• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.305-319
• /
• 2003

This paper provides a non-Bayesian method based on the expanded EM algorithm for segmenting the magnetic resonance images degraded by bias field. For the images with the intensity as a pixel value, many segmentation methods often fail to segment it because of the bias field(with low frequency) as well as noise(with high frequency). Our contextual approach is appropriately designed by using normal mixture model incorporated with Markov random field for noise-corrective segmentation and by using the penalized likelihood to estimate bias field for efficient bias filed-correction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.147-147
• /
• 1998

The present study was designed to examine the effect of total ginseng saponin on CA secretion evoked by activation of nicotinic receptors from the isolated perfused rat adrenal glands. Total ginseng saponin given (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/20 min) into an adrenal vein did fail to produce alteration of spontaneous CA release from the rat adrenal medulla. Acetylcholine (5.32 mM)- and DMPP (100 uM, a selective ncotinic receptor agonist)-evoked CA secretory responses were reduced markedly by the pretreatment with the total ginseng saponin at a rate of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/6.2 $m\ell$/20 min, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1998.07a
• /
• pp.375-377
• /
• 1998

This paper shows two models of the TMR system- fail passive system - having a fault tolerant system characteristic used in airplane and railway system. We design the single system, single-voter TMR system and triplicated voter TMR system based on MC68000 and calculate the failure rate of components using MIL-SPEC-217F and evaluate the reliability and MTTF(Mean Time To Failure) of the designed systems by Markov model.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 2009

This paper presents a study on the behavior and design of bolted stainless steel plates under in-plane tension. Using an experimentally validated finite element (FE) program strength of stainless steel bolted plates under tension is examined with an emphasis on plate bearing mode of failure. A numerical parametric study was carried out which includes examining the behavior of stainless steel plate models with various proportions, bolt locations and in two different material grades. The models were designed to fail particularly in bolt tear-out and material piling-up modes. In the numerical simulation of the models, non-linear stress-strain material behavior of stainless steel was considered by using expressions which represent the full range of strains up to the ultimate tensile strain. Using the results of the parametric study, the effect of variations in bolt positions, such as end and edge distance and bolt pitch distance on bearing resistance of stainless steel bolted plates under in-plane tension has been investigated. Finally, the results obtained are critically examined using design estimations of the currently available international design guidance.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.443-454
• /
• 2017

When eccentrically braced steel frames (EBFs) are in the desired failure mode, links yield at each layer and column bases appear plastically hinged. Traditional design methods cannot accurately predict the inelastic behavior of structures owing to the use of capacity-based design theory. This paper proposes the use of performance-based seismic design (PBSD) method for planning eccentrically braced frames. PBSD can predict and control inelastic deformation of structures by target drift and failure mode. In buildings designed via this process, all links dissipate energy in the rare event of an earthquake, while other members remain in elastic state, and as the story drift is uniform along the structure height, weak layers will be avoided. In this condition, eccentrically braced frames may be more easily rehabilitated after the effects of an earthquake. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through a sample case study of ten-story K-type EBFs and Y- type EBFs buildings, and is validated by pushover analysis and dynamic analysis. The ultimate state of frames designed by the proposed method will fail in the desired failure mode. That is, inelastic deformation of structure mainly occurs in links; each layer of links involved dissipates energy, and weak layers do not exist in the structure. The PBSD method can provide a reference for structural design of eccentrically braced steel frames.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2003

A recently developed semi-active control system employing magneto-rheological (MR) fluid dampers is applied to vibration control of a wind excited tall building. The semi-active control system with MR fluid dampers appears to have the reliability of passive control devices and the adaptability of fully active control systems. The system requires only small power source, which is critical during severe events, when the main power source may fail. Numerical simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the MR dampers on the third ASCE benchmark problem. Multiple MR dampers are assumed to be installed in the 76-story building. Genetic algorithm is applied to determine the optimal locations and capacities of the MR dampers. Clipped optimal controller is designed to control the MR dampers based on the acceleration feedback. To verify the robustness with respect to the variation of the external wind force, several cases with different wind forces are considered in the numerical simulation. Simulation results show that the semi-actively controlled MR dampers can effectively reduce both the peak and RMS responses the tall building under various wind force conditions. The control performance of the MR dampers for wind is found to be fairly similar to the performance of an active tuned mass damper.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.389-404
• /
• 2019

In coastal regions, it is common to witness significant damages on low-rise buildings caused by hurricanes and other extreme wind events. These damages start at high pressure zones or weak building components, and then cascade to other building parts. The state-of-the-art in experimental and numerical aerodynamic load evaluation is to assume buildings with intact envelopes where wind acts only on the external walls and correct for internal pressure through separate aerodynamic studies. This approach fails to explain the effect of openings on (i) the external pressure, (ii) internal partition walls; and (iii) the load sharing between internal and external walls. During extreme events, non-structural components (e.g., windows, doors or rooftiles) could fail allowing the wind flow to enter the building, which can subject the internal walls to lateral loads that potentially can exceed their load capacities. Internal walls are typically designed for lower capacities compared to external walls. In the present work, an anticipated damage development scenario is modelled for a four-story building with a stepped gable roof. LES is used to examine the change in the internal and external wind flows for different level of assumed damages (starting from an intact building up to a case with failure in most windows and doors are observed). This study demonstrates that damages in non-structural components can increase the wind risk on the structural elements due to changes in the loading patterns. It also highlights the load sharing mechanisms in low rise buildings.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.451-455
• /
• 2003

Major concern in modern industry is how to reduce the time and cost for product efficient production. Among many mechanical parts of a satellite, bracket plays an important role to support the load when the satellite is launched to space. so enough strength and stiffness. A designer could add unnecessary material and strength it so as not to fail when it used. But if mechanical part of satellite is over-designed, cost will rise and it also goes against to the aim of lightness. To achieve lightness and enough strength and stiffness, optimization algorithm should be introduced in design process. In this study, conceptual design of bracket is carried out to increase the performance of satellite. Some parameter which could change the weight of this part are selected as design variables. Total weight of bracket is to be minimized while displacement and stress should not exceed limit. Size optimization is done with 3D solid element and PLBA, the RQP algorithm. The weight of 0.262kg of initial model is reduced to 0.241kg after optimization process, so 9.8% of weight reduction is obtained.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2021

This study aims to analyze working hours of sprinkler heads when a fire occurs at an indoor gymnasium while sprinkler heads are installed in division of standard response type, special response type, and earlier response type. The fire scenario was designed under the assumption that the fire started from overheating of a heater in the indoor gymnasium has transferred on to a couch to spread. The analysis on the operation time of the standard response type sprinkler head, the special response type sprinkler head and the early response sprinkler head was conducted. The result showed that, in case of fire in a gymnasium, the time for opening of the heat sensor due to the heat from the fire varies by the type of the sprinkler head. When a special response type sprinkler is installed, it worked below the assessment standards. When an early response sprinkler head is installed, it worked appropriately according to assessment standards. Based on the results, we found that sprinkler heads will work properly when installed according to design relevant to laws and regulations. This means that there is a limit in installation of sprinkler heads based on the existing law-based design as for indoor gymnasiums. Again, we conclude that if sprinkler heads are installed based on design made through laws and regulations, more time will be needed for operation, making it highly likely to fail to stop a fire at an earlier point of time.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 2004

In this paper, fault tolerant mechanisms are presented for a servo manipulator system designed to operate in a hot cell. A hot cell is a sealed and shielded room to handle radioactive materials, and it is dangerous for people to work in the hot cell. So, remote operations are necessary to handle the radioactive materials in the hot cell. KAERI has developed a servo manipulator system to perform such remote operations. However, since electric components such as servo motors may fail by radiation, fault tolerant mechanisms have to be considered. For fault tolerance of the servo manipulator system, duplication mechanism increasing the reliability of the transport's driving motors and reconfiguration algorithm accommodating the slave's motor failure have been presented. The reconfiguration algorithm recovering the end effector's motion in spite of one motor's failure is based on control allocation redistributing redundant axes. The constrained optimization method and pseudo inverse method have been adopted for control allocation. Simulation examples and real test results have been presented to verify the Proposed methods.