• 공업화학
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.516-520
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• 2016

농축세정제는 일반세정제의 2배~3배 농도의 계면활성제를 사용하여 제조하며, 계면활성제가 35~45% (w/w) 정도가 된다. 일반적으로 단일 계면활성제는 농도의존적으로 30~60% (w/w) 영역에서 액정상을 형성한다고 알려져 있다. 혼합 계면활성제 시스템인 약 40% (w/w) 전후 농도의 농축세정제는 외관이 불투명하거나 겔상의 액정상을 형성한다. 소비자가 선호하고 사용하기 적합한 제품화를 위해 투명상과 영하의 온도에서도 clear한 상을 얻기 위해서 하이드로트로프(hydrotrope)를 적용하였으며, 효과가 우수한 하이드로트로프는 1,6-hexanediol, adipic acid와 dipropylene glycol와 같은 분자 양말단에 친수기를 가진 타입이었다. 점도가 조절되고 저온에서 상안정성이 우수한 농축세정제를 제조하기 위해서는 우수한 하이드로트로프와 함께 LAS와 SAS 같은 친수기가 계면활성제 소수기의 중간에 위치한 secondary type의 계면활성제를 적용하는 것이었다. 양말단에 친수기가 있는 하이드로트로프와 secondary type 계면활성제를 혼합 적용함으로써 약 40% (w/w) 농도의 농축세정제의 액정형성을 방지할 수 있다. 본 기술의 적용으로 저온안정성이 우수하며 점도가 적당히 조절된 농축세정제의 제조가 가능하다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to help the consumer about the care of nonwoven fabrics by investigation of the properties such as launderability. shrinkage, color fastness and strenth. Materials used were two types, soft and stiff, of commercial nonwoven fabrics. Deter-gents used were neutral detergents, synthetic detergents and dry cleaning solutions(perch-toro-ethylene) The results of this study were summerized as follows; 1. Laundering of nonwoven fabrics in low temperature is more ideal as morphological changes by laundering in high temperature were more prominent than that in low temperature. 2. Ironing of nonwoven fabrics wants more attention on environmental temperature as the rate of shrinkage in high temperature was higher than that in low temperature. Neutral detergents are more desirable as the rate of shrinkage of nonwoven fabrics by laundering with synthetic detergents was more prominent than that with neutral deter-gents. The rate of shringkage of nonwoven fabrics was not affected by dry cleanining. 3. Special care is wanted in order to prevent color transfer from non woven fabrics to polyester or wool during dry cleaning or laundering as the color fastness test show that color changes of nonwoven fabrics were not affected, but that color stain was increased on polyester or wool. 4. The strength was affected by composition of fibers and types of nonwoven fabrics, soft or stiff.

• 약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1977

ABS, Alkyl benzene sulfonate, persists for long periods in stream because of its resistance to biologic degradation. Its bio-degradation is very varied in the environments. This investigation was therefore undertaken in order to know the biodegradation of synthetic detergents which are comprising soft and hard forms from February 1976 to September 1976. The biodegradations by spontaneuos settling and aeration were determined. The reduction rates of ABS, DBS, and LAS were 9.8%, 13.7% and 10.4% by the settlings for 5 days at $25^{\circ}$ and 63.3%, 27.2%, and 43.9% by aeration respectively. It was not contributed effectively to biodegradate the synthetic detergents by the simulaneous incubation with micro-organisms isolated from sewage such as Enterobacter sp., E. coli, Bacillus sp., Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., and etc. Tricking filter could also eliminate some amount of detergent. By the application of this investigation, it could be designed that detergents would be regulated in abuse in context with water pollution and be treated at a proper process in the sewage treatment plant to be installed.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

의류용 세탁세제와 샴푸와 같은 합성세제가 혼입된 먹이를 급이하였을 경우 줄지렁이 개체군의 산란률, 난포당 부화개체수 및 차세대 발육 유충수의 증가를 유발시켰으며, 산란된 난포의 부화율에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 생태독성학적 측면에서 합성세제는 줄지렁이 개체군에 대해 독성 현상을 유발하지 않으며 가정에서 사용하는 합성세제는 하수슬러지를 지렁이에게 지속적으로 급이하였을 때 나타나는 지렁이 개체군 소멸현상의 직접적인 원인이 아닌 것으로 판단된다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1994

생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 세제의 사용량이 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있으며, 하수처리공정에서 완전히 처리되지 못한 합성세제가 하천이나 강으로 흘러들어 지표수의 오염을 가중시키고 있다. 이와같은 세제는 수중생물에 해로운 여러 독성물질을 함유하고 있으며, 현재까지는 주로 화학적 분석에 의하여 그 독성을 측정하고 있다. 그러나 오염물질 상호간의 작용 등으로 화학분석만으로 적정기간동안에 독성을 평가하는 것은 상당히 어려운 실정인 바, 본 논문에서는 물벼룩인 Daphnia magna와 형광성 박테리아인 Photobacterium phosphoreum을 이용하여 생물학적으로 주방용 세제와 의류용 세제의 급성 독성을 평가하였다. 본 평가에 사용된 세제는 세탁용 세제와 주방용 세제로 구분하여 국내 사용량이 가장 많은 7종류를 선택하였으며, 조사결과 세탁용 세제의 평균 24hr, 48hr-LC50은 각각 4.25%, 2.50%이며, 주방용 세제의 평균 24hr, 48hr-LC50은 각각 2.01%, 1.36%이었다. 또한 세탁용 세제의 평균 5min, 15min-EC50은 각각 1.83%, 1.02%이며, 주방용 세제의 평균 5min, 15min-EC50은 각각 1.57%, 1.21% 이었다. 이를 통하여 국내에서 사용되는 합성세제중 주방용 세제가 세탁용 세제보다 지속적 독성이 큰 것을 알 수 있었으며 세제마다 독성의 정도가 차이가 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2021

Laundry industry has traditionally been considered an industry that generates large amounts of wastewater and Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs). This is still the case until now. Household laundry detergents are produced and distributed within the safety regulations on the amount of harmful substances detected. While industrial laundry detergents are often distributed without safety regulations, and even laundry workers manufacture and use them on their own. This contaminates water and air and also threatens the safety of workers. This study is a basic study for distributing eco-friendly detergents(EFD-A) developed through previous studies to the laundry industry. Safety, washability and wastewater quality of EFD-A are evaluated. Three existing commercial detergents(PD1, PD2, LD4) are also evaluated to compare with EFD-A. The safety of detergents is confirmed by the content of optical brightener, VOCs, and arsenic. Washability is evaluated by the difference in reflectance of washed and unwashed artificial soiled fabrics according to detergent concentration, washing temperature, and washing time. TOC is used as the index of assessing the wastewater quality. The results are as follows; EFD-A doesn't contain the optical brighteners, VOCs, and arsenic. The optimal washing conditions for EFD-A are 3 g/L concentration, 40 ℃ washing temperature, and 30 min washing time. The soil removal efficiency is about 71 %, which was similar to or somewhat superior to that of PD1, PD2, and LD4. TOC is 63.5 %, which is about 15 % lower than the discharge limit. Through this study, the developed detergent EFD-A can be used as a safe and eco-friendly detergent for the human body and the environment.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.419-423
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• 1983

음이온세제와 비이온세제의 혼합물에서 alkylbenzene sulfonate 계통의 음이온 세기가 NMR법에 의해서 정량되었다. 음이온세제와 비이온세제의 혼합물에 대한 NMR 스펙트럼에서, 벤젠 그룹은 6.5∼8ppm에서 중첩된 피크를 보여주나 sampling 후의 벤젠 그룹은 7∼8ppm에서 두개의 doublet을 보여준다. 검량선은 음이온세제의 벤젠그룹과 초산의 메칠그룹의 상대적인 면적비에 의해서 작성되었다. (초산은 내부표준물로 사용되었다.)

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

In this study, remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil was attempted by the electrokinetic process equipped with fixed or swappable electrode. Copper was more effectively removed with EDTA than citric acid. Zinc was much more removed than copper with both detergents. When electrokinetic with fixed electrode and detergents were applied to the contaminated soil, copper was removed about 28.52%~35.25% and zinc was removed about 63.44%~71.48%. When electrokinetics with swappable electrode and detergents were applied to the contaminated soil, the pseudo-first order reaction constants was higher about 16~50% than with fixed electrode in the case of zinc. It is conclusive that electrokinetics with swappable electrode could be an effective method for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.501-504
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• 2000

The purification of a thermostable esterase expressed in Escherichia coli was investigated using thermoprecipitation of unclarified cell homogenates followed by after applying the heat-treated lysate to phenyl-sepharose column, and elution with detergent. Heat treatment at $70^{cdot}C$ was capable of removing to E. coli proteins. Specially, the thermoprecipitation with 15% polyethylene glycol 8000 can remove host proteins and nucleic acids efficiently. Various detergents were used to recover the esterase, which was strongly bound to phenyl-sepharose resin. Triton X-100, non-ionic detergent, was found to be the most efficient of all tested detergents.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-75
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• 1987

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) from the mixture of anionic and nonionic detergents (containing amide type and alkylphenoxy polyethanol type) is identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, separated using physical properties (solubility) and determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.