• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.401-408
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• 2009

A study for 3D-reconstruction and providing the geospatial information is in progress to many fields recently. For efficient providing the geospatial information, the present information has to be updated and be revised and then the latest geospatial information needs to be acquired economically. Especially, LiDAR system utilized in many study has a advantage to collect the 3D spacial data easily and densely that is possible to supply to the geospatial information. The 3D data of LiDAR is very suitable as a data for presenting 3D space, but in case of using the data without converting, the high performance processor is needed for presenting 2D forms from point data composed by 3D data. In comparison, basically the raster data structure of 2D form is more efficient than vector structure in cheap devices because of a simple structure and process speed. The purpose of this study, in case of supplying LiDAR data as 3D data, present the method that reconstructs to 2D raster data and convert to compression data applied by th tree construction in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2020

Autonomous driving can be limited by only using sensors if the sensor is blocked by sudden changes in surrounding environments or large features such as heavy vehicles. In order to overcome the limitations, the precise road-map has been used additionally. In korea, the NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) produces and supplies high definition map for autonomous vehicles. Accordingly, in this study, errors occurring in the process of e data editing and dtructured esditing of high definition map are systematically typed providing by the National Geographic Information Institute. In addition, by presenting the error search process and solution for each situation, we conducted a study to quickly correct errors in high definition map, and largely classify the error items for shape integrity, spatial relationship, and reference relationship, and examine them in detail. The method was derived.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2010

The geoscientists are very interested in a volcanic reactivity of Mt. Baekdu. Periodical observation and monitoring are thus needed to detect the topographic and environmental changes of Mt. Baekdu. It is, however, very restrictive to survey with difficulty of observer's accessibility in the field due to political problems. This study therefore is to produce digital elevation model (DEM) of Mt. Baekdu using SPOT-5 stereo images. The produced DEM is very not accurate because of using without ground control points (GCP). To correct the previously generated DEM, scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) matching method is adopted with shuttle radar topography mission(SRTM) DEM of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL). The results of the produced DEM to SRTM DEM matching indicate that the corrected DEM from SPOT-5 stereo images has more detail topographic structures. In addition, difference of spatial distances between the corrected DEM and SRTM DEM are much smaller than non-corrected DEM.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.27-41
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• 2010

This study developed a settlement environment diagnostic indices (SEDI) of rural villages which can apply to analyze variable conditions of villages having development projects. The index consists of 5 diagnostic areas (first level) with 13 items (second level), including detail indices of 40 criteria (third level) defined by specialists' brainstorming process. In order to develop the index system, object-oriented approach was used to extract the 5 diagnostic areas (infra-basic settlement facility, life condition & environmental resources, industry & economic infrastructure, community, and residents) from rural villages. For the 40 criteria, it was introduced a quantification method that all villages have absolute values in national level, not relative value between villages within an unit area. The diagnostic diagram and table were developed to evaluate the villages compositively. The developed SEDI was applied to study areas, 56 villages in 2 subdivision areas of county, located on county of Keumsan. Applicability of the index system, database system should be developed with the surveying method of data in village level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.7
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• pp.115-126
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• 1983

Myun Bok originated in China was introduced into Korea in ancient times. Some evidences show that it had settlled down as our own official robe already under Koryo Dynasty. And Koryo made her own regulations on Myun Bok. Kook Cho O Rye Eui(國朝五禮儀) of Choson Dynasty has comparatively detailed explanations on the way of cutting and shapes and materials. And the regulations are modeled after those of Ming China. But it has been impossible to know whether the regulations of Kook Cho O Rye Eui were strictly kept or not, because we have not enough remains through which to see it. And then we got very useful materials, Eui kue(儀軌), which are well known but have not been used in studying the history of costumes. Every Kook Chang Do Gam Eui Gue(國葬都監儀軌) have the provision of the so-called Pok Wan(服玩) set which includes the imitations or the full set of Myun Bok. And the provisions show us the illustrations colored in detail which help us understand the real shapes and the transformations of Myun Bok. After surveying the Pok wan provisions, author arrived at conclusions as follow; 1) Myun Boks are not always made in the same shape and colors. 2) The Provisions of Kook Cho O Rye Eui were not always kept strictly due to the lack of detailed directions.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

This paper surveyed and analyzed cases of DB development overseas to set the range of DB to be developed for analyzing energy-saving policies in the domestic transportation sector. The foregoing prerequisites were used to establish system for classification in the broad scale under which system for classification in detail indicators that suit one in the broader indicators was set based on analysis of domestic / overseas cases to determine DB development range in the transportation sector required to analysis domestic energy-saving policies. Accordingly, six items subject to the broadest classification were determined, i.e. energy consumption, energy basic unit, emissions of greenhouse gas, economic indicators, transportation volume / transportation records and basic automobile data. Large classification and sub-items determined by surveying expert opinions were set and proposed as DB classification indicators.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.157-186
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• 2015

Sittaung-Thanlwin region in Lower Myanmar is an ecological niche for human settlement. Evidences of human activities in the region are seen through various archaeological sites or settlements along the coastal area between the rivers Sittaung and Thanlwin (Salween). In Lower Myanmar, scholar, U Aung Myint, discovered one major site Kyaikkatha and other small scale sites, namely, Sittaung, Kawhtin, Kadaikgyi, Kadaikkalay, Katkadit, Kelatha (little Zothoke), Ayetthama, Winka, Zothoke (big Zothoke), Lagonbyi (Sampannago), Wagaru, Laming and Ye in present day Mon State. In 1980, U Aung Myint undertook an exploration program at Kyaikkatha. After the exploration, an excavation team conducted systematic digging at Kyaikkatha in March 1986. Excavation continued occasionally at Kyaikkatha throughout the years between 1995 and 2000. It is known that Kyaikkatha, the old city, reveals a kind of monumental civilization exposing four religious structures (a stupa and three monasteries). This essay looks into the distribution of features within Kyaikkatha and infers on its social, political, and religious organization. This essay is also about a new discovery of an early urban settlement located at the apex of the Gulf of Muttama (Martaban) where a lost city of Suvannahumi flourished in the ancient days. By means of aerial photographic observations, the site had been noticed recently, which was by followed some excavations. More systematic and detail surveying may be needed to know more about the site and its features for comparison to other similar settlements of through-out mainland South East Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2015

This study purposed on introducing a new automated solution for detecting railway tracks and reconstructing track models from the mobile laser scanning data. The proposed solution completes following procedures; the study initiated with detecting a potential railway region, called Region Of Interest (ROI), and approximating the orientation of railway track trajectory with the raw data. At next, the knowledge-based detection of railway tracks was performed for localizing track candidates in the first strip. In here, a strip -referring the local track search region- is generated in the orthogonal direction to the orientation of track trajectory. Lastly, an initial track model generated over the candidate points, which were detected by GMM-EM (Gaussian Mixture Model-Expectation & Maximization) -based clustering strip- wisely grows to capture all track points of interest and thus converted into geometric track model in the tracking by detection framework. Therefore, the proposed railway track tracking process includes following key features; it is able to reduce the complexity in detecting track points by using a hypothetical track model. Also, it enhances the efficiency of track modeling process by simultaneously capturing track points and modeling tracks that resulted in the minimization of data processing time and cost. The proposed method was developed using the C++ program language and was evaluated by the LiDAR data, which was acquired from MMS over an urban railway track area with a complex railway scene as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.645-655
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• 2009

Deformations of the dam have been monitored by control points buried in the upper and lower dam of Samrangjin pumped storage power plant. The horizontal and vertical deformation observations performed in 1997, 2002, 2007 are to identity movements of the dam body by comparing and analyzing control points. For that reason, it was difficult to analyze movements of the dam in detail. Therefore, this research has observed surface of the dam using terrestrial laser scanner and estimate movements of the dam by comparing and analyzing scanned and designed surfaces of the dam since building completion. Vertical deformation of upper dam took place in the middle of ridge of dam, maximum cross section, up to 1.5m. In the middle and middle bottom of the downstream slope, vertical deformation was produced 0.75m around SP4-2 point and 0.5m around SP4-4 point. The maximum subsidence of vertical deformation in the lower dam took place in the middle of ridge of dam and upper part of upstream slope and subsidence was analyzed from -0.4 to -1.0m respectively. The result of this research can be used as initial observation to analyze whole movement of the dam in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.475-488
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• 2018

Surveying urban tributary vegetation is based mainly on field sampling at present. The tributary vegetation survey integrating UAV NIR(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Near Infrared Radiance) imagery and in-situ point photo has received only limited attentions from the field ecologist. The reason for this could be the largely undemonstrated applicability of UAV NIR imagery by the field ecologist as a monitoring tool for urban tributary vegetation. The principal advantage of UAV NIR imagery as a remote sensor is to provide, in a cost-effective manner, information required for a very narrow swath target such as urban tributary (10m width or so), utilizing very low altitude flight, real-time geo-referencing and stereo imaging. An exhaustive and realistic comparison of the two techniques was conducted, based on operational customer requirement of urban tributary vegetation survey: synoptic information, ground detail and quantitative data collection. UAV NIR imagery made it possible to identify area-wide patterns of the major plant communities subject to many different influences (e.g. artificial land use pattern), which cannot be acquired by traditional field sampling. Although field survey has already gained worldwide recognition by plant ecologists as a typical method of urban tributary vegetation monitoring, this approach did not provide a level of information that is either scientifically reliable or economically feasible in terms of urban tributary vegetation (e.g. remedial field works). It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for area-wide information obtained by UAV NIR imagery in urban tributary vegetation survey.