• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

In this study, a fluorescent silica nano particle is used as the surrogate for challenging test of membrane surface integrity. The particles are functionalized by a fluorescent dying agent so that as an ultraviolet light is imposed a bright fluorescent image from the particles can be taken. If a membrane surface is damaged and has a compromised part larger than the size of surrogate the fluorescent particles would pass through and contained in the permeate. An operator can directly notice whether the membrane surface is damaged or not by detecting a fluorescent image taken from the permeate. Additionally, the size of compromised part is estimated through analysing the fluorescent image in which we surmise the mass of particles included in the permeate by calculating an average RGB value of the image. The pilot scale experiments showed that this method could be applied successfully to determine if a membrane surface had a damaged parts regardless of the test condition. In the testing on the actual damaged area of $4.712mm^2$, the lowest error of estimating the damaged area was -1.32% with the surrogate concentration of 80 mg/L, flux of $40L/m^2/hr$ for 25 minutes of detection. A further study is still going on to increase the lowest detection limit and thus decrease the error of estimation.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2008

We monitored the occurrence of human enteric viruses in urban rivers by cell culture-PCR and RT-nested PCR. Water samples were collected monthly or semimonthly between May 2002 and March 2003 in four urban tributaries. Enteric viruses were detected by RT-nested PCR and cell culture-PCR based on a combination of Buffalo Green monkey kidney (BGMK) and A549 cell lines, followed by phylogenetic analysis of amplicons. By RT-nested PCR analysis, 45 (77.6%), 32 (55.2%), 32 (55.2%), 26 (44.8%), 12 (20.7%), 2 (3.4%), 4 (6.9%), and 4 (6.9%) of 58 samples showed positive results with adenoviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses (NV) genogroup I (GI) and II (GII), reoviruses, hepatitis A viruses, rotaviruses and sapoviruses, respectively. Adenoviruses were most often detected and only eight (13.8%) samples were negative for adenoviruses and positive for other enteric viruses in the studied sites. Thirty-one (77.5%) of the 40 samples were positive for infectious adenoviruses and/or enteroviruses based on cell culture-PCR, and the frequency of positive samples grown on A549 and BGMK (65.0%) was higher than that grown on BGMK alone (47.5%). The occurrence of each enteric virus, except reoviruses and hepatitis A viruses was not statistically correlated with the water temperature and levels of fecal coliforms according to Binary logistic regression model. By sequence analysis, most strains of adenoviruses and enteroviruses detected in this study are similar to the causative agent of viral diseases in Korea and most NV GI- and GII-grouped strains were closely related to the reference strains from China and Japan, and GII/4-related strains had similar sequences to strains recognized as a worldwide epidemic outbreak. Our results suggested that monitoring human enteric viruses is necessary to improve microbial quality and cell culture-PCR using the combination of A549 and BGMK cells and the adenovirus detection by PCR could be useful for monitoring viral contamination in the aquatic environment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2011

Avian reovirus (ARV) and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were evaluated for pathogenicity in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. ARV was isolated from the broilers with history of malabsorption syndrome (MAS). FAdV was isolated from the layer breeders with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome. Total 6 inoculated groups including 1 un-inoculated group were organized and inoculated with the ARV and/or FAdV by oral route. The minimal pathological lesions and lower viral gene detection rates were present in the ARV inoculated groups compared to those of FAdV or ARV/FAdV inoculated groups. Common gross lesions in the ARV inoculated group were distended intestine with foamy contents and in the FAdV group there were foamy cecal contents and hydropericardium among the evaluation methods such as gross and histological lesion, viral gene detection, body weight and serum chemistry, histopathological lesion score was reliable especially in the liver lesions such as hepatic necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration. However, we did not success to evaluate the synergetic effect of mixed infection of ARV and FAdV in this study. Therefore, we need further study to reproduce malabsorption syndrome of ARV infection using different viral agent such as rotavirus and using different dose of virus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1841-1847
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• 2008

Vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of serious diseases in humans, resulting from the contact of wound with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. Several studies aimed at detecting V. vulnificus have targeted vvh as a representative virulence toxin gene belonging to the bacterium. In this study, we targeted the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, to detect V. vulnificus. PCR specificity was identified by amplification of 8 V. vulnificus templates and by the loss of a PCR product with 36 non-V. vulnificus strains. The PCR assay had the 273-bp fragment and the sensitivity of 10 pg DNA from V. vulnificus. SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay targeting the rpoS gene showed a melting temperature of approximately $84^{\circ}C$ for the V. vulnificus strains. The minimum level of detection by real-time PCR was 2 pg of purified genomic DNA, or $10^3$ V. vulnificus cells from pure cultured broth and $10^3$ cells in 1 g of oyster tissue homogenates. These data indicate that real-time PCR is a sensitive, species-specific, and rapid method for detecting this bacterium, using the rpoS gene in pure cultures and in infected oyster tissues.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2002

Paenibacillus larvae is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is etiological agent for american foulbrood disease (AFB), which is the most severe disease in honey bee. To detect P. larvae from infected honeybee-comb or larvae, polyclonal antibody against whole bacterium was produced from guineapig and its specificity was evaluated. After optimization of ELISA-based detection system using these antibodies, a number of different P. larvae strains were analysed. Polyclonal antibody against P. larvae ATCC 25747 showed high affinity to most strains of P. larvae including P. larvae. strain ATCC 9545 (type strain), ATCC 25747 and other korean strain, SJl5 but exhibited no cross-reaction with other bacterial species. Additionally, this type of ELISA system was used for the detection of AFB in field-application The results have shown that this antibody could be useful for the rapid identification and monitoring of P. larvae in honeybee-comb.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2014

Porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) is a major problem of swine industry worldwide, and diagnosis of PCV2, causal agent of PCVD, has been doing in clinical laboratories of pig disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. But the PCR analyses have a serious problem of misdiagnosis by contamination of DNA, in particular, from carryover contamination with previously amplified DNA or extracted DNA from field samples. In this study, an uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG)-based direct PCR (udPCR) without DNA extraction process and DNA carryover contamination was developed and evaluated on PCV2 culture and field pig samples. The sensitivity of the udPCR combined with dPCR and uPCR was same or better than that of the commercial PCR (cPCR) kit (Median diagnostics, Korea) on PCV2-positive serum, lymph node and lung samples of the pigs. In addition, the udPCR method confirmed to have a preventing ability of mis-amplification by contamination of pre-amplified PCV2 DNA from previous udPCR. In clinical application, 170 pig samples (86 tissues and 84 serum) were analysed by cPCR kit and resulted in 37% (63/170) of positive reaction, while the udPCR was able to detect the PCV2 DNA in 45.3% (77/170) with higher sensitivity than cPCR. In conclusion, the udPCR developed in the study is a time, labor and cost saving method for the detection of PCV2 and providing a preventing effect for DNA carryover contamination that can occurred in PCR process. Therefore, the udPCR assay could be an useful alternative method for the diagnosis of PCV2 in the swine disease diagnostic laboratories.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.441-458
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• 2023

The poultry industry, which produces excellent sources of protein, suffers enormous economic damage from diseases. To solve this problem, research is being conducted on the early detection of infection according to the behavioral characteristics of poultry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a non-movement behavior observation method to detect sick chickens. Forty 1-day-old Ross 308 males were used in the experiments, and an isolator equipped with an Internet Protocol (IP) camera was fabricated for observation. The chickens were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum A18-GCVP-014, the causative agent of fowl typhoid (FT), at 14 days of age, which is a vulnerable period for FT infection. The chickens were continuously observed with an IP camera for 2 weeks after inoculation, chickens that did not move for more than 30 minutes were detected and marked according to the algorithm. FT infection was confirmed based on clinical symptoms, analysis of cardiac, spleen and liver lesion scores, pathogen re-isolation, and serological analysis. As a result, clinical symptoms were first observed four days after inoculation, and dead chickens were observed on day six. Eleven days after inoculation, the number of clinical symptoms gradually decreased, indicating a state of recovery. For lesion scores, dead chickens scored 3.57 and live chickens scored 2.38. Pathogens were re-isolated in 37 out of 40 chickens, and hemagglutination test was positive in seven out of 26 chickens. The IP camera applied with the algorithm detected about 83% of the chickens that died in advance through non-movement behavior observation. Therefore, observation of non-movement behavior is one of the ways to detect infected chickens in advance, and it appears to have potential for the development of remote broiler management system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

A rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of N-(-4-Chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-chromanecarboxamide (KAL-1120), a novel anti-inflammation agent, in the rat plasma. The method was applied to analyze the compound in the biological fluids such as bile, urine and tissue homogenates. After liquid-liquid extraction, the compound was analyzed on an HPLC system with ultraviolet detection at 275 nm. HPLC was carried out using reversed-phase isocratic elution with a $C_{18}$ column, a mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitril (40 v/v%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The chromatograms showed good resolution and sensitivity and no interference of plasma. The calibration curve for the drug in plasma was linear over the concentration range of 0.05-50 ${\mu}g$/mL. The intra- and inter-day assay accuracies of this method ranged from 0.06% to 9.33% of normal values and the precision did not exceed 6.28% of relative standard deviation. The plasma concentration of KAL-1120 decreased to below the quantifiable limit at 1.5 hr after the i.v. bolus administration of 2-10 mg/kg to rats ($t_{1/2,({\alpha})}$ and $t_{1/2,({\beta})$ of 2.15 and 26.7 min at a dose of 2 mg/kg, 3.91 and 33.0 min at a dose of 10 mg/kg, respectively). The steady-state volume of distribution ($V_{dss}$) and the total body clearance ($CL_t$) were not significantly altered in rats given doses from 2 to 10 mg/kg. Of the various tissues tested, KAL-1120 was mainly distributed in the lung and heart after i.v. bolus administration. KAL-1120 was detected in the bile by 30 min after its i.v. bolus administration. However, the concentration in the urine after i.v. bolus administration became too low to measure, suggesting that KAL-1120 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, this analytical method was suitable for the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of KAL-1120 in rats.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.412-414
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• 2002

Several peroxovanadium(V) complexes with an organic chelate ligand decompose spontaneously, depending on the nature of the chelate ligand. The self-decomposition reactions of the dinuclear peroxovanadium(V) complex with 2-oxo-l,3-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (dpot) and the peroxovanadium(V) complexes with N-carboxymethylhistidinate (cmhist) and histamine-N,N-diacetate (histada) accompany the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV). This implies that the peroxide anion acts as a reducing agent and thus the peroxide is oxidized in the decomposition process of the peroxovanadium(V) complexes. The oxidized dioxygen species have been characterized spectrophotometrically. Superoxide anion has been detected in 2-3 % yields using the reduction of cytochrome c method and chemiluminescence method utilized MCLA as a fluorescer. Singlet oxygen has also been detected in higher yields on the basis of chemiluminescence of tryptophan.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Many methods had been developed to improve the accuracy of extracting information from a vast amount of data. This paper combined a number of natural language processing methods such as NER (named entity recognition), sentence extraction, and part of speech tagging to carry out text analysis. The data source is comprised of texts obtained from the web using a domain-specific data extraction agent. A framework for the extraction of information from unstructured data was developed using the aforementioned natural language processing methods. We simulated the performance of our work in the extraction and analysis of texts for the detection of organizational structures. Simulation shows that our study outperformed other NER classifiers such as MUC and CoNLL on information extraction.