• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.774-779
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• 2015

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a large-scale qualitative spatial reasoner using Apache Spark, an in-memory high speed cluster computing environment, which is effective for sequencing and iterating component reasoning jobs. The proposed reasoner can not only check the integrity of a large-scale spatial knowledge base representing topological and directional relationships between spatial objects, but also expand the given knowledge base by deriving new facts in highly efficient ways. In general, qualitative reasoning on topological and directional relationships between spatial objects includes a number of composition operations on every possible pair of disjunctive relations. The proposed reasoner enhances computational efficiency by determining the minimal set of disjunctive relations for spatial reasoning and then reducing the size of the composition table to include only that set. Additionally, in order to improve performance, the proposed reasoner is designed to minimize disk I/Os during distributed reasoning jobs, which are performed on a Hadoop cluster system. In experiments with both artificial and real spatial knowledge bases, the proposed Spark-based spatial reasoner showed higher performance than the existing MapReduce-based one.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.459-466
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• 2007

TCP/IP processing imposes a heavy load on the host CPU when it is processed by the host CPU on a very high-speed network. Recently the TCP/IP Offload Engine (TOE), which processes TCP/IP on a network adapter instead of the host CPU, has become an attractive solution to reduce the load in the host CPU. There have been two approaches to implement TOE. One is the software TOE in which TCP/IP is processed by an embedded processor and the other is the hardware TOE in which TCP/IP is processed by a dedicated ASIC. The software TOE has poor performance and the hardware TOE is neither flexible nor expandable enough to add new features. In this paper we designed and implemented a hybrid TOE architecture, in which TCP/IP is processed by cooperation of hardware and software, based on an FPGA that has two embedded processor cores. The hybrid TOE can have high performance by processing time-critical operations such as making and processing data packets in hardware. The software based on the embedded Linux performs operations that are not time-critical such as connection establishment, flow control and congestions, thus the hybrid TOE can have enough flexibility and expandability. To improve the performance of the hybrid TOE, we developed a hardware-based transmission/reception accelerator that processes important operations such as creating data packets. In the experiments the hybrid TOE shows the minimum latency of about $19{\mu}s$. The CPU utilization of the hybrid TOE is below 6 % and the maximum bandwidth of the hybrid TOE is about 675 Mbps.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7292-7301
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• 2014

With the development of IT Info-Communications technology, the vehicle with a combination of wireless-communication technology has resulted in significant research into the convergence of the component of existing traffic with information, electronics and communication technology. Intelligent Vehicle Communication is a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) concept of the Vehicle-to-Vehicle. The Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication consists of safety and the ease of transportation. Security technologies must precede the effective Intelligent Vehicle Communication Structure, unlike the existing internet environment, where high-speed vehicle communication is with the security threats of a wireless communication environment and can receive unusual vehicle messages. In this paper, the Vehicle Identification number between the V2I and the secure message communication protocol was proposed using hash functions and a time stamp, and the validity of the vehicle was assessed. The proposed system was the performance evaluation section compared to the conventional technique at a rate VPKI aspect showed an approximate 44% reduction. The safety, including authentication, confidentiality, and privacy threats, were analyzed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.681-698
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• 2020

The paper addresses contribution to the modeling and optimization of major machinability parameters (cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear) in finish dry hard turning (FDHT) for machinability evaluation of hardened AISI grade die steel D₃ with PVD-TiN coated (Al₂O₃-TiCN) mixed ceramic tool insert. The turning trials are performed based on Taguchi's L₁₈ orthogonal array design of experiments for the development of regression model as well as adequate model prediction by considering tool approach angle, nose radius, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as major machining parameters. The models or correlations are developed by employing multiple regression analysis (MRA). In addition, statistical technique (response surface methodology) followed by computational approaches (genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization) have been employed for multiple response optimization. Thereafter, the effectiveness of proposed three (RSM, GA, PSO) optimization techniques are evaluated by confirmation test and subsequently the best optimization results have been used for estimation of energy consumption which includes savings of carbon footprint towards green machining and for tool life estimation followed by cost analysis to justify the economic feasibility of PVD-TiN coated Al₂O₃+TiCN mixed ceramic tool in FDHT operation. Finally, estimation of energy savings, economic analysis, and sustainability assessment are performed by employing carbon footprint analysis, Gilbert approach, and Pugh matrix, respectively. Novelty aspects, the present work: (i) contributes to practical industrial application of finish hard turning for the shaft and die makers to select the optimum cutting conditions in a range of hardness of 45-60 HRC, (ii) demonstrates the replacement of expensive, time-consuming conventional cylindrical grinding process and proposes the alternative of costlier CBN tool by utilizing ceramic tool in hard turning processes considering technological, economical and ecological aspects, which are helpful and efficient from industrial point of view, (iii) provides environment friendliness, cleaner production for machining of hardened steels, (iv) helps to improve the desirable machinability characteristics, and (v) serves as a knowledge for the development of a common language for sustainable manufacturing in both research field and industrial practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2005

A marine environmental information system (MEIS) useful for optimal route planning of ships running in the ocean was developed. Utilizing the simulated marine environmental data produced by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts based on global environmental data observed by satellites, the real-time forecast and long-term statistics of marine environments around planned and probable ship routes are provided. The MEIS consists of a land-based data acquisition and analysis system(MEIS-Center) and a onboard information display system(MEIS-Ship) for graphic description of marine information and optimal route planning of ships. Also, it uses of satellite communication system for data transfer. The marine environmental components of winds, waves, air pressures and storms are provided, in which winds are described by speed and direction and waves are expressed in terms of height, direction and period for both of wind waves and swells. The real-time information is characterized by 0.5° resolution, 10 day forecast in 6 hour interval and daily update. The statistic information of monthly average and maximum value expected for a return period is featured by 1.5° resolution and based on 15 year database. The MEIS-Ship include an editing tool for route simulation and the forecasting and statistic information on planned routes can be displayed in graph or table. The MEIS enables for navigators to design an optimal navigational route that minimizes probable risk and operational cost.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to verify the construct of the service quality suitable to the characteristics of the business center, to develop the scale that can measure the service quality objectively, compare the diverse business centers in Korea, and present desirable methods of business center management and operation. Research design, data, and methodology - In the first stage, literature research and focus group interviews with current users and actual business experts of business centers were conducted. In addition, 69 early stage scale items were derived. In the second stage, a Delphi survey was conducted on the experts of business and academic circles. The measurement items in the early stage were supplemented and revised. The content validity rate (CVR) of 69 measures was computed and then the experts' opinions were used. As a result, the business center service quality scale, made up of 9 organizing factors and 36 measurement items, was constructed. In the third stage, a survey was conducted on the occupants who were currently using the business center. It was to confirm if the developed business center service quality scale could be actually utilized. The data of 435 samples collected were used. To refine the scale items, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted repeatedly. Results - The business center service quality scale, made up of 8 factors and 33 items, was developed again. The 8 factors are reliability, speed, kindness, specialty, responsibility, appearance, convenience, and public interest. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of each factor is greater than .7. Thus, it was confirmed that there was reliability in the measurement items. Further, the model suitability was verified using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the convergent validity and the discriminant validity were verified. This proved the construct validity. Through this process, the Korea Business Center Service Quality Scale was developed. Based on factor analysis, the developed business center service quality (BCSQ) scale consists of 4 aspects, 8 factors, and 33 items, comprising the "process quality" aspect: reliability (3 items), speediness (4 items), kindness (3 items) factors, the outcome quality aspect: expertise (3 items), responsibility (5 items) factors, the environment quality aspect: appearance (5 items), convenience (3 items) factors, and the public interest aspect: public interest (7 items) factor. However, according to CFA, the BCSQ scale consists of a total of 4 aspects, 8 factors, and 33 items, comprising the "process quality" aspect: reliability (3 items), speediness (3 items), kindness (3 items) factors, the outcome quality aspect: expertise (2 items), responsibility (4 items) factors, the environment quality aspect: appearance (3 items), convenience (2 items) factors, and the public interest aspect: public interest (3 items) factor. Conclusions - The BCSQ scale could serve as a diagnostic tool that will allow business center managers to determine service areas that are weak and in need of attention, and to improve the service quality of the business center.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1496-1506
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• 2007

The environment of web service has changed a great deal due to the progress of internet technology and positive participation of users. The established web service is static and passive, but the recent web service is becoming dynamic and active. Web 2.0 reflects current web service change well. The primary feature of web 2.0 is positive participation of users. Since the size of generated information is becoming larger, it is highly required to share the information fast and correctly. The technology to satisfy this need is web syndication and tagging in web 2.0. The web syndication makes feeds for another site or users to receive the content of web site. In addition, the tagging is the kernel of a information. Many internet users share rapidly the information through tag search. In this paper, we propose the efficient technique to improve the web 2.0 technology such as web syndication and tagging by using the data collection engine. Data collection engine has stored in a database, a user's Web site to use the information. and it has a user's Web site with access to updated data to collect. The experimental results show that our approach can improve the search speed up to 3.14 times better than the existing method and reduce the size of data up to 66% for building associated tags.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1460-1471
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• 2007

A 3-Dimensional engine in a mobile embedded device is divided into a C-based OpenGL/ES and a Java-based JSR184 which interprets and executes a byte code in a real-time. In these two standards, the JSR184 supporting Java objects uses more processor resources than an OpenGL/ES and thus has a constraint when it is used in an embedded device with a limited computing power. On the other hand, 3-Dimensional contents employed in existing personal computer are created by utilizing advantages of Java and secured numerous users in European market, due to the good quality in contents and extensive service in a commercial network, GSM. Because of the reason, a mobile embedded device used in a GSM network needs a JSR184 which can provide an existing Java-based 3-Dimensional contents without extra conversion processes, but the current version of Java-based 3-Dimensional engine has drawbacks in application to commercial products because it requires more computing power than the mobile embedded device. This paper proposes a binding technique with the advantages of Java objects to improve a processing speed of 3-Dimensional contents in limited resources of a mobile embedded device. The technique supports a JSR184 standard interface in the upper layer to utilize 3-Dimensional contents using Java, employs a different code-conversion language, KNI(Kilo Native Interface), in the middle layer to interface between OpenGL/ES and JSR184, and embodies an OpenGL/ES standard in the lower layer. The validity of the binding technique is demonstrated through a simulator and a FPGA embedding an ARM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.357-364
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• 2000

기존의 웹 디자인은 웹이라는 매체의 특성 상 디자인적인 요소가 매우 중요함에도 불구하고 디자인은 위한 구체적인 방법론이 미약하다. 특히, 많은 소비자들을 유인하고 구매를 촉발시켜야 하는 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 경우에는 더욱 더 그럼하에도 불구하고 이를 위한 전략적인 방법론이 부족하다. 즉, 기존 연구들은 제품의 다양성, 서비스, 촉진, 항해량, 편리성, 사용자 인터페이스 등이 중요하다고 하였지만 실제 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 디자인하는 입장에서는 활용하기가 상당히 애매하다. 그 이유는 이들 요인들은 서로 영향관계를 가지고 있어서 사용자 인터페이스가 복잡하면 항해량이 늘어나 편리성이 감소하고, 제품이 늘어나더라도 검색엔진을 사용하면 상대적으로 항해량이 감소하게 되어 편리성이 증가한다. 따라서, 이들 요인을 활용하여 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 구축하려면 요인간의 영향관계를 면밀히 파악하고 이 영향요인이 소비자의 구매행동에 어떠한 영향을 주는지가 충분히 검토되어야 한다.이에 본 연구에서는 퍼지인식도를 이용하여 인터넷 쇼핑몰 상에서 소비자의 구매행동에 영향을 주는 요인을 추출하고 이들 요인간의 인과관계를 도출하여 보다 구체적이고 전략적으로 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 디자인할 수 있는 방법으로 web-Cogmulator를 제시한다. Web-Cogmulator는 소비자의 쇼핑몰에 대한 암묵지식 형태의 구매행동을 형태지식화하여 지식베이스 형태로 가지고 있기 때문에 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 다양한 요인의 변화에 따른 소비자의 구매행동을 추론 시뮬레이션하는 것이 가능하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기본적인 인터넷 쇼핑몰 시나리오를 바탕으로 추론 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 Web-Cogmulator의 유용성을 검증하였다.를, 지지도(support), 신뢰도(confidence), 리프트(lift), 컨빅션(conviction)등의 관계를 통해 다양한 방법으로 모색해본다. 이 연구에서 제안하는 이러한 개념계층상의 흥미로운 부분의 탐색은, 전자 상거래에서의 CRM(Customer Relationship Management)나 틈새시장(niche market) 마케팅 등에 적용가능하리라 여겨진다.선의 효과가 나타났다. 표본기업들을 훈련과 시험용으로 구분하여 분석한 결과는 전체적으로 재무/비재무적 지표를 고려한 인공신경망기법의 예측적중률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 로지스틱회귀 분석의 재무적 지표모형은 훈련, 시험용이 84.45%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 84.45%, 85.08%로서 거의 동일한 예측적중률을 가졌으나 인공신경망기법 분석에서는 재무적 지표모형이 92.23%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형에서는 91.12%, 88.06%로서 향상된 예측적중률을 나타내었다.ting LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is the number of recycled data buffer without complexity of computati

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.284-287
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• 2000

Recently, developing medical devices have a tendency becoming the module for satisfying user's mutual complex needs. Because the most effective method for the observation of patients condition a diagnosis and a treatment is collecting data from various devices and controling operation following it. Module tendency is more popular due to manage easily totally many individual systems. This study implemented communication protocol to control by one control system connecting modular medical devices. Implemented system consist of one master module controlling all module and managing communication and many Slave modules. Communication between each modules introduced SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface) among many synchronous serial communication methods for the exact transmission and receipt of data. All communication executes by packet format. This can detect error. And, this protocol introduced PNP(Plug And Play) function that auto-detect connecting or removing module during running. This protocol exactly transmitted and received in faster speed more than 1Mbps. And in practical application to the ventilator this confirmed to give and take real-time data. And various functions by th central control system is implemented in this protocol.