• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.607-609
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• 2011

A 6-year-old, neutered female, Cocker spaniel presented with severe abdominal erythema and crusts. These conditions developed 1 month ago. This patient had a history of using humectant spray for several months. Irritant contact dermatitis was diagnosed by history, clinical signs, laboratory and histopathologic examinations (H-E stain). Complete blood count and serum chemistry showed no remarkable findings. Histopathologic examination of skin samples revealed parakeratosis accompanied by acanthosis of the dermis and mild perivascular inflammations of the superficial dermis. Clinical signs were improved after avoidance of suspected offending substance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.619-621
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• 2008

Purpose: By virtue of good nourishment, obese boys are increasing in Korea, which may result in prevalence of cryptopenis. As milieu of economy, culture, and society changes, increased attention to the external genitalia in children should encourage surgeon to do assertive treatment for cryptopenis. But various operative methods have been devised yet to need sophistication and revision. The author performed suprapubic lipectomy and operation according to the modification of the Johnston's principle. Methods: The patient was 5 years old, 32 kg, and 122 cm. He had no pain or tenderness. The operation was done under general anesthesia. It was done with excision of suprapubic fat, cutting of retracted dartos fascia instead of removing the fascia around penile base, and anchoring of dermis and the cutting margin of the fascia to the underlying fascia such as Buck's fascia, tunica albuginea and rectus fascia at penile base. And then circumcision was performed. Results: Postoperative complication was not observed. The clinical result of the operation was satisfactory to both surgeon and parents of the patient. Conclusion: Suprapubic lipectomy and anchoring of dermis and retracted cutting dartos fascia margin to the underlying fascia in all directions at the penile base through a single suprapubic incision provide this patient with complacency.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1993

An experimental study was performed for the preparation of living skin-equivalent by the using collagen gel contraction with human fibroblasts as neodermls and cultured human keratinocytes as neoderm is . The results were as follows ; 1) The rate of collagen gel contraction was dependent on the number of fibroblasts into the lattice and collagen contraction was progressed according to the increment of the number of the cells. 2) The rate of collagen gel contraction was progressed according to the decrement of the contraction of the collagen. 3) The rate of gel contraction was progressed according to the increment of serum concentration in the fixed concentration of the fibroblasts and collagen. 4) The lattice contraction was decreased according to the increment of the population doublings of the fibroblasts. 5) Macroscopically, the artificial dermis was gray white in color and tissue-like consistency and elas- ticity. 6) Microscopically, three dimensionally contracted artificial dermis showed more dense fibroblasts and its newly formed collagen fibrils in the matrix than one dimensionally contracted one. 7) Finally prepared skin-equivalent showed good attachment of living stratified keratinocytes to the dermal equivalent microscopically. It has been proposed that newly formed skin-equivalent is suitable for the graft of extensively and deeply burned patients. Shortening of the manufacturing period of skin-equivalent and development of conservation technique as a readily usable state are to be solved for our ongoing works.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2006

Histological observations of the barbels of torrent catfish (Amblycipitidae) in Korea are reported. The bullhead torrent catfish (Liobagrus andersoni) and Korean torrent catfish (L. obesus) have eight obvious barbels in two pairs each on the maxilla and mandible. Each barbel is composed of an epidermis, dermis, and central cartilagerod. The epidermis of the maxillary and mandibular barbels of the bullhead torrent catfish is thicker than that of the Korean torrent catfish (P<0.05) and is formed of stratified epithelium that contains many cutaneous taste buds and a few small club cells. There are many taste buds on the upper part of each barbel. The dermis consists of loose connective tissue fibers that enclose blood vessels and bundles of nerve fibers. The barbels of these fish can be categorized into stiff and flexible types and are accessory, feeding, and sensory structures. Our results validate the barbels as gustatory receptor organs for these fishes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2012

Barbel structure and regenerated barbel length in the juvenile Chinese longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris (G$\ddot{u}$nther), were evaluated. The barbles consisted of an epidermis, a dermis, and a central rod. The epidermis harbored taste buds, granular cells and epidermal cells. The taste buds were basophilic and situated along the distal portion of the epidermis. The dermis was composed of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels pigment cells. The innermost central region was cartilage enclosed within layers of muscle layers. After 30 days, the regenerated barbel length measured $0.92{\pm}0.404mm$ at $15^{\circ}C$ (regenerated growth curve: y = 0.5085x + 4.0678, $r^2$ = 0.9654, where y is regenerated length and x is experimental period in days), $1.88{\pm}0.521mm$ at $20^{\circ}C$ (y = 0.1806x + 4.808, $r^2$ = 0.9822), and $6.44{\pm}0.751mm$ at $25^{\circ}C$ (y = 0.0914x + 4.9918, $r^2$ = 0.9944). Fifteen days after amputation, the regenerated length was significantly longer at $25^{\circ}C$ than at 15 or $20^{\circ}C$ (P < 0.05). The barbels of the Chinese longsnout catfish was the tender and flexible type, and our experimental findings provide evidence of temperature-dependent regeneration. Additional investigation of the behavior and physiology of the Chinese longsnout catfish is needed, particularly histological studies of regenerated barbels and the measurements of the numbers of taste buds per barbel under various environmental conditions.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2009

To investigate the alleviative effects of Peonia japonica water extract(PJWE) on inflammation and skin barrier damage, both the irradiation of UVB and the application of squalene monohydroperoxide (Sq-OOH) to the backs of hairless mice were performed for 4 weeks. And at the same time experimental materials were applied topically. The skin erythema indices for the positive control (PC, 0.01% retinoic acid) and experimental (E, PJWE) groups were lower than that of the control (C) group. Whereas both the lipid and water capacities for the PC and E groups were higher than those of the C group. Epidermis and dermis of the C group were remarkably thickened in comparison with the PC and E groups. Relatively much less number of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages were found in dermis of the PC and E groups compared with the C group. Lipid lamellae of the C group were broken severely showing an irregular arrangement and lipid content was much reduced. Whereas those of the PC and E groups were almost intact with a regular arrangement, which were similar to that of the N group. Taken the results all together, it was confirmed that PJWE could be effective natural herbal material for the alleviation of inflammation and skin barrier damage in hairless mice skin which were induced by UVB and Sq-OOH.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2004

The effect of poly[2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine] (pMPC) on the skin permeation property was investigated by performing in vitro skin permeation study of a model drug, nicotinic acid (NA). Effect of pMPC polymer in donor solution on skin permeation rates was evaluated using side-by-side diffusion cells. Also, the structural alterations in the stratum corneum (SC), inter-lamellar bilayer (ILB) and dermis layers in pMPC-treated and -untreated skin sections were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The permeation profile of NA without pMPC in donor solution showed biphasic mode: initial $1^{st} phase and 2^{nd}$ hydration phase. The sudden, more than 10-fold increase in flux from the initial steady state (43.5 $\mu g/cm^2$/hr) to the $2^{nd}$ hydration phase (457.3 $\mu g/cm^2$/hr) suggests the disruption of skin barrier function due to extensive hydration. The permeation profile of NA with 3% pMPC in the donor solution showed monophasic pattern: the steady state flux (10.9 $\mu g/cm^2$/hr) without abrupt increase of the flux. The degree of NA permeation rate decreased in a concentration-dependent manner of pMPC. TEM of skin equilibrated with water or 2% pMPC for 12 h showed that corneocytes are still cohesive and epidermis is tightly bound to dermis in 2% pMPC-treated skin, while wider separation between corneocytes and focal dilations in inter-cellular spaces were observed in water-treated skin. This result suggests that pMPC could protect the barrier property of the stratum corneum by preventing the disruption of ILB structure caused by extensive skin hydration during skin permeation study.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 2005

Objectives : Conclusion : The purpose of this study is to examine effect that KDKEJ used to atopic dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. Methods : We analyzed the expression of IgE, IL-6, II-4, IL-5 and IL-13's level in serum, and $IFN-{\gamma}'$ production by KDKEJ extract. We also analyzed KDKEJ extract get to NC/Nga mine's skin establishment analyzes neck-back skin after biopsy, and H&E method measured about epidermis and dermis part in comparison with control group. Results : In this research KDKEJ extract as treatment result to a NC/Nga mice, IgE and IL-6 content in serum decreased remarkably than control group. And decreased than result control group which measure II-4, IL-5 and IL-13's level in serum and $IFN-{\gamma}'$ production secreted in Th1 cell displayed increase by KDKEJ extract. IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}'$ gene revelation amount displayed marked decrease than control group in result that observe effect that get in skin of a NC/Nga mice's skin establishment analyzes neck-back skin after biposy, and dye by H&E method decreased about epidermis and inflammation of dermis part remarkable than control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by secretion amount of IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ by KDKEJ extract could know that KDKEJ extract can use usefully in allergy autoimmune disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2014

Collagen pentapeptide (Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser, KTTKS) and its palmitoylated derivative (pal-KTTKS) have received a great deal of attention as cosmeceutical ingredients for their anti-wrinkle effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate stability and permeability of KTTKS and pal-KTTKS in hairless mouse skin. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of pal-KTTKS, and used for stability and permeability studies. Stability studies were performed using skin extracts and homogenates. Both KTTKS and pal-KTTKS were rapidly degraded, but pal-KTTKS was more stable than KTTKS. When protease inhibitors were added, the stability of both compounds (KTTKS and pal-KTTKS) improved significantly. In the skin permeation study, neither KTTKS nor pal-KTTKS was detected in the receptor solution, which indicates that neither compound could permeate through the full-thickness hairless mouse skin in the experimental conditions of this study. While KTTKS was not detected in any of the skin layers (the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis), pal-KTTKS was observed in all skin layers: $4.2{\pm}0.7{\mu}g/cm^2$ in the stratum corneum, $2.8{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/cm^2$ in the epidermis, and $0.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/cm^2$ in the dermis. In conclusion, this study indicated that pal-KTTKS had greater stability and permeability than that of un-modified KTTKS, and may be a useful anti-wrinkle and anti-aging cosmeceutical agent.