• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2021

In Korea, the concentration of cities has led to the high-rise and deep-rise of buildings. In the case of such high-rise buildings, there is a high risk of fire, and the number of internal fires expanding to the outside continues to increase. The Korean Building Act continues to change the ban on combustible exterior materials, and combustible exterior materials are currently not available for buildings with three stories or more than 9 meters, and detailed test standards for finishing materials are also strengthened after the Ulsan residential and commercial fires in 2020. However, the path of fire in the actual building is through a series of processes in which the fire in the compartment grows internally and expands through openings supplied with ventilation factors. Therefore, other than just external materials, design criteria for embedded materials also need to be established. The purpose of this study is to compare standards for internal and external materials at home and abroad and to secure basic data for fire safety design of buildings based on them.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.737-745
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• 2023

This paper discusses a study on developing an artificial intelligence model to detect incidents of fires in distribution switchboard using thermal images. The objective of the research is to preprocess collected thermal images into suitable data for object detection models and design a model capable of determining the occurrence of fires within distribution panels. The study utilizes thermal image data from AI-HUB's industrial complex for training. Two CNN-based deep learning object detection algorithms, namely Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet, are employed to construct models. The paper compares and analyzes these two models, ultimately proposing the optimal model for the task.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2018

In this study, the prediction performance of design fire curves (DF) was evaluated for gas fires in a compartment by using CFAST. The CFAST simulations adopted the 2-stage DF suggested by the previous study and the Quadratic and Exponential DF suggested by Ingason. It was found by comparing the simulation and experimental results that the overall prediction performance of the design fire cures for the spatially-averaged temperature and concentrations of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ was, from the most reasonable to the most inaccurate, 2-stage DF > Quadratic DF > Exponential DF. The CFAST simulation could not predict for the difference in the spatially-averaged temperature and concentrations of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ at door and inner side locations in a compartment. The CFAST simulations also showed a limitation in the prediction of the spatially-averaged temperature at lower layer and the concentration of CO.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

The University library is a reality where facilities can be a massive upset by the space of students to study space and book materials. Also, many print materials can cause fires quickly in fires, resulting in massive amounts of human casualties caused by many toxic gases. This study purpose is compares the time spent in the evacuation of the current state through the simulation, which seeks to derive a reasonable library of evacuation design, and improved inside the evacuation. As a result, the most obvious way to reduce the time required to evacuate is to diversify the evacuation routes and to disperse them. However, if the extension of the gate is not feasible, it is possible to reduce the time of escape by increasing the width of the gate and the width of the stair. If the results of this study are applied to new construction or remodeling of the library and prepare for fire evacuation, it will be a much safer library facility.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.118-122
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• 2010

The study presents a standard time-temperature curve to evaluate the fire performance of subway tunnel structures. The central subway section is 135km long in Korea, the fourth longest in the world. The number of subway tunnels has been increasing rapidly and fire risk is proportional to the tunnel length. However, an adequate time-temperature curve for subway tunnel fires does not exist. Therefore, we studied a proposed foreign fire design model for which the heat rate is based on the traffic, and we present an appropriate time-temperature curve for Korean subway tunnels. The ISO 834 curve was used as a fire design model and the temperature distribution in the tunnel was estimated using numerical analysis. This led to a proposal for effective measures against subway tunnel fires.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2020

Explosions and fires on offshore drilling units and process plants, which cause loss of life and environmental damage, have been studied extensively. However, research on drilling units increased only after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico. A major reason for explosions and fires on a drilling unit is blowout, which is caused by a failure to control the high temperatures and pressures upstream of the offshore underwater well. The area susceptible to explosion and fire due to blowout is the drill floor, which supports the main drilling system. Structural instability and collapse of the drill floor can threaten the structural integrity of the entire unit. This study simulates the behavior of fire subsequent to blowout and assesses the thermal load. A heat transfer structure analysis of the drill floor was carried out using the assessed thermal load, and the risk was noted. In order to maintain the structural integrity of the drill floor, passive fire protection of certain areas was recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The longest tunnel has been halted at Daekwanryung by the failure of the host country of the Winter Olympiad in 2014, but modern High-Power TBM will come to Korea to excavate these long tunnels to establish the better horizontal connection between the western and eastern countries to improve the strong powerful logistic strategy of Korean peninsula. Train operation provides a key function of air movements in a long underground tunnel, and heat generation from transit vehicles may account of the most heat release to the ventilation and emergency systems. This paper indicates the optimal fire suppress services and safety provision for the long railway tunnel which is designed twin tunnel with length 22km in Gangwon province of Korea. The design of the fire-fighting systems and emergency were prepared by the operation of the famous long-railway tunnels as well as the severe lessons from the real fires in domestic and overseas experiences. Designers should concentrate the optimal solution for passenger's safety at the emergency state when tunnel fires, train crush accidents, derailment, and etc. The optimal fire-extinguishing facilities for long railway tunnels are presented for better safety of the comfortable operation in this hard rock tunnel of eastern mountains side of Korea. Since year 1900, hard rock tunnel construction has been launched for railway tunnels in Korea, tunnels have been built for various purposes not only for infrastructure tunnels including roadway, railway, subway, and but also for water and power supply, for deposit food, waste, and oils etc. Most favorable railway tunnel system was discussed in details; twin tunnels, distance of cross passage, ventilation systems, for the comfortable train operations in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.102-103
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• 2021

In Korea, starting with the Busan residential-commercial fire in 2010, the frequency of fire expansion in high-rise buildings has been continuously increasing. In the case of such large-scale fires, most of the fires generated from the inside tend to expand to the upper floors by riding the exterior material or exterior wall panels through the process of being ejected to the outside. It has been revised so that combustible exterior materials cannot be used in buildings. However, due to the legal fluoride level, the fire risk of high-rise buildings is still high, such as the case of a 33-story residential-commercial fire in Ulsan. In order to prevent such fire expansion, it is considered that it is necessary to first understand the nature of the fire occurring inside and the mechanism of the fire expansion in the upper floor. The purpose of this study is to propose improvements in domestic fire safety design through a review of existing literature to prevent fire expansion of high-rise buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

Social welfare facilities are used by a wide range of local residents, including vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and people with disabilities. During emergencies like fires, confusion can arise as these individuals try to evacuate. Evacuation simulation results have shown that utilizing evacuation systems based on specific evacuation scenarios can significantly decrease the time required for evacuation compared to general evacuation procedures. By anticipating potential fires based on changes in social and facility environments, appropriate evacuation scenarios can be developed and applied to evacuation systems, thus contributing to the safety and security of individuals during emergencies. In conclusion, for social welfare facilities that serve a large number of people, it is necessary to expand the focus on performance-based design depending on the size of the facility, and to continuously develop and train for appropriate evacuation scenarios that align with changing facility environments.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.445-447
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• 2008

The CCTV systems is the most extensively used for a burglar proof, a crime prevention and a Prevention forest fires etc. The CCTV systems which is used in present is a PAN/TILT form. We want to control of CCTV systems motion by Up/Down, Left/Right, Zoom In/Out, Focus, TELE. We design a 8051 microcontroller board and a Key Controller and a Relay Controller. We conformed its feasibility through the simulation.