• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.216-225
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desensitizing effect of potassium oxalate(Group I), sodium fluoride (Group II), and control group (Group III). The 120 teeth of 26 patients who had been complained dentinal hypersensitivity were divided into three groups by applicating agent. The observation was done before and immediately after treatment. The data were statistically analyzed and the results were as followed. 1. Potassium oxalate showed the best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by sodium fluoride, control group, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in desensitizing effect among the groups. 2. Potassium oxalate showed the best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by sodium fluride, control group on both cervical abrasion and gingival recession, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in desensitizing effect among the groups on both cervical abrasion and gingival recession. 3. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in effect of the desensitization between cervical abrasion and gingival recession. 4. The scratch and air blast I were more effective in desensitiziation than other stimuli with significant difference (p<0.05). In view of the results mentioned above, it can be conceived that potassium oxalate is more effective than sodium fluoride on the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2023

In this investigation, we made a study of the efficacy of luteolin (a flavonoid found in plants such as vegetables, herbs and fruits) on vascular contractibility and to elucidate the mechanism underlying the relaxation. Isometric contractions of denuded muscles were stored and combined with western blot analysis which was conducted to assess the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein for myosin phosphatase (CPI-17) and to examine the effect of luteolin on the RhoA/ROCK/CPI-17 pathway. Luteolin significantly alleviated phorbol ester-, fluoride- and thromboxane mimetic-elicited contractions regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, implying its direct effect on smooth muscle. It also significantly alleviated the fluoride-elicited elevation in pCPI-17 and pMYPT1 levels and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-elicited increase in pERK1/2 level, suggesting depression of ROCK and PKC/MEK activity and ensuing phosphorylation of MYPT1, CPI-17 and ERK1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that luteolin-elicited relaxation includes myosin phosphatase reactivation and calcium desensitization, which seems to be arbitrated by CPI-17 dephosphorylation via ROCK/PKC inhibition.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the influence of galangin on vascular contractibility and to determine the mechanism underlying the relaxation. Isometric contractions of denuded aortic muscles were recorded and combined with western blot analysis which was performed to measure the phosphorylation of phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein of myosin phosphatase (CPI-17) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and to evaluate the effect of galangin on the RhoA/ROCK/CPI-17 pathway. Galangin significantly inhibited phorbol ester-, fluoride- and thromboxane mimetic-induced vasoconstrictions regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, suggesting its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle. Galangin significantly inhibited the fluoride-dependent increase in pMYPT1 and pCPI-17 levels and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-dependent increase in pERK1/2 level, suggesting repression of ROCK and MEK activity and subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1, CPI-17 and ERK1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that galangin-induced relaxation involves myosin phosphatase reactivation and calcium desensitization, which appears to be mediated by CPI-17 dephosphorylation via not PKC but ROCK inactivation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of kaempferol (a flavonoid found in plants and plant-derived foods such as kale, beans, tea, spinach and broccoli) on vascular contractibility and aimed to clarify the detailed mechanism underlying the relaxation. Isometric contractions of divested muscles were stored and linked with western blot analysis which was carried out to estimate the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein for myosin phosphatase (CPI-17) and to estimate the effect of kaempferol on the RhoA/ROCK/CPI-17 pathway. Kaempferol conspicuously impeded phorbol ester-, fluoride- and a thromboxane mimetic-derived contractions regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, indicating its direct effect on smooth muscles. It also conspicuously impeded the fluoride-derived elevation in phospho-MYPT1 rather than phospho-CPI-17 levels and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-derived increase in phospho-CPI-17 and phospho-ERK1/2 levels, suggesting the depression of PKC and MEK activities and subsequent phosphorylation of CPI-17 and ERK1/2. Taken together, these outcomes suggest that kaempferol-derived relaxation incorporates myosin phosphatase retrieval and calcium desensitization, which appear to be modulated by CPI-17 dephosphorylation mainly through PKC inactivation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.730-736
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• 1998

To elucidate whether or not innervation of purinergic nerve and functional action of $P_{2X}$-, $P_{2Y}$-purinoceptor, the neurogenic effects of perivascular nerve stimulation were investigated using by physiograph recording system in isolated coronary artery of pig. 1. The contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation (20V, 0.5msec, 20sec) were the frequency (2~64Hz) dependent manner. 2. The neurogenic contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation were inhibited by the pretreatment with either ATP or adenosine ($10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}M$). 3. The neurogenic contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation (20V, 16Hz, 0.5msec, 20sec) were increased by the pretreatment with reactive blue 2, but were not affected by the pretreatment with 8-phenyltheopylline ($10^{-5}M$). 4. The neurogenic contractile responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation (20V, 16Hz, 0.5msec, 20sec) were inhibited by the desensitization of the P2X-purinoceptor using by treatment of $10^{-5}M$, -methylene ATP as 3 times over again. The accomplished present study on isolated coronary artery of pig suggest that purinergic nerve is innervated and that the neurogenic contractile response was mediated by activation of $P_{2X}$-purinoceptor and the neurogenic relaxative response was mediated by activation of both $P_1$ and $P_{2Y}$-purinoceptor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5671-5675
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• 2012

Objective: Arrestins act as mediators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization and trafficking, also actin as a scaffold for many intracellular signaling network. The role that ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 plays in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) and its clinicopathologic significance are untouched. Methods: Fifty patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma were retrospectively enrolled and ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 was detected using immunohistochemistry in tissue samples. Results: Nuclear expression of ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 was observed in 78% of GCA samples (39/50) and cytoplasmic expression in 70% (35/50). ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 could be found in both nucleus and cytoplasm of 54% GCA (27/50) or in either of them in 94% (47/50). ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 protein positivity in well/moderately differentiated carcinomas was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated carcinomas (P=0.005). We found increased expression of ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 in cytoplasm was correlated with lymph nodal metastasis (P=0.002) and pathological lymph nodal staging (P=0.030). We also found ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 to be over-expressed in glandular epithelia cells of mucinous adenocarcinoma, a tumour type associated with an adverse outcome of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P=0.022). Conclusion: ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 is over-expressed in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. However, ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 has no relationship with the prognosis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P>0.05). Our data imply that ${\beta}$-arrestin 1 in cytoplasm may be involved in differentiation and metastasis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

성선자극호르몬 분비호르몬은 시상하부에서 분비되며, 포유동물의 생식에 중추적인 역할을 담당한다. 골든 햄스터는 계절적으로 번식하는 포유동물이며, 생식 활동은 광주기(하루 중 낮의 길이)에 의해 결정된다. 장주기(12.5 시간 이상의 빛)는 생식 능력을 유지시키지만, 단주기(12시간 이하의 빛)는 생식 기능을 억제한다. 성선자극호르몬 분비호르몬과 광주기의 상호 관계를 자세히 조사하기 위하여 랫트 성선자극호르몬 분비호르몬 cDNA를 포함하는 벡터를 여러 농도로 골든 햄스터의 수컷에 주입하고 단주기에 유지하여 생식 활동을 개별적으로 조사하였다. 벡터를 고농도로 처리한 그룹의 골든 햄스터는 기타 실험 그룹에 비해 정소 퇴화가 의미있게(P<0.05) 가속되었다. GnRH의 맥동적 분비가 생식 능력을 유지하는 관점에서 보면, GnRH-cDNA를 포함하는 벡터는 GnRH를 일정하게 고농도로 분비했다고 사료된다. 이 결과는 GnRH를 포함하는 벡터가 뇌하수체 전엽을 desensitization시켜 정소 퇴화를 가속시켰음을 암시한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

이상의 증례는 해역(咳逆)과 희기(噫氣)가 복합된 난치성 증상이 칠정(七情) 자극에 의하여 유발될 수 있음을 보여주었으며, 치료에 있어서도 약물(藥物)과 침구치료(針灸治療) 뿐만이 아니라 이정변기요법(移情變氣療法), 지언고론요법(至言高論療法), 경자평지료법(驚者平之療法), 가족치료(家族治療) 등 다양한 정신요법 들이 시도되어야만 호전될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 증례에 있어서 기질적(器質的) 병리변화(病理變化)와 정신적(精神的) 요소(要所)가 어떠한 정도로 관여하는지에 대하여는 향후의 자세한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.494-497
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• 2012

6년령의 수컷 미니어쳐 핀셔견이 천둥소리로 인한 떨림, 빈호흡 및 부적절한 배뇨를 주증으로 내원하였다. 환축은 2년전 발생한 교통사고 이후 큰 소리에 공포감을 가지게 되었으며, 이는 천둥 발생이 잦은 지난 3개월간 지속적으로 나빠졌다. 기본 신체검사에서 미열, 빈호흡, 빈맥과 함께 혈압의 상승이 확인되었다. 실험실 검사에서 동맥혈의 산소포화도 감소와 함께 적혈구증가증이 확인되었다. 병력, 신체검사 및 실험실적 검사를 바탕으로 본 환축은 소리공포증과 함께 발생한 상대적 적혈구증가증으로 진단 되었다. 증상의 완화를 위하여, 행동교정 및 탈감각화, 반대조건화, 그리고 약물치료가 시작되었다. 다른 치료들과 함께 음악치료도 병행되었으며, 치료기간 중 임상증상 및 적혈구증가증이 개선되었다. 따라서, 본 증례는 소리공포증과 같은 만성적인 스트레스에 의하여 발생한 상대적 적혈구증가증의 진단증례 보고 이다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.206-206
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• 1996

The C-terminus ends of the second putative transmembrane domains of both m1 and m2 muscarinic receptors contain a triplet of amino acid residues consisting of leucine (L), tyrosine (Y) and threonine (T), This triplet is repeated as LYT-LYT in m2 receptors at the interface between the second transmembrane domain and the first extracellular loop. Interestingly, however, it is repeated in a transposed fashion (LYT-TYL) in the sequence of m1 receptors. In this work we employed site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the possible significance of this unique sequence diversity for determining the distinct differential drug-receptor interaction and cellular function at m1 muscarinic receptor. Mutation of the LYTTYL sequence of m1 receptors to the corresponding m2 receptor LYTLYT sequence, however, did not result in a significant change in the binding affinity of the agonist carbachol or in the affinity of the majority of a series of receptor antagonists which are able to discriminate between wild-type m1 and m2 receptors. Surprisingly, the LYTLYT ml receptor mutant demonstrated markedly enhanced coupling to activation of phospholipase C without a change in its coupling to increased cyclic AMP formation. There was also an enhanced receptor sensitivity in transducing elevation of intracellular Ca$\^$2+/. These changes were not due to alterations in the rate of receptor. desensitization or sequestration, On the other hand, the reverse LYTLYT-LYTTYL mutation in the m2 receptor did not alter its coupling to inhibition of adenylate cyclase, but slightly enhanced its coupling to stimulation of PI hydrolysis, Our data suggest that the LYTTYL/LYTLYT sequence difference between ml and n12 muscarinic receptors is not involved in determining receptor pharmacology. On the other hand, while these differences might play a role in the modulation of muscarinic receptor coupling to PI hydrolysis, they are not important for specifying coupling of various subtypes of muscarinic receptors to different cellular signaling pathways.