• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.53-72
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• 2004

Today we are observing a lot of injuries, casualties, and property losses that are mainly caused by the defects of products. In order to derive safety designs, which minimize the possibility of such product liability-related accidents, we need to take into account the user-product interaction as an important part of the danger factor analysis. Existing risk analysis techniques, however, have some limitations in detecting comprehensive danger factors that are peculiarly involved in human errors and the functional defects of products. Researches on danger factor analysis regarding the user-product interaction have been carried out actively in ergonomics. In this paper, we suggest a novel product risk analysis technique, which is more objective and systematic compared to the previous ones, by combining a modified TAFEI (Task Analysis For Error Identification) technique with SASA (Systematic Approach to Accident Scenario Analysis) technique. By applying this technique to the product design practice in industry, corporations will be able to improve the product safety, consequently strengthening the competitiveness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.545-553
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyse consumer injury and to find current status of industrial consumer injury in the field of consumer product. Also the subject under analysis is to develop a design guidance for the consumer product safety. we used consulting data of Korea Consumer Protection Board, Korea Product Liability Consulting Center and referred to statistic data of Korea National Statistical Office. Consumer injury data of Korea is insufficient comparing with leading industrialized nations. Therefore, we categorized hazard factors based on current injury data in Korea instead of analysing injury data statistically. And we analyse the hazard factors using the analytic hierarchy process in this study. Through the results, we defined the Consumer Injury Index(CII) to develop a design guidance for the consumer product safety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2008

It is important to manage quality and safety of a product for coping with fast-paced world effectively. This paper demonstrates an integrated model between ISO 9001 Quality Management System and Product Safety Management System. And the paper presents a method which decides key performance indicators (KPI) to be concentrated on the effectiveness of system operation. A case study shows an process for industry to implement the developed methodology.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

Purpose: The research aims to investigate the development of market distribution through digital marketing transformation trends with the support of universities. This development strategy is to maximize sales turnover of limited liability companies' typical traditional beverage products. Research design, data, and methodology: The research design uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data were obtained by participatory observation, in-depth interviews, FGDs, and documentation. Results: The result shows that the partner's traditional product market distribution strategy has been carried out by adopting science and technology and expertise possessed by partner universities. Universities that are Partners have benefited from the implementation of the Independent Campus program. Conclusions: The conclusion from the findings is that business actors must collaborate with universities through the Kedaireka Matchmaking Fund Program. The collaboration will create the right strategy development for the business. The government needs to provide more access to finance in the future. The hope is that the traditional beverage industry and higher education can realize the ease of synergy contributing to national development and the vision of the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture's independent campus.

• Architectural research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

Architects are facing increasing risks that result from heightened expectations of benefits and performance when designing green buildings compared to traditional buildings. This study aims to explore the possible risk factors for architects in green building projects in South Korea and assess risk mitigation measures. To attain this goal, 14 risk factors and 12 mitigation measures were determined through an extensive literature review. A questionnaire was administered to architects practicing green building design and criticality index was employed to assess major risk factors and mitigation measures. This study identified 'adoption of new technology and process', 'green building certification results', 'building products and materials', and 'energy saving uncertainty' as the major risk factors of green building projects. Additionally, the questionnaire proposed 'contract indicating each party's role, liability, and limitations clearly', 'utilizing integrated design process', and 'understanding client's goal in green building projects' as the three most effective risk mitigation measures in designing green buildings. There are few studies that focus on architects' perceived risks concerning green building projects; this study contributes to a deeper knowledge and attempts to fill the current literature gap, which would benefit South Korea's green building design practice by aiding in the development of better risk management strategies.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1625-1629
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• 2009

The new paradigm called 'Low Carbon Green Growth' involved in reducing greenhouse gas is on the rise as a critical issue worldwide. The essential of Kyoto protocol issued in 1997 is to achieve the sustainable economic growth environments by converting existing production system to eco-friendly one. The protocol imposes the liability to reduce greenhouse gas to the countries joined to it. The paradigm is directly involved in the energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by construction activities. Value Engineering which are mainly applied in the design phase in practice is a measure to improve the value of a constructed facility by analyzing and/or appraising the functions and costs of it. However, an appropriate method which assesses eco-friendliness of constructed facility has not been propose by researchers. This paper proposes a method which assesses the performance involved in eco-friendliness of constructed facility using Value Engineering (VE) in the design phase. The method estimates the environmental cost relative to the amounts of energy consumption and environmental pollution occurred over the entire project life cycle. The database called "Life Cycle Inventory DB", which stores information about the amounts of environmental pollution, is used. The algorithm which retrieves the amounts of environmental pollutions from the DB and converts them into environmental costs is developed. The algorithm is implemented into a system which quantifies the eco-friendliness of constructed facility in the design phase using VE.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-158
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• 2005

When a military aircraft suffers damages due to the defects in its design, manufacturing or notification, all of which are generally understood as products liability defects, the obvious compensation is sought as it would in other consumer good case. However, there exist clear yet unappreciated difference between general consumer goods and military aircraft, as far as products liability law is concerned - some sort of recovery should be obtained even when there exist only defects, not damages, to the aircraft because of the implication of defective parts is much grave than what can be expected in a consumer goods case. While certain anticipatory measures do exist in manual or at negotiation stages for the safety of military aircraft, such measures are ineffective, if not ambiguous, in recovery effort in the post-accident stage In another word, the standardized military procurement contract manuals and boilerplate forms do not appreciate the unique and dangerous military nature of military aircraft. There are many unique legal issues which can arise when trying to prevent defective aircraft or parts, or to recover compensations for accident due to such defects. At two-level, the government should establish legal system (or countermeasures if you'd like) for purchasing safer military aircraft. First, one should be able to work with legal ground and policy that allows selecting and purchasing safer goods - the purpose of such contract is not litigious, but rather in acquiring what are most reliable. Second, in case the defects do arise and lead to damages, solid legal principles and instructions should be established for effectively pursuing appropriate company, (usually a aerospace industry giant with much experience) for products liability - the purpose of such pursuit is inevitable for a public official, since he or she is no private business man with much flexibilities, even to the point of waiving such compensatory right for future business purposes. This article tries to identify problems in methods of procuring military aircraft or parts - after reviewing on how the military can improve on legal and policy grounds for procuring what will be the focus of future military strength, it will offer some of the ways to effectively handling and resolving a liability issues.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

This paper reports the results of course restructuring employing design projects in an introductory mechanics of materials course at Pennsylvania State University. Unlike traditional lecture courses, students were encouraged to learn the rudiments of mechanical design and how materials standards, economics, manufacturing, environmental, legal (liability) and societal (safety) concerns relate to design. Through conducting collaborative design projects, the instructors helped students to acquire more advanced skills such as team-based decision making, integration and establishment of criteria, use of modern design theory, consideration of alternative solutions, and application of realistic constraints. In order to examine the impact of new course changes on students' learning, a survey was conducted in 1998 Fall semester. According to the results of survey analyses, students reported high values on this introductory mechanics of materials course. However, they did not give high values on the design projects. Rather, they preferred lecture sessions. Additionally, it was also found that students who earned higher grades from a prerequisite course(statics) showed lower values on the design projects. Implications for engineering educators and suggestions for future research studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.4 s.206
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• pp.141-159
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of warning labels of consumption goods on consumer behavior and the consumers' evaluation in order to suggest a policy of warning labels and the Product Liability Law. The following items which are somewhat risky but are used in everyday the were selected: cup noodles, one-touch can foods, washing machine, microwave range, dry cell, hydro-oxygen detergent, baby-walker, and block-toys. Data were collected from 345 respondents by internet survey with the following results. (1) The average score of the effects of warning labels on consumer behavior was so low that warning labels are not considered effective, especially in block-toys, dry cell, and baby-walker. (2) Consumers' evaluation scores on the character size, design and sticking place of warning labels were very low. Therefore an effort to make warning labels more effective is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.50-62
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• 1994

Opium, morphine and rotated natural and synthetic opiates have been used since antiquity, and to the present, for the relief of moderate and severe pain. Morphine and pharmacologically related drugs, however, produced an array of undesired or dangerous side effect that limit their use as analgesics. Prominent among the limiting side effects are constipation, respiratory depression, release of prolactin, and liability for the production of drug dependence. It was our aim to develop, if possible, a drug or class of drugs with analgesic activity similar to that of morphine, but without the serious side effects associated with morphine. Our overall strategy was to take advantage of advancing knowledge concerning multiple types of opioid receptors, to develop ligands selective for the delta type receptors, to determine whether delta receptor agonists offer advantages over mu agonists, then to design compounds with pharmacokinetic properties compatible with practical therapeutic application. All but the last of these objectives have been realized.