• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.52-71
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• 2019

The quality of school education is a key element for national education development. An important factor that determines the quality of school education is qualities of teachers who are in responsible for school education in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to hire competent teachers in the teacher appointment exam for the secondary school. This necessity is evident especially for vocational high schools and Meister high schools with the introduction of 2015-revised curriculum based on NCS that separates each three subjects, "Electrical, Electronics Communication" resulting in the change of question mechanism, which requires new designing of assessment and content area. So, this study analyzes curriculum in college of education for "Electrical", "Electronics", "Communication", 2015-revised curriculum based on NCS and the development of standards for teacher qualifications and assessment area and evaluation of teaching ability in the subjects of the teacher appointment exam, "Electrical, Electronics Communication" Engineering" in 2009. The assessment area and content elements of "Electrical", "Electronics", "Communication are extracted from the analyzed results and they are verified by experts' consultation and presented as follows; First, the assessment area and content elements of the "Electrical" subject were designed to evaluate the NCS - based 2015 revised curriculum by presenting the NCS learning module to the evaluation area and content element in the basic subject "Electrical and Electronics Practice". Second, the section of "Electronics" presented the assessment area and content elements applying the Electronic Circuit, basic subject of the NCS and it also added "Electromagnetics", which is the basic part of Electronics in the Application of Electromagnetic waves that could be applied to the assessment. Third, the assessment area and content elements of "Communication" consist of the communication-related practice that is based on "Electrical" and "Electronic", considering the characteristics of "Communication Engineering". In particular, "Electrical and Electronics practice" which adds network construction practice and communication-related practice makes it to be able to evaluate the communication-related practical education.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.5
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• pp.39-85
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• 2002

This paper is aimed at proposing the policies for managing archives in the process of promoting Electronic Government System. Although there have been many studies of electronic government project and plans for its establishment, this research examines the electronic government system and its problems on the basis of archival science. What I acquired in this paper is as follows. The development of information technology needs great changes ranging from the nation to the individuals. It becomes common that the use of computerized program for business purposes, computerization of information materials and the effective way of search use of electronic documents. Therefore, more and more countries all over the world have been seeking to promote 'Electronic Government', which applies the fruits of the development in information technology to administration process. Recently, Korea has been rapidly entered into the 'Electronic Government' system being against the traditional way of administration. In electronic government system, the 'Life Cycle' of public records will be computerized. Therefore, it is important to change and develop along with the government's policies for 'electronic government project' in the archival management system. This means that the archival management system which have put emphasis on the textual records should be converted to electronic records system. In other words, the records management in electronic government system requires not the transfer and preservation of the records but the consistent management system including the whole process of creating, appraising, arranging, preserving and using the records. So, the systematic management of electronic records plays an important role in realization of electronic government, but it is a subject to be realized by electronic government at the same time. However, the government have overlooked the importance of archival management for long time, especially the importance of electronic records management system. First of all, this research attempts to infer limits and problems through the theoretical considerations of the existing studies for electronic government and to clear up the relations between electronic government and archival management. Based on this, I'll seek to progress the study through reviewing the present condition of archival management in the process of promoting electronic government and suggesting the policies for enhancing the successful electronic government and the construction of scientific archival management system. Since early 1990, many countries in the world have been making every effort to concrete 'Electronic Government'. Using the examples in other nations, it is not difficult to recognize that the embodiment of electronic government is closely connected with the archival management policies. Korea have completed legal and institutional equipments including the new establishment of "Electronic Government Law" to realize electronic government. Also, Korea has been promoting electronic government with the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and Government Computer Center as a leaders. Though managing records, especially the management of electronic records is essential in electronic government system, we haven't yet discussed this section in Korea. This is disapproved by the fact the Government Archives and Records Service has played little role in promoting electronic government project. There are two problems relating this environment. First, present system can't meet the consistent 'Life Cycle' ranging from the creation to the preservation of electronic records. Second, the 'Life Cycle' of electronic records is divided into two parts and managed separately by GCC and GARS. The life of records is not end with the process raged from creation to distribution. On the other hand, the records are approved their value only whole procedures. Therefore, GARS should play a deading role in designing and establishing the archival management system. The answer to these problems, is as follows. First, we have to complete the electronic records management system through introducing ERMS not EDMS. This means that we should not change and develop towards ERMS simply with supplementing the current electronic records management system. I confirm that it is important and proper to establish ERMS system from the very beginning of the process of promoting electronic government. Second, I suggest the developmental integration of GARS and GCC. At present, the divided operations of GCC and GARS, the former is in charge of the management center for electronic business and the latter is the hub institution of managing nation's records and archives result in many obstacles in establishing electronic government system and accomplishing the duties of systematic archival management. Therefore, I conclude that the expansive movement towards 'National Archives' through the integration among the related agencies will make a great contribution to the realization of electronic government and the establishment of archival management system. In addition to this, it will be of much help to constitute and operate the 'Task Force' regarding the management of electronic records with the two institution as the central figures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.342-353
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• 2019

Purpose: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) suggest that the goal for the intake of sodium should be less than 2,000 mg, which is thought to be infeasible to achieve when eating the typical Korean diet. This study aimed to obtain the new intake goals for sodium with improved feasibility to achieve, and also to design optimized food intake patterns for Korean adults by performing linear programming. Methods: The data from a one day 24-hour dietary recall of the 2010 ~ 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey were used to quantify food items that Korean adults usually consumed. These food items were categorized into seven groups and 24 subgroups. The mean intakes and intake distributions of the food groups and the food subgroups were calculated for eight age (19 ~ 29, 30 ~ 49, 50 ~ 64, and over 65 years old) and gender (male and female) groups. A linear programming model was constructed to minimize the difference between the optimized intakes and the mean intakes of the food subgroups while meeting KDRIs for energy and 13 nutrients, and not exceeding the typical quantities of each of the food subgroups consumed by the respective age and gender groups. As an initial solution of the linear programming, the optimized intake of seasonings, including salt, was calculated as 0 g for all the age and gender groups when the sodium constraint was inserted not to exceed 2,000 mg. Therefore, the sodium constraint was progressively increased by 100 mg until the optimized intake of seasoning was obtained as the values closest to the $25^{th}$ percentile of the intake distribution of seasonings for the respective age and gender groups. Results: The optimized food intake patterns were mathematically obtained by performing linear programming when the sodium constraint values were 3,600 mg, 4,500 mg, 4,200 mg, 3,400 mg, 2,800 mg, 3,100 mg, 3,100 mg, and 2,500 mg for the eight age and gender groups. Conclusion: The optimized food intake patterns for Korean adults were designed by performing linear programming after increasing the sodium constraint values from 2,000 mg to 2500 ~ 4,500 mg according to the age and gender groups. The resulting patterns suggest that current diets should be modified to increase the intake of vegetables for all the groups, milk/dairy products for the female groups, and fruits for the female groups except for the females aged 50 ~ 64 years.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.899-915
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• 2018

In this study, in order to construct an eco-friendly advanced road transportation network, the multi-layer tunnel, which is a small-sized car road, is designed to have a height of less than 60 cm. However, the shape of the tunnel is low and the height of the traffic sign is small. In order to solve these problems, traffic sign characters were designed in three dimensions, and the possibility of applying the design of the three - dimensional sign that can obtain greater visibility than the existing signs at the same distance and the possibility verification through virtual simulation were performed. The three-dimensional sign is horizontally installed on the ceiling of the multi-layer tunnel. To be seen vertically, it is enlarged by a certain ratio by the perspective, and the width and height are enlarged. Respectively. In addition, 3D simulation was performed to verify the visibility of the stereoscopic signs when the driver ran through the stereoscopic sign design specifications. As a result of the design and experimental study, it was confirmed that the stereoscopic sign could be designed through the theoretical formula and that it could provide the driver with a larger traffic sign character because there is no limitation of the facility limit compared to the existing vertical traffic sign. Also, we confirmed that it can be implemented in the side wall by using the stereoscopic sign design principle installed on the ceiling part. It was confirmed that the design of the stereoscopic sign can be designed to be smaller as the distance that the driver visually recognizes the sperm is shorter, the height of the protrusion vertically at the lower part of the stereoscopic sign becomes higher. As a result of 3D simulation running experiment based on the design information of the stereoscopic sign, it was confirmed that the stereoscopic sign is visually the same as the vertical sign at the planned distance. Although the detailed research and institutional improvement of stereoscopic signs have not been made in Korea and abroad, it is evolved into a core technology of new road traffic facilities through various studies through the possibility of designing and applying stereoscopic signs developed through this study Expect.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.124-139
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• 2013

Choi Cheon-yak(about 1684~1755) is an artist who left the various artistic works such as sculptures of royal tombs, architectures. In addition, he was not only a skilled caster but also an able artisan carving jade in the early Joseon Dynasty period. Starting from making royal seals of King Suk-jong, he had made more than about 40 Royal seals until 1755. Choi Cheon-yak was well known as a skilled jade craftsman. Another of his great abilities was to carve subjects into ideal figures. In virtue of his greater abilities, he could take part in the process of constructing Royal tombs and sculpting the stone statues of military officials' which were erected at aristocrats' tombs. With these accumulated skills, when he was in charge of designing the folding screen stones for King In-jo's Jang Neong, he could even replace 12 animals system and clouds with peonies and lotus. Among his various abilities, his skill in carving a sculpture can stand comparison with any other contemporaries. His sculpture skill was at its zenith in 1752, the stone statues of military officials' at the Ui soseson's tomb count his showpiece that describes a model at the age of his late teens and is a realistic and portrayal sculpture, which met the royal family's dignity. In the same year, the stone statues of military officials' constructed by Choi Cheon-yak was elected in front of the Jo Hyen-myeong's tomb(1690~1752). This masterpiece referred to the armor of those of King Gong-min Neong and newly added a helmet and the patterns of a tortoise shell. These patterns of a tortoise shell were passed down to Park Moon-su's tomb in 1756 and Queen Jeong-sung's Hong Neung by his colleagues : Kim Ha-jeong and Byeon Yi-jin etc. He was one of the greatest sculptors in the $18^{th}$ century. People in Joseon praised him highly for his imaginative work from an amorphous object. Especially, these stone statues of military at Jo Hyeonmyeong's tomb shows the proofs of his supreme artwork.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

Social exclusion, which does not fulfill the desire for respect as one of the most basic human desires, makes those who perceive themselves to be socially excluded seek physical warmth. However, very few studies have examined whether this phenomenon-wherein social exclusion develops a preference for warmth-can be generalized to the emotional or symbolic aspects, such as the color of lighting. This study aimed to verify the effects of perceived social exclusion on warm lighting preferences, and two experiments were performed for this purpose. In Experiment-1, participants who were respected by people the previous day were assigned to the group that did not perceive social exclusion (non-perceived social exclusion group), and those who were not respected were assigned to the group that perceived social exclusion (perceived social exclusion group). Following this, their preference for warm lighting (3000K), neutral lighting (4000K), and cold lighting (6000K) was measured. The results showed that the perceived social exclusion group had a stronger preference for warm lighting and a weaker preference for cold lighting than did their counterparts. Moreover, the perceived social exclusion group showed a strong preference for warm lighting over neutral lighting; they also showed a weak preference for cold lighting. In Experiment-2, after assigning the participants into groups as in Experiment-1, the participants' preference for a space with warm lighting, neutral lighting, and cold lighting was measured. The results showed that the perceived social exclusion group had a stronger preference for the space with warm lighting and a weaker preference for cold lighting than did their counterparts. Further, the perceived social exclusion group showed a strong preference for the space with warm lighting over the space with neutral lighting; they also showed a weak preference for the space with cold lighting. The findings of this study have implications that can be applied to designing living spaces for people who experience social exclusion, such as handicapped individuals, multicultural families, or immigrant workers, as well as developing artificial intelligence services and cyber-friend characters for this demographic.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2019

Based on the $8^{th}$ Basic Plan for Electric Power Demand and Supply, an estimation has been made for inventories and characteristics of spent fuel (SF) to be generated from existing and planned nuclear power plants. The characteristics under consideration in this study are dimensions, fuel array, $^{235}U$ enrichment, discharge burnup, and cooling time for each fuel assembly. These are essentially needed for designing a disposal facility for SFs. It appears that the anticipated quantity by the end of 2082 is about 62,500 assemblies for PWR SFs. The inventories of Westinghouse-type and Korean-type SFs were revealed to be 60% and 40%, respectively as of the end of 2018. The proportion of SFs with initial $^{235}U$ enrichment below 4.5 weight percent (wt%) was shown to be approximately 90% in total as of the end of 2018. As of 2077, more than 97% of SFs generated from Westinghouse-type nuclear reactors were shown to have cooling time of over 50 years. As of 2125, more than 98% of SFs generated from Korean-type nuclear reactors were shown to have cooling time of over 45 years. Based on these results, for the efficient design of a disposal system, it is reasonable to adopt two types of reference spent fuel. SF of KSFA with $^{235}U$ enrichment of 4.5 wt%, discharge burnup of 55 GWd/tU, and cooling time of 50 years was determined as reference fuel for Westinghouse-type SFs; SF of PLUS7 with $^{235}U$ enrichment of 4.5 wt%, discharge burnup of 55 GWd/tU, and cooling time of 45 years was determined as reference fuel for Korean-type SFs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.513-521
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the preference of users on the characteristics of the subway sign blank. In detail, The purpose is to introduce the concept of designing various characteristics of the subway sign blank according to characteristics such as gender and age, etc. The methodology of this study is to investigate the preference of the characteristics of the characteristics of the subway sign blank space and analyze the preference of the whole group and the cluster group. A survey was conducted to investigate preferences. A cluster analysis was conducted to analyze the preferences. And a demographic and conjoint analysis was conducted for whole group and the cluster group. The attributes of the subway sign blank space for preference survey are as follow : top and bottom blank, side blank, border line blank, arrow thickness, 'station name' and 'line number' order. The results of the preference analysis are as follows. The importance of the attributes in the whole group is shown in the order of the border line blank, 'station name' and 'line number' blank, side blank, top and bottom blank, and arrow thickness. The cluster group is composed of 3 groups, 1 cluster is a woman who uses the subway almost every day, three to four times a week, and seems to prefer half the side blank. 2 crowd is the user who thinks that 60 or more subway signs are uncomfortable, and preferring the order of 'station name' + 'line number' order without border. The 3 clusters were men in their 20s and 30s, with a preference for 1/5 border line blank and thin arrow thickness. The conclusion is as follows. First, the characteristics of the subway sign blank must be designed consistently. However, it is necessary to consider various factors according to gender, age, and frequency of subway use for specific regions or routes. Secondly, It has been shown that, depending on the specific area or route, it is possible to design two or more types of design, not one type of standardized marking of the characteristics of the subway sign blank.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.33
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• pp.155-206
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• 2012

Interests in archives management are getting expanded from the public sector into the cultural and artistic field for the ten years after legislation of "Act on the Management of Public Archives" in 1999. However, due to lack of recognition on the importance of archives in the cultural and artistic field, it is rather frequent that information is kept scattered or archives are lost. As an example, absence of precise contract documents or notes of bestowal keeps people from locating great amount of cultural properties, and because of it these creative properties are in the risk of thefts, the closed-door auctioning, or trades in unofficial channels. As how a nation manages cultural and artistic creation inside the nation reflects its cultural level, it can be said that one of the indexes to notice the extent of a nation's cultural level is to take a look at how they are circulated. This study started from this point. Growing economy and rising interests in culture and art made the society more cognizant of the importance and value that visual artworks have, but the archives and information which are showing the context of these artworks and are produced in the course of social interaction are relatively disregarded because too much emphasis lies on the work itself. It is harder to find archives or documentations in Korea than in other advanced countries about the artists themselves or philosophical discourse on the background of the artworks. There is not so much interest to preserve the archives and information produced after the exhibition also, and they are used for no more than promotion or reference. Hereupon, the researcher recognized the importance of visual arts archives and believed that systemic management on them are high in need. And metadata is an essential way for the systemic management, as recently management on artworks or their archives are conducted using the system of the agencies even though they are not produced electronically. The objective of this study is to manage visual arts archives systematically by designing a data model reflecting traits of visual arts archives. Metadata are needed in the every course of archives from acquisition to management, preservation and application. Visual arts archives find its rich value only when a systemic relationship is established among information on artist, artwork and events including exhibition. By establishing a Multiple Entity Data Model, in which artworks, artists and events (exhibitions) make relationship all together, metadata for management on visual arts archive gets more efficiency and at the same time explanatory trait of the archive gets higher. For this reason we, in the study, tried to design a data model by setting each as an independent entities and designating relations between them, in order to find a way to manage visual arts archives more systematically.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

The inclusive playground is a playground where disabled children and non-disabled children can play together, not a playground for the disabled. It started with the change of social awareness of the citizenship rights of disabled people in the 1960s and the resulting playgrounds. Since then, inclusive playgrounds have been developed in many countries, and these are organized in the form by guidelines. In Korea, social interest in inclusive playgrounds is increasing, but there are no systematic guidelines in Korea, and the application of overseas cases or guidelines is limited. The purpose of this study is to classify the concept of inclusive playgrounds and design guidelines, that were previously presented in inclusive playground design guideline of various countries and analyze the characteristics of, design scope, and design principles, and provide a basic framework for creating guidelines. The purpose of the design guideline was to present specific numerical values to the inclusive playground design guidelines, to link with academic research and industrial products, to present pursuit values, and to expand the value of pursuing design methods. The contents were covered by scope, conceptualization, principles of design and design process, design guidelines, and checklists. Most of the guideline covers specific autonomous governments or countries that can apply the related systems or laws, but the composition of the detailed contents is different. The guiding value of inclusive playgrounds presented in each guideline is not a playground for the disabled but a playground for all, and some guidelines refer to the difficulty in playgrounds considering non-disabled children. Based on these concepts, design guidelines are presented in each guideline. Improving the accessibility in design principles is a common theme and adds to the principles of safety, independence, convenience, and playability. None of the guidelines do not provide design guidelines. Although there is a difference in the degree and method of specificity provided by each of the guidelines, the design guidelines can be generally summarized as space, copper line, and unit facilities. As mentioned in many guidelines, an inclusive playground is not only a playground for children with disabilities. Therefore, in the design guidelines, it is also important to the support play of children with disabilities and to induce inclusive play. The design guidelines presented in the guideline can be rearranged into three stages of 'supporting the play of children with disabilities', 'securing the dimensions and materials of spaces and facilities', 'adding auxiliary devices' and 'designing new facilities'. There are three design guidelines for inducing inclusive play. First, by creating various difficulty levels and intersecting spaces, children with various abilities can play with each other, and at the same time, they can interact witheach other. Second, all children can cooperate and play without distinction between children with disabilities and non-disabled children. Finally, the guardian provides the conditions for efficient support so that the disabled child can fully enjoy the inclusive playground.