• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to suggest a new website measurement scale revised in accordance with the present tendency, and to test the practical use of it. The empirically current studies suggest the information, connectivity, practical function, lay - out, design, interlace, system, service as a website measurement scale. However. this study suggest a new website measurement scale including communication between internet users, platform for editing information. The test of a practical use about measurement scale progressed by a survey on computer access. A sample of 300 internet users answered the question based on a new website measurement scale. The result of this study shows that primary factors of the website measurement scale are information, user interface, website service, and communication. The influence of these factors on user's website preference changed as compared with the past. The result also shows that there is close correlation between information factor and communication factor. And the communication factor suggested on this study has effected in user's website satisfaction. Results imply that the idea of web2.0 is practically an important strategy for improving website satisfaction. And, because influence of primary factors on the website satisfaction has changed continually, strategic planning will have to be kept up.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate crime hotspot areas using the spatio-temporal cluster analysis which is possible to search simultaneously time range as well as space range as an alternative method of existing hotspot analysis only identifying crime occurrence distribution patterns in urban area. As for research method, first, crime data were collected from criminal registers provided by official police authority in M city, Gyeongnam and crime occurrence patterns were drafted on a map by using Geographic Information Systems(GIS). Second, by utilizing Ripley K-function and Space-Time Scan Statistics analysis, the spatio-temporal distribution of crime was examined. The results showed that the risk of crime was significantly clustered at relatively few places and the spatio-temporal clustered areas of crime were different from those predicted by existing spatial hotspot analysis such as kernel density analysis and k-means clustering analysis. Finally, it is expected that the results of this study can be not only utilized as a valuable reference data for establishing urban planning and crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED), but also made available for the allocation of police resources and the improvement of public security services.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.35
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• pp.1-27
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• 2014

This study is a process of studying an alternative educational model and a preceding analysis process of the study where a teaching method considering the brain function, learning and creative mechanism is applied with a perspective of effectively increasing the animation drawing ability. Recently, studies in each field of study is not simply limited to one major but are attempting to produce subdivided integrated educational contents through integrated study activities with other fields. It is because for any field, it has a complex structure of humanistic experience and this is the same for artistic fields. Especially, in the field of animation, a specialized area is subdivided so when looking only at the education related to the drawing, the items required for expertise should be clarified and the development of a systematic educational method is required. Therefore in this study, a literature study result to design the educational model suitable for professional characteristics of animation education method is proposed. The study aims to conceptualize and categorize the meaning of drawing that can refine the basic ability for education of animation field to suit the characteristics of majoring field. Afterwards, the components are derived through re-established concept of drawing and categories, and this becomes the basis for the process of materializing the study goal which is the follow-up work. As a result, the components are examined by defining the meaning of drawing as the motion drawing due to the characteristics of the picture contents field, and used as a basis for planning the educational model applied with brain scientific creative-learning principles.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.9
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• pp.25-47
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• 2006

Amongst various methods of interpreting art, a understanding of the intention of artistic creation has been traditionally considered the most essential. Hermeneutics is the typical way of approaching it. With a focus on interpretation and understanding of the object, Hermeneutics delves into methodological techniques of interpretation and understanding of the existence of art from ancient Greece to the present. Nevertheless, from the Hermeneutic viewpoint, art as the object of interpretation is not free from social conditions and tradition; for this reason, interpretation of art basically has a socio-historical aspect. The starting point of this thesis is to examine the methods of understanding art from the socio-historical viewpoint. For this purpose, I study the theory of Hermeneutics as a basic of socio-historical interpretation of art, calling for methodology I need to justify inter-dependency of the epistemological viewpoint aid the ontological viewpoint in interpretation of art. Here, I suggest 'imputation(Zurechung)' and 'cycle(Zirkel)' as methodological concepts to support interdependency of these two viewpoints in Hermeneutics. Zurechung means explanation of meaning based upon the higher standard that includes to object of interpretation, while Zirkel means perception of part in order to understand the whole and, in turn, recognition of the whole in order to understand the part. These two concepts function inter-dependently in clarifying the object of interpretation and various problems of understanding human beings derived from it in the process of interpretation. This is also a key to the explanation that the object in social condition is closely related to historical perspective.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.361-371
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• 2012

In order to improve the efficiency of the branch-and-bound method for mixed-discrete nonlinear programming, a nonuniform convergence tolerance scheme is proposed for the continuous subproblem optimizations. The suggested scheme assigns the convergence tolerances for each continuous subproblem optimization according to the maximum constraint violation obtained from the first iteration of each subproblem optimization in order to reduce the total number of function evaluations needed to reach the discrete optimal solution. The proposed tolerance scheme is integrated with five branching order options. The comparative performance test results using the ten combinations of the five branching orders and two convergence tolerance schemes show that the suggested non-uniform convergence tolerance scheme is obviously superior to the uniform one. The results also show that the branching order option using the minimum clearance difference method performed best among the five branching order options. Therefore, we recommend using the "minimum clearance difference method" for branching and the "non-uniform convergence tolerance scheme" for solving discrete optimization problems.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.3 s.15
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• pp.107-118
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• 2005

Various spatial data are utilized, through geographic information system, for the process to make a decision related to space. Generally, spatial data is large in quantity and it costs high and takes quite a long time for producing and maintaining it. An existing spatial data management system, tile-based one, for digital map manages spatial data being separated by a uniform data unit called tile. These systems can be implemented easily but have many problems such as they can directly store and manage feature included in tile. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a feature-based spatial data management system for digital map. The proposed system is able to store and manage spatial data in the unit of feature directly. Hence this system is able to immediately update any change in the data and to supply users with the updated data without any delay. The proposed system can not only support a function of data input, management, supplying and update but also support unity origin coordinate conversion, UFID creation, feature unifying, feature dividing and metadata input which is not supported by the existing tile-based system. The proposed system can easily manage spatial data and can increase efficiency in processing and application.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2000

Objectives : To evaluate the effect of low-level exposure of air pollutants on the respiratory tract of the children living near the petrochemical estate in Ulsan. Methods : The study design was cross-sectional, and the study subjects consisted of 150 children(76 boys, 74 girls) living near the petrochemical estate and 100 children(53 boys, 47 girls) living in a suburban area. We investigated respiratory health using self-administered questionnaires(ATS-DLD-78) , radiological examination, and pulmonary function test such as FVC and FEV1. Results : There were higher prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms in the children living near the petrochemical estate than the children living in a suburban area. And the results of FVC and FEV1 of 11-years old children living near the petrochemical estate were lower than those of the children living in a suburban area. Conclusions : Chronic exposure of low-level air pollutants would affect respiratory health of the children. Therefore, further a longitudinal study of respiratory health will be needed for children living near the petrochemical estate in Ulsan.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

The Government is implementing the safety measures for pedestrian in living zone to decrease the traffic accident casualties in half. It is urgently to study the guideline because it contains to make the guideline of a median strip in City to prevent the violation of central line and jaywalking on the main contents. So, this study analyzed the pedestrian accidents and the violation of central line, and studied the type of a median strip, the installation guideline through studying the minimum crossing. Consequently, this study found out that a median strip which revised the attention inducement stick to decrease jaywalking could not have the strong prevention function of a crash barrier, so if it happens separation after the collision between vehicles, it induced the secondary accidents, and could take negative effects on traffic safety. In consideration of driving safety, this study analyzed that if it installs a median stirp, it has to ensure one meter, and such a thing could prevent the separation of lane or damage of facilities. However, if it is hard to ensure the space because of narrow road width, it could install a median strip in case of installing the road surface mark 0.5m. And the installation of the attention inducement stick or a median strip on the central line could be possible to induce the violation of central line, thus it is desirable not to install only anythings but also raised pavement markers.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.967-976
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• 2010

AFDA (Approximate Full Distribution Approach) model of FORM (First-Order Reliability Model) which can quantitatively calculate the probability that storm sewer reach to performance limit state was developed in this study. It was defined as a failure if amount of inflow exceed the capacity of storm sewer. Manning's equation and rational equation were used to determine the capacity and inflow of reliability function. Furthermore, statistical characteristics and distribution for the random variables were analyzed as a reliability analysis. It was found that the statistical distribution for annual maximum rainfall intensity of 10 cities in Korea is matched well with Gumbel distribution. Reliability model developed in this study was applied to Y shaped storm sewer system to calculate the probability that storm sewer may exceed the performance limit state. Probability of failure according to diameter was calculated using Manning's equation. Especially, probability of failure of storm sewer in Mungyeong and Daejeon was calculated using rainfall intensity of 50-year return period. It was found that probability of failure can be significantly increased if diameter is decreased below the original diameter. Therefore, cleaning the debris in sewer pipes to maintain the original pipe diameter should be one of the best ways to reduce the probability of failure of storm sewer. In sewer system, two sewer pipes can flow into one sewer pipe. For this case, probability of system failure was calculated using multiple failure mode. Reliability model developed in this study can be applied to design, maintenance, management, and control of storm sewer system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 1996

The matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$ can release drugs in a controlled fashion from hydrogel with gelling and swelling due to their interaction as water penetrates the matrices of the tablet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate release characteristics of the matrix tablet varying the amount of sodium alginate, $CaHPO_4$ and other excipients such as chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS100 in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The practically soluble ibuprofen was used as a model drug. The release profiles of matrix tablet in the gastric fluid as a function of sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ ratio was not pronounced because of low solubility of drug and stability of alginate matrices. However, release rate of drug from the matrix tablet in the intestinal fluid was largely changed when sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ ratio was increased, suggesting that the ratio of sodium alginate/$CaHPO_4$ was an important factor to control the gelling and swelling of the matrix tablet. The incorporation of other excipients into the matrix tablet also influenced the release rate of drug. The chitosan and HPMC decreased the release rate of drug. No release of drug was occurred when $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS100 was added into the tablet. The retarded release of matrix tablet when excipients were added resulted from the hindrance of swelling and gelling of the matrix tablet containing sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$. The hardness and bulk density of the matrix tablet was not correlated with release rate of drug in the study. From these findings, the ratio of sodium alginate and $CaHPO_4$ in the matrix tablet in addition to incorporation of excipients could be very important to control the release rate of drug in dosage form design.