particle size, but were not always regressed on the particle size of the 8 kinds of forage. The DBD determined on 8 mm particles showed a higher correlation coefficient with neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. The DBD may be a useful tool for the assessment of NDF in forage, when it is determined under condition of a pressure of $100g/cm^2$ or over with a particle size of 8 mm. The WBD may not be utilized for the direct measurement of the physical characteristics of forage, but may be required a thorough consideration on water solubility of forages. Further studies are needed to clarify the DBD contribution to the prediction of forage intake by ruminants.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.3E
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• pp.145-150
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• 2006

An experiment with the objective of providing guidelines for joint depth determination and timing of contraction joint sawcutting to avert uncontrolled cement concrete pavement cracking has been conducted. Theoretical analysis and laboratory tests were performed to help in understanding and analyzing the field observation. Using two-dimensional elastic fracture mechanics, the influence of several parameters on crack propagation was delineated by a parametric study, involving initial notch ratio, joint spacing, Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of concrete, temperature gradient, and modulus of subgrade reaction. Bimaterials made of rock plus cement mortar and rock plus polymer mortar were applied to the concrete in a field test section, and they were subjected to fracture tests. These tests have shown that fracture mechanics is a powerful tool not only in judging the quality of the jointed cement concrete pavement but also in providing a criterion for crack propagation and delamination. Based on fracture mechanics, a method is proposed to determine the joint depth, sawcut timing, and spacing of the jointed cement concrete pavement. This method has successfully been applied to a test section in Seohaean expressway. This study also summarizes the research results obtained from a field test for jointed plain concrete pavement, which was also carried out on the Seohaean expressway.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.319-326
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• 2012

Purpose: Cheese texture is an important sensory attribute mainly considered for consumers' acceptance. The feasibility of nondestructive measurements of cheese texture was explored using non-contact ultrasonic sensors. Methods: A novel non-contact air instability compensation ultrasonic technique was used for five varieties of hard cheeses to measure ultrasonic parameters, such as velocity and attenuation coefficient. Five texture properties, such as fracturability, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were assessed by a texture profile analysis (TPA) and correlated with the ultrasonic parameters. Results: Texture properties of five varieties of hard cheese were estimated using ultrasonic parameters with regression analysis models. The most effective model predicted the fracturability, hardness, springiness, and chewiness, with the determination coefficients of 0.946 (RMSE = 21.82 N), 0.944 (RMSE = 63.46 N), 0.797 (RMSE = 0.06 ratio), and 0.833 (RMSE = 17.49 N), respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the non-contact air instability compensation ultrasonic sensing technique can be an effective tool for rapid and non-destructive determination of cheese texture.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 1994

Milk progesterone concentrations were measured in 111 dairy cows for confirming the estrus observation and for the early pregnancy diagnosis. Of the 56 cows inseminated, 52 cows(92.8%) were an ovulatory estrus, 2 cows(3.6%) were an unovulatory estrus, and 2 cows(3.6%) were the error of estrus observation, respectively. Milk progesterone concentrations at 21 and 24 days after artificial insemination were significantly higher in 23 pregnant cows compared with those in 5 non-pregnant cows(P<0.05). The accuracy rate for early pregnancy diagnosis in 27 cows achieved when the discriminatory concentration at 21 days after artificial insemination was placed at 2.0 ng/ml skim milk, was 91.3% for positive diagnosis and 100% for negative diagnosis, respectively. These results indicated that milk progesterone determination at 0, 6 and 21 days after artificial insemination can be utilized for confirming the estrus observation and for early pregnancy diagnosis. In conclusion, milk progesterone determination is useful diagnostic tool for monitoring the reproductive performance.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

The low energy excitations of spin waves (SWR) in thin films can be used for determination of the surface anisotropy constant and the nonhomogeneities of magnetization in the close-to-surface layer. The dispersion relation in SWR is sensitive on the geometry of experiment. We report on temperature dependence of surface magnetic anisotropy energy constant in magnetic semiconductor thin films of$ CdCr_{2-2x}In_{2x}Se_4$ at spin glass state. Samples were deposited by rf sputtering technique on Corning glass substrate in controlled temperature conditions. Coexistence of the infinite ferromagnetic network (IFN) and finite spin slusters (FSC) in spin glass state (SG) is know phenomena. Some behavior typical for long range magnetic ordering is expected in samples at SG state. The spin wave resonance experiment (microwave spectrometer at X-band) with excited surface modes was applied to describe the energy state of surface spins. We determined the surface magnetic anisotropy energy constant versus temperature using the surface inhomogeneities model of magnetic thin films. It was found that two components contribute to the surface magnetic anisotropy energy. One originates from the exchange interaction term due to the lack of translation symmetry for surface spin as well as from the originates from the exchange interaction term due to the lack of translation symmetry for surface spin as well as from the stray field of the surface roughness. The second one comes from the demagnetizing field of close-to surface layer with grad M. Both term linearly decrease when temperature is increased from 5 to 123 K, but dominant contribution is from the first component.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

In this paper, a method for determining the boundary conditions which derived from the random obstacles on the curves was presented. A simple computer program using this method is also developed. This determination method and program can be used for a good engineering tool in optimal curve design and an Radius-transition curve length $(R-L_t)$ combination within the permissible zone can be improved without any increased costs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.241-248
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• 2018

Recently, there have been calls for approaching from the irrationality point of view to better explain the privacy paradox phenomenon. This study is a kind of response to them. The aim of the study is to investigate how satisfying competence needs, one of basic psychological needs suggested in self-determination theory, affects irrational information disclosure decision (i.e., risk-benefit assessment). To do this, the study builds an irrationality-based model in which competence needs satisfaction affects both perceived risks negatively and perceived benefits (i.e., relationship building and maintenance), which in turn determine a level of self-disclosure. Based on the data from Facebook users which is collected by a large sample survey (N=1050), the study analyzes it using Mplus, a powerful structure equation modeling tool. The study results reveal that while the relationship between competence needs satisfaction and perceived relationship building and maintenance is statistically significant, the relationship between competence needs satisfaction and perceived risks insignificant. These findings imply that people who is in a high level of competence needs satisfaction is more likely to respond to some opportunities for social benefits and in turn disclose more information about self.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.197-206
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a model for diagnosing core competencies at the higher education level. Based on literature reviews, a potential model for core competencies at university was suggested. A tool for validating the model was composed of 24 items, which were delivered to 226 professors and administrative staffs, 730 students, and 134 graduates & external industrial experts. Five constructs (core competencies) were extracted from the data collected among professors and administrative staff responding to the importance of the items. The results of importance and performance surveys on core competencies with students were respectively 3.28 to 3.66 and 2.68 to 3.28 (4-point Likert scale). Statistical differences between importance level and performance level were found in all the sub-categories of core competencies. Borich priority determination formula and Locus for Focus Model were used for the determination of the priority of needs. Importance survey among graduates and external experts showed that the mean of each items ranged from 2.80 to 3.76 (4-point Likert scale). The overall results of the analyses suggest that the final model is appropriate for measuring the core competencies.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.252-261
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• 2020

Currently, the potentiometric titration and the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were utilized in Korean Pharmacopoeia XII (KP XII) as well as other pharmacopoeias (USP, EP, BP) for determination of loperamide hydrochloride in raw materials and capsules, respectively. The research objective is to overcome the remaining drawbacks from current methods such as solubility of mobile phase (KP XII), less scientific approach (USP 43) or using paired-ion chromatography reagent which shows some limitations (BP2017 and other formulation monographs). The proposed method was optimized by Design of Experiment (DoE) tool to obtain the satisfied method for determination of loperamide hydrochloride. The optimal condition was performed on the common C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 ㎛) using isocratic elution with the mobile phase containing 40 mM of potassium phosphate monobasic (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (56:44), at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The optimized method was validated and met the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonization. The developed method was applied to determine loperamide hydrochloride in capsules and can be used to update the current monograph in KP XII.