• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2000

A purpose of this study is to study on Rene Descartes's mind-body theory in medical aspect. Though Rene Descartes was not so much a doctor as a philosopher, he had health and medical science at heart. When he came into the world in 1596, he was in poor health. Therefore, he suffered from his bad health. Descartes's ideas absolutely colored Western thought for three hundred years, especially, his mind-body theory, mechanistic life-view, and reductionism had important effect on medical study and science of public health. As a rule, we know that his mind-body theory was applicable to mind-body dualism, and his mind-body dualism was connected with biomedical model of medicine. But by this study, his mind-body theory was not only mind-body dualism but also mind-body monoism. And he asserted mind-body interaction too. In other words, he advocated mind-body dualism in scientific aspect, but he knew mind-body monoism from his experence. He confessed this fact to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia, he wrote mind-body interaction in $\boxDr$Discours de la methode$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Meditationes de prima philosophia$\boxUl$, and $\boxDr$Traite des passions de 1'ame$\boxUl$ etc. However, only mind-body dualism of his mind-body theories was written in our medical text book, morever mental realm was excluded from the persuit of learning Descartes advocated a mechanistic world-view and mechanistic life-view, he regarded human body as a machine part. And a paticent corresponds to a troubled machine, a doctor deserves a repairman. But this point of view made holistic understanding of man impossible. Descartes divide the whole into basic building blocks, we named the approach Reductionism. Reductionism led to ontological concept in medical science, bacteriology established 'specific cause-specific disease-specific therapy'. We examined medical influence of Descartes's thought, we need to draw out a philosophic basis of medical science and science of public health by a close study of his records.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2018

A theoretical formulation based on the linearized potential theory, the Descartes' rule and the extremum optimization method is presented to calculate the critical distance of lifting points of the fully balanced hoist vertical ship lift, and to study pitching stability of the ship lift. The overturning torque of the ship chamber is proposed based on the Housner theory. A seven-free-degree dynamic model of the ship lift based on the Lagrange equation of the second kind is then established, including the ship chamber, the wire rope, the gravity counterweights and the liquid in the ship chamber. Subsequently, an eigenvalue equation is obtained with the coefficient matrix of the dynamic equations, and a key coefficient is analyzed by innovative use of the minimum optimization method for a stability criterion. Also, an extensive influence of the structural parameters contains the gravity counterweight wire rope stiffness, synchronous shaft stiffness, lifting height and hoists radius on the critical distance of lifting points is numerically analyzed. With the Runge-Kutta method, the four primary dynamical responses of the ship lift are investigated to demonstrate the accuracy/reliability of the result from the theoretical formulation. It is revealed that the critical distance of lifting points decreases with increasing the synchronous shaft stiffness, while increases with rising the other three structural parameters. Moreover, the theoretical formulation is more applicable than the previous criterions to design the layout of the fully balanced hoist vertical ship lift for the ensuring of the stability.

• 철학연구
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• 제144권
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• pp.51-82
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• 2017

"성찰"의 제2성찰에서 데카르트는 '그러면 도대체 나는 무엇인가sed quid igitur sum'라고 묻는다. 클락(A. Clark)은 우리의 본질 규정에 해당하는 이 물음에 "우리는 부드러운 자아들"이라고 주장한다. 클락의 생각은 인지적 과정(cognitive process), 인지적 상태(cognitive state), 그리고 자아(self)가 생물학적 유기체 넘어로 확장될 수 있다는 확장된 마음 이론(the extended mind theory)의 자연스러운 귀결이다. 그러나 확장된 자아 개념이 도덕적 행위자의 자격을 가지기 힘들어 보인다. 지금까지 주로 인지적 과정과 인지적 상태의 확장 가능성에 대해 논쟁이 벌어졌지만, 확장된 자아에 행위의 책임귀속성이 부여될 수 있는 지에 관해서는 많은 논의가 이뤄지지 않았다. 본 논문에서 우선 레이코프와 존슨의 은유 이론과 행위자와 행위의 존재론적 본성에 대한 분석을 통해서 확장된 자아 개념이 기껏해야 은유적 수사법에 불과할 뿐, 행위자와 행위의 존재론적 본성에 대한 합리적인 이해로서는 적합하지 않다는 점이 드러날 것이다. 또한 인공적 도덕 행위자(AMA)의 문제를 분석하면서, 행위자의 필요충분조건으로 '강한 일인칭 시점'이 제시될 것이다. 끝으로, 확장된 자아 개념은 행위자로서의 우리 자신에 대한 이론적 설명으로는 적합하지 않다는 것이 명확하게 드러날 것이며, 인간인격(human person) 개념이 그 대안으로 제시될 것이다.