• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.7-27
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• 2006

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influenced the construction of London Eye which was led by private groups, including characteristics in progress, differentiated value in design, the combination of technology and design, and construction costs. The results of this study were the followings. 1) London Eye provides a new construction method for a landmark in the downtown in that the architects became the clients of the project which might have been hoarded, procuring the construction costs and completing it by themselves. 2) London Eye presents a space utilization method where undeveloped spaces in the downtown are used in three-dimensions by erecting a structure on the river with a minimum land. 3) The process of design, production and erection is propelled the realization of technical intention design with one system and from at the initial stage, the participation of the engineer where the designer is equal with you must accompany. 4) London Eye is endowed with strong shape by a circle in design concept, which is the simplest geometrical figure, and it provides organic relationship between the past and the present by utilizing historical elements in various ways. 5) The construction was completed through four phases including idea phase, promotion phase, turn-key contract phase, and design-build phase. The most critical factor to the success is derived from the direct contact with Involved companies from the production phase. 6) In a project facing many challenges in terms of technology, the design-build method proves to be a more effective method than turn-key contract in that it may more allocate risks and enable coherent implementation of the core concept in design. The organization for the design-build method was composed of three phases including general affairs, responsible contracting by sector, and cooperative system by sector. Since that was a new concept structure, high-level contractors who hadn't had existing cooperative relationships with one another formed new cooperative relationship, while collaborating companies who had long cooperated led the responsible contracting and sub-cooperative system, which resulted in reduction of risks and time. 7) The major factors to change design were the design characteristics, derived from a technically great combination, and the opening time. 8) A new erection method was applied to London Eye, a structure that overcame the limitation in land and period, and the process of installation demonstrated that it is an important value for the construction of a landmark in the city. 9) In spite of many visitors and tremendous operational income, the factors that London Eye fails to free itself from debts include the construction costs expended double than expected, and interest burden to the investments, which occurred in the course of procuring the costs. Absolute limit in time increased the construction costs, resulting in being a great obstacle in the course of operation.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2016

최근 신재생 에너지 중 하나인 풍력발전에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 풍력발전은 토지구입비, 소음문제에 자유로운 해상풍력으로 추세가 옮겨가고 있으며 이를 위한 연구개발이 전 세계적으로 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 해상에 위치한 풍력발전을 위한 설계기준은 국내, 국외 모두 없는 실정이다. 이 점을 고려하여 국내, 국외의 구조설계기준인 도로교 설계기준, 항만 및 어항 설계기준, DNV OS를 참고하여 다중 파일기초 콘크리트 지지구조물(MCF)의 내진해석을 수행하여 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 시간에 의한 효과를 확인하기 위하여 시간이력 해석 또한 수행되었다. 부가질량법(Added-mass method)을 사용하여 물과 구조의 상호작용을 고려하였고 물의 유무에 따라 구조물의 반응을 비교하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2001

가새형 소성 감쇠기는 에너지 소산 이력거동을 통해 강한 지진하중을 받는 구조물의 구조적 손상을 방지하거나 감소시킨다. 본 연구에서는 성능수준 만족을 위한 가새형 소성 금비기의 직접적인 설계 방법을 개발하였다. 많은 해석 시간이 요구되는 비선형 동적 시간이력해석 대신 비선형 정적해석법인 능력스펙트럼법을 이용하여 주어진 성능을 만족하기 위하여 필요한 유효 감쇠비를 구한 후 이를 이용하여 가새형 소성 감쇠기의 크기를 구하였다. 각 설계변수의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 단자유도계에서 구조물의 주기, 요구되는 탄성강도에 대한 항복강도의 비, 항목 후 강성비, 가새형 소성 감쇠기의 항복응력 등을 변수로 하여 해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안된 방법을 5층과 10층 건물에 적용하여 검증하였다. 시간이력해석 결과, 제안된 방법에 따라 설계된 가새형 소성 감쇠기를 설치한 예제 구조물의 최대응답은 주어진 목표변위와 잘 일치하였다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2014

The meanings of colors vary with time and space. For the most important events in a person's life, such as wedding or funeral, people use color to symbolize their identities or roles. Traditionally, the colors of dress had indicated the wearer's age, class, or marital status in Korea. However, Korea's exposure to western cultures has affected in many dimensions of its modern history. Especially, influenced by social change, the traditional dress has undergone many modifications in forms, silhouettes, materials, and color. However, women's mourning dress has been maintained as a long lasting tradition and the use of white in mourning dress has been regarded as a norm until recently, while men have worn a regular black suit with a black tie. But, the shift from white to black in mourning dress has been observed in recent mourning practices. To examine this change of color in Korean traditional mourning dress, a historical approach utilizing multiple resources, such as interview, observations of events, documents, and archival records was applied.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2006

Digital CAD models are one of the most important assets the manufacturer holds. The trend toward concurrent engineering and outsourcing in the distributed development and manufacturing environment has elevated the importance of high quality CAD model and its efficient exchange. But designers have spent a great deal of their time repairing CAD model errors. Most of those poor quality models may be due to designer errors caused by poor or incorrect CAD data generation practices. In this paper, we propose a rule-based approach for healing CAD model errors. The proposed approach focuses on the design history data representation from a commercial CAD model, and the procedural method for building knowledge base to heal CAD model. Through the use of rule-based approach, a CAD model healing system can be implemented, and experiments are carried out on automobile part models.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.513-524
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to trace the development of Chintz pattern design through fashion history, and to focus on its application in modern times with special emphasis on filtered Chintz patterns. Chintz patterns use such motives as tree, animal, bird, and geometrical shapes, etc.. It reached the peak of its popularity with William Morris. His influence continued from the end of the 19th century through to the 20th century. Modern Chintz designs have been modified and diversified in different cultures through time, and such diversification & changes can be easily found in modern fashion. From previous studies and other related sources, we found that Chintz patterns were revived in modern fashion trends with some modification. We also discovered the importance of chintz pattern designs in ethnic and retro trends. Thus in conclusion, this study revealed the significance, flexibility, and lasting popularity of Chintz pattern designs in fashion history.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권6호
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• pp.789-807
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• 2020

Multiple earthquakes that occur during short seismic intervals affect the inelastic behavior of the structures. Sequential ground motions against the single earthquake event cause the building structure to face loss in stiffness and its strength. Although, numerous research studies had been conducted in this research area but still significant limitations exist such as: 1) use of traditional design procedure which usually considers single seismic excitation; 2) selecting a seismic excitation data based on earthquake events occurred at another place and time. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of successive ground motions on the framed structures. The objective of this study is to overcome the aforementioned limitations through testing a two storey RC building structural model scaled down to 1/10 ratio through a similitude relation. The scaled model is examined using a shaking table. Thereafter, the experimental model results are validated with simulated results using ETABS software. The test framed specimen is subjected to sequential five artificial and four real-time earthquake motions. Dynamic response history analysis has been conducted to investigate the i) observed response and crack pattern; ii) maximum displacement; iii) residual displacement; iv) Interstorey drift ratio and damage limitation. The results of the study conclude that the low-rise building model has ability to resist successive artificial ground motion from its strength. Sequential artificial ground motions cause the framed structure to displace each storey twice in correlation with vary first artificial seismic vibration. The displacement parameters showed that real-time successive ground motions have a limited impact on the low-rise reinforced concrete model. The finding shows that traditional seismic design EC8 requires to reconsider the traditional design procedure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.281-295
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• 2016

This paper presents a study on a non-seismically designed reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure. The structure was a existing three-story office building constructed according to the 1990s practice in Vietnam. The 1/3 scaled down versions of structure was tested on a shake table to investigate the seismic performance of this type of construction. It was found that the inter-story drift and the overall behavior of structure meet the requirements of the actual seismic design codes. Then, nonlinear time history analyses are carried out using the fiber beam- column elements. The comparison between the experimental and simulation results shows the performance of the time history analysis models.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.732-737
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• 2005

This paper performed pseudo static analysis and dynamic analysis for CFRD and evaluated reliability with the results of Shaking Table Test. The Seismic coefficient method, modified seismic coefficient method, Newmark method of Pseudo static analysis and frequency domain response analysis, time domain history analysis of dynamic analysis were used. The analysis results were differ between analysis method, but the trends of acceleration and displacement were good agreement with the results of shaking table test.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.696-699
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• 2004

Generally, the time history analysis among seismic response analyses of a structure needs more times than static analysis. Therefore the mechanical model of a structure has been used as a simple lumped parameter model in time history analysis. For the most cases, the simple mechanical model shows the similar results to that of detailed finite element model. so it is reasonable to use the simple mode] in preliminary analysis. In seismic design of liquid storage tank, such as LNG storage tank, the lumped parameter mode] also is being used in preliminary analysis, however sometimes shows the differences to the results of detailed finite element model. Therefore in this study, the dynamic characteristics between lumped parameter model and detailed finite model is compared for the variables such as height/diameter of liquid-storage tank and thickness of wall, then the applicability of beam mode] to the seismic response analysis are evaluated for some liquid storage tanks.