• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Children's exposure to various vegetables has been associated with higher preferences and intake of vegetables. Attractive names have been reported to increase children's vegetable intake in school lunches. This study hypothesized that the number of vegetables identified correctly may be used as a measure of exposure to vegetables. The survey was administered to students (n=368) at an elementary school located in Gyeonggi-do to determine the association of number of vegetables identified correctly with factors regarding vegetable intakes and effects of descriptive menu names on consumption intentions in school lunches. Students were asked to identify the correct names for nine vegetables and rate their desire to eat six vegetable dishes labeled with general names and two different descriptive names. Descriptive menu names did not consistently increase subjects' desire to eat vegetables compared to general menu labels. Children who ate two vegetable dishes and more per meal tended to identify the names of more vegetables than those who ate less, without reaching statistical significance (P=0.057). Moreover, 5th graders who answered that they ate more than two vegetable dishes each meal had significantly higher scores in identifying vegetable names than those who did rarely (P<0.05). There was no significant association between the number of correctly identified vegetable names and children's vegetable preferences and frequency of being served vegetable dishes. Mother's vegetable preference showed a significant positive association with vegetable preferences of children (r=0.147, P<0.01) and fathers (r=0.340, P<0.01) as well as the number of correctly identified vegetables by children (r=0.183, P<0.01). The results of this study cannot support the advantage of descriptive menu labels over general menu labels. However, it suggests that the number of correctly identified vegetable names could serve as a measure of children's exposure to vegetables associated with factors regarding vegetable intake.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.229-252
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to make fair assessment methods which took into account characteristics of mathematically underachievers. The researchers devised an descriptive tests and interviews and applied them to the mathematics underachievers who could not reveal their achievements in the traditional assessment and then analyzed their cognitive and affective characteristics in the alternative assessments. After selecting three students by the normal assessment made of simple subjective and multiple choice questions, the cognitive and affective characteristics found in the general assessment were reflected to the descriptive tests and interviews. The descriptive tests and interviews are comprised of descriptive narrations and informal interview questions. After the assessment, the teacher and students gave feedbacks one another. All the assessment activities were recorded by a camcorder to analyze cognitive and affective characteristics of the children. Throughout the research, the following conclusions were made. The mathematics underachievers showed the characteristics which didn't appeared in the normal assessment. They showed normal abilities of problem solving and communication In the cognitive area. Also they brought in positive result in most parts in the affective area. However, the student B displayed considerable ability of mathematical thinking that is over the average level of mathematical underachievers. This implies that we can definite the mathematical underachievers differently when we use the detailed and relief assessment method instead of the traditional assessment. On the other hand, one student tended to depend on the teacher and another student overheard what the others talk during the study. This defect should be complemented by the further studies about assessment method for the mathematical underachievers. Also appropriate assessment methods should be made for applying to the various mathematical underachievers. Many studies have been concentrated on the learning for mathematical underachievers but there is little concern about the assessment for the mathematical underachievers. However it is the fundamental way to reduce the number of mathematics underachievers that we construct consistent learning methods and assessments for the mathematical underachievers.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.401-422
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• 2008

최근 학교 현장에서는 학생에 대한 총체적 이해와 평가의 필요성에 대두하고 다양한 과정중심의 평가방법이 강조됨에 따라 학생들의 사고력을 평가할 수 있는 대안적인 평가 방법으로 서술형 평가의 중요성이 인식되면서 이에 대한 효과적인 적용 방안이 구체적으로 논의되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서울시 소재 공립 초등학교 교사 197명을 대상으로 서술형 평가에 대한 인식 및 실태 파악을 위한 설문조사연구를 실시하여 서술형 평가의 현장 적용 가능성 및 효율적인 활용방안에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 대부분의 초등학교 교사들이 학기당 4-7회 이상, 단원별로 필요하다고 느끼는 시기에 단답형의 수행평가를 실시하였고, 서술형 평가는 학생들의 창의성과 사고력을 신장시키고 성취도를 정확히 측정하는 것을 목적으로 90% 이상의 교사가 실시하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 서술형 평가 실시에 있어 교사의 업무부담 경감 및 교육 여건의 개선, 교사에 대한 자율성 부여, 문항과 평가 기준의 개발 및 보급이 시급히 개선되어져야 할 문제점으로 지적되었다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.198-213
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• 2018

최근 들어 학생 평가 방법에서 서술형 평가의 중요성이 매우 강조되고 왔다. 본 연구는 학교현장에서 출제해 온 서술형 평가문항의 실태와 원인을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경남 지역의 중학교 7개 학교에서 1학년부터 3학년까지의 정기고사에 출제된 서술형 문항 300개를 수집하여 문항 유형과 단원별 문항 분포를 분석하고, 문항에 관련된 성취기준의 교육목표와 평가목표를 Bloom의 신 교육목표분류에 따라 분석하여 비교였다. 연구 결과, 대부분의 교사들이 공통된 단원에서 서술형 문항을 출제하는 경향을 보이며, 단원 및 성취기준별로 출제 빈도에 큰 차이를 보였다. 문항 유형으로는 서술형이 65%에 불과하였으며 나머지는 단답형이나 완성형 문항으로 구성되었다. 또한 성취기준에서의 교육목표와 문항에서의 평가목표 사이에 일치하는 비율이 40.3%에 불과하였다. 서술형 문항의 출제교사 27명을 면담한 결과, 서술형 문항의 개발 능력 부족과 채점에서의 어려움이 올바른 서술형 평가의 주요 장애 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 평가에 대한 체계적 연수를 통해 서술형 평가의 문제점들을 해결할 필요가 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

The physical characteristics of gluten-free rice bread, commercial rice as well as wheat bread marketed in Korea were delineated, a sensory descriptive analysis performed, and a consumer acceptability study conducted. Both the specific gravity and color of gluten-free rice bread were higher than those of commercial rice and wheat bread. The sensory descriptive analysis revealed that the adhesiveness, fracturability, fermentation odor, and the powdery mouthfeel of gluten-free rice bread were higher than those of commercial rice and wheat bread. In contrast, the sweet odor, sweetness, egg taste, butter taste, and milk taste of gluten-free rice bread were lower than those of commercial rice and wheat bread. The consumer acceptability results revealed differences regarding odor, appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptance between a blind test and an informed test of gluten-free rice bread, commercial rice, and wheat bread. The consumer acceptability findings were associated with those of the sensory descriptive analysis. In overall, the results indicated that the quality of gluten-free rice bread can be improved by controlling the decrease of adhesiveness, fracturability, and powdery mouthfeel.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine sensory profiles of rice confections. The samples used in this study obtained from Korea (traditional Korea rice snack and local specialty rice snack) and three countries (USA, Japan, and China) were evaluated and compared. The sensory characteristics of five kinds of rice confections were evaluated using a sensory test and were analyzed via quantitative description analysis (QDA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). In the descriptive analysis, 10 trained panelists evaluated sensory characteristics consisting of 19 attributes, and there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the 16 characteristics. For the descriptive data, multivariate analysis of variance was carried out and identified differences among the samples. The PCA of rice confections for the first two principal components could explain 85.66% of the variations. The Korean, Japanese, and Chinese rice confections were savory, gritty, and particle-sized, the other Korean local specialty rice confections were fruity, sweet, honey-flavored, compact, and crispy, and those from the USA were glossy, grainy, bright, adhesive, cohesive, crispy, and sweet.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

Sujeonggwa is a popular Korean traditional beverage. However, consumers only prepare it at home on special occasions due to the time and effort required. Developing a convenient form of Sujeonggwa may promote its consumption. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop Sujeonggwa in a tea bag using different sweeteners and 2) describe the characteristics of Sujeonggwa's flavor in tea bag samples and 3) determine how well consumers accept the tea bag samples. A total of four types of Sujeonggwa in a tea bag were developed: two samples with varying amount of sugar, another sample using sugar and stevia and the last sample using sugar and short chain fructo-oligosaccharide as a sweetener. A commercial ginger tea and cinnamon tea were used as control products. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the same six samples and a descriptive panel identified its attributes. A total of 61 consumers evaluated acceptability using a nine-point hedonic scale and how they felt about intensities of the samples using a just-about-right scale. The results indicated that consumers liked Sujeonggwa samples in a tea bag more than commercial ginger tea and cinnamon tea.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.699-710
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• 2019

This study focuses on social norms and perceived benefits that are expected to lead to purchase fashion goods selling by social enterprises that can help guide the establishment of effective sales strategies for social enterprises. The relationships among two social norms (injunctive norms and descriptive norms), three perceived benefits (cause benefits, psychological benefits, and social image benefits), and purchase intention were investigated respectively. Data were collected via an online web survey and 11 hypotheses were statistically tested by using PLS-SEM analysis. Purchase intention toward the fashion products of social enterprises was influenced by four antecedent variables (injunctive and descriptive norms, cause and psychological benefits) excluding only social image benefits. However, descriptive norms only affected psychological benefits while injunctive norms only affected social image benefits. The findings suggest that the owners or marketers of social enterprises need to create a social atmosphere in which more consumers buy the fashion goods for social enterprises and emphasize consumers' psychological benefits that they feel mentally more comfortable by purchasing the fashion goods of social enterprises.

• 기록학연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2000

It is almost impossible to fulfill the users' information needs efficiently without any finding aids. The idiosyncrasy of archival materials had led the archivists to develop their own descriptive rules until the mid of 1980s. It was the arrival of computers and information networks that stimulated the archival community to standardize its variant descriptive practices. The primary purpose of the national and international archival description standards is to facilitate the cooperative archival data exchange. The Ad Hoc Commission on Descriptive Standards of the International Council on Archives adopted ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF) in 1993 and in 1995 respectively. ISAD(G) guides the formulation of information in each of 26 elements that may be combined to constitute the description of an archival entity. ISAAR(CPF) is to give general rules for the establishment of archival authority records in descriptions of archival documents. Histories, structures and fundamental principles of those two international archival standards have been studies in this article. Most of the present archival description standards are based on the principle of provenance and the authority model. The instability of modern organizations and the digitalization of record keeping systems have been making the archivists to review these basic archival principles. It is suggested that Korean archival community should attempt to draft a national archival descriptive standard suitable to the Korean archival practice and Korean language in the framework of the international standards.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

Objectives : This paper investigates the background, meaning and origin of the descriptions of the Heart such as 'seven orifices', 'sanmao', 'saw-toothed four layered lines' that are unique to the diagram in the Donguibogam. Methods : First the Heart diagram of the Donguibogam was compared with other Zhangfu diagrams of the past. Materials related to unique features in the descriptions of the Heart in the Donguibogam were collected, against which descriptive features were analyzed. Results : Of the many unique features, the descriptive basis of the 'seven orifices' could be found in the Qixingban[七星板] as a physical entity reflecting basic anatomical knowledge. The 'sanmao', which is compared to the Santaixing[三台星], could be understood as a non-physical entity whose descriptive basis could be found in the Xinxuetu of the Xinching. It could be assumed that the 'saw-toothed four layered lines' are likened to the multi-layered petals or calyx of a lotus flower bud to describe the Pericardium, or to the multiple walls of a mountain fortress surrounding a palace to describe the Danzhong, which is the chest cavity. These features could be understood as results of spiritualism influence. Conclusions : It could be concluded that Heo Jun, in his attempt to describe the Heart in more detail than previous diagrams of the Zangfu, referenced popular texts and images based on anatomical knowledge of previous texts, added varied descriptions resulting in a new diagram with a completely different origin.