• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.47
• /
• pp.5-22
• /
• 2009

This study analysed the complicated introduction process of IPTV in Korea, based on the rent seeking theory which is one of an useful economic theory for explaining the dynamic interaction between government and entrepreneurs. Rent seeking theory describes the possibility of lobbying for economic regulations or regulatory capture which refers to collusion between firms and the government agencies assigned to regulate them. The introduction of IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) in Korea was the most controversial policy issue since the beginning of new media business of cable TV in 1995. In addition to the ordinary conflict between the old and new entrepreneurs, IPTV caused the bureaucratic conflicts between the Ministry of Information and Communication and the Korean Broadcasting Commission (Two regulation agencies were merged into KCC(Korean Communications Commission) in 2008). Through the process all related policy players, including the government, pursued their own rent, and it caused vicious circle of continuous rent seeking and mutual distrust among players. Finally, all-directional lobby of pre-IPTV companies brought about the successful entrance to IPTV market and the enactment of IPTV special law which includes deregulation compared to the existing Broadcast Act. Considering the convergence trend of media related laws it means going against the times. Until now, the conflict phenomena occurring in broadcast industry were mostly explained based on the sociological conflict theory. However, the result of this study shows the usefulness and necessity of rent seeking theory because it gives an economic explanation of conflict behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.93-125
• /
• 2011

The International Civil Aviation Convention (Chicago Convention) has been a backbone of international air transport system whereby air transport between States should be based on bilateral agreements, and in particular, international airfares, which are set up through IATA(International Air Transport Association) rate-fixing machinery could be approved by the governments concerned. International airfares are fares for transporting passenger and freight and their conditions between two or more countries. However, since U.S. pursued th deregulation policy in 1978 whereby routes, capacity and fares could be freely determined by airlines, many States have been following so called open-skies agreements. In many cases, aeronautical and competent authorities have been reviewing whether airlines' commercial activities including air fares could possibly conflict with free competition rules envisaged in relevant laws and regulations. As competition among airlines gets intense, airlines often resort to cooperation with other airlines in the forms such as equity exchange, M&A, code-sharing, fares consultation and resource pooling, mainly with a view to effectively use resources available and to avoid monopoly situation resulting from excessive and destructive competition among players. Whereas bearing in mind that application of competition laws is important to secure consumers' interests by preventing airlines's malpractices such as bargaining exorbitant fares, it is also important to comprehensively consider as many factors as possible, from that unilateral measure by governments may bring about retaliatory measures by the governments affected, to that airlines' cooperative practices may rather increase consumers' benefits by lowering air fares.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2010

The Korean real estate market currently is experiencing a slowdown due to the global economic crisis which has resulted from subprime mortgage lending practices. In response, the Korean government has enforced various policies, based on intend to deregulate real estate speculation, such as increasing the Loan to value ratio (LTV) in order to stimulate housing supply, demand and accompanying housing transactions. However, these policies have appeared to result in deep confusion in the Korean housing market. Furthermore, analyses for housing market forecasting particularly those which examine the impact of the international financial crisis on the Korean real estate market have been partial and fragmentary. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematical approach is required to analyze the real estate financial market and the causal nexus between market determining factors. Thus, with an integrated perspective and applying a system dynamics methodology, this paper proposes Korean Real Estate and Mortgage Market dynamics models based on the fundamental principles of housing markets, which are determined by supply and demand. As well, the potential effects of the Korean government's deregulation policies are considered by focusing on the main factor of these policies: the mortgage loan.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.39 no.6 s.105
• /
• pp.955-970
• /
• 2004

With the flow of globalization, world aviation markets are showing growing trends toward liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. At the same time, also apparent is a strong trend toward regionalism on aviation markets to realize open skies at the regional level. This research examines the recent trend of regionalism in the world aviation market from a political economic perspective, taking a single European aviation market as an example. The results show that the creation of a single European aviation market is the EU's strategic response against the US to enhance the European aviation industry's competitiveness. More specifically, the results show that the European countries are creating a single European aviation market in order to stand against the US' so-called 'divide and nile policy' and 'encirclement strategy' and to make their airliners to have competitive advantages over the US airliners on the lucrative North-Atlantic air routes. Recently, the single European aviation market is expanding by including the Mediterranean and Balkan states to pursue Pan European aviation cooperation and to develop European Common Aviation Area so that it can continuously enhance its negotiating leverage against external markets. The results imply that it is urgent for the Northeast Asian countries to create their own regional aviation bloc to develop their aviation industry and to increase their negotiating power against external countries.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2016

This study tries to seek the is the realistic improvements and legislative measures about current medical advertising which was in the Court on 12 May 2015 by presenting and discussion the understanding, problems and its alternative direction of pre-deliberation on the existing law which is the decision on the constitutionality of health care advertising regulated health care advertising General commercial advertising has the right which have to be protected as the terms of the protection of know and freedom of expression and advertiser's there are sure to be in a value to be protected. Medical advertising is also a person in addition to the absolute value that includes both Due to the particularity of medical advertising in terms of life and the right to health Until now, this has been the target of strong regulations are changing the policy of gradual deregulation in our country, including the country. Medical advertising on the current medical law had been to be checked by pre-deliberation of the executive power. However, due to unconstitutional, in the circumstances which a false hype is flooding and increasing, it has been realized that the fair competition of medical community, life and health rights of the people are threatened by in reverse. In this regard, the abolition of the pre-deliberation system of medical advertising can be welcomed by abolition of the old system which is the legal and institutional censorship. Since its abolition, the alternative policy direction is insufficient also it is not clear. Therefore we need to study this. Therefore, in this paper, we try to find general theoretical background and problem of pre-deliberation system of medical advertising. Also, as trying to find feasibility or ambiguity of regulation and issues about medical advertising on medical law, we argued the provision of special measures of the medical advertising for introduction of integrated medical advertising deliberation committee which can ensure the independence and autonomy, strengthening of the monitoring on the internet advertising, legal resolving through amendments, strengthening of penalties, and establish special measures of medical advertising for the medical privatization and demand for the foreign medical tourist, etc. Empirical study about practical regulatory measures of medical advertising which converged the various opinions of consumer groups, government and academia, and medical community, and we expect hope to see the more realistic alternative provision.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 2008

HIV affects many organ systems. Patients with HIV infection have substantially increased risk of developing various cancers, primarily by opportunistic infection with oncogenic viruses due to their immunocompromised status. However, extensive evidence also indicates that the viral protein, Tat itself, may playas a major factor in the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. The molecular mechanism underlying Tat's oncogenic activity may include deregulation of cellular genes. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of HIV-l Tat on CD99 as one of the target cellular genes, which is a well-known tumor marker in several cancers. By using established HeLa clones that are stably expressing Tat, we found that CD99 is upregulated by endogenous Tat, whereas STAT3 is down regulated. Upon the screening of genes differentially expressed between Tat-stable cells and the control cells by using the gene fishing technique, DEG, we detected 3 genes which expression is affected by the presence of Tat. Furthermore, the methylation specific PCR analysis of the stably Tat expressing cell lines revealed that the CD99 promoter is de methylated in the presence of Tat. Taken together, these results open a potential role of CD99 in AIDS-related oncogenesis via epigenetic regulation by HIV-1 Tat.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 2017

This research reviews regulations on logistics/transport industry and attempts to quantify the effects of regulation mitigation on GDP per capita. South Korea's transport industry has been gradually expanding, however, the industrial structure is still short rooted. In 2014, average number of hours worked is 5th highest and wage margin 12th smallest out of 18 industries. Furthermore, the regulations for this industry appear to be stricter than those of other industries. OECD's logistics/transport industry regulatory index for South Korea has been decreasing for the last 40 years but still exceeds those of EU, Japan, US, and other countries. This paper provides supporting reasons for regulatory reforms by analyzing the ripple effects on real GDP. Factors such as the ratio of trade among GDP, the enrollment rate to primary school, energy usage per capita, and population are controlled in the fixed-effect model. Estimation results showed that 1 unit decrease in transport/logistics regulatory index is correlated with 8.1% increase of the real GDP per capita, that is, 10% of deregulation is expected to yield 2.16% increase in GDP per capita. Thus, it is expected that mitigating regulations on market entries, price determination, ownership structures of network industry, vertical integrations can improve the economy of South Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.428-437
• /
• 2017

Recently, local government has established a development strategy which takes into account the quality of each area, in order to solve the problems posed by poor development, hindrance of the urban landscape, the limits imposed by relevant laws, etc. However, the number of floors is an important factor which determines the urban landscape, planning density and quality of the external space. This planning factor has a very different effect according to the terrestrial circumstances, number of households, underparking ratio, green space ratio and floor area ratio. Therefore, in this study, a case analysis and case study are conducted and the correlation between each index is clarified. The conclusions of this study are follows. Firstly, flexibility should be ensured by taking into consideration the density indicators, average number of floors, and residential environmental performance measures in related laws and systems. Secondly, it is necessary to develop a wide-area planning method that extends the planning concept from the beginning of planning to neighboring blocks or cities. Thirdly, deregulation measures should be implemented, such as establishing specialized strategies for each region, and regulatory measures for encouraging different types of development.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.10-21
• /
• 2018

This study analyzes difficulties of enterprise activities in Chinese construction market by surveys on early entrants and interviews with experts. This study also suggests future strategy to enter the market by using inducement coefficient model. Korean construction companies in China are under heavy pressure to maintain requirement of licenses, despite recent deregulation. They are in dire predicament for market entry due to the Foreign Direct Investment System. It is almost impossible to participate in public projects and also it is not easy to do PPP projects. Therefore, Korean government should make more efforts to solve those issues through negotiations in FTA and GPA. For future expansion in Chinese construction market, it is highly recommended to boost cooperation models between Korea and China according to the empirical results of inducement coefficient model. Korean companies should collaborate with Chinese companies in some fields: smart city, environment and water treatment. Also, Korean government should support Korean companies by diplomatic means such as requesting for further opening of China's market. In GPA or GATS negotiation, Korean government should ask Chinese government that Korean companies can obtain order independently (without joint venture with Chinese companies) in China. Lastly, Korean construction companies should participate in construction projects ordered by international organizations such as ADB, AIIB.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2016

Despite that Korea has tried radical efforts in the global flow of regulatory reform in the past twenty years, the result was not radical at all, but rather disappointing. One examines the possibility of paradigm shift in regulatory reform based on new theoretic perspectives. Regulatory reform, one argues, is not just a neo-liberal approach to cut off overflowing regulation. It is a highly conflictual struggle in state order to move from industrial age paradigm to service age paradigm. In the process of the great shift states become integrated into the world of life constructed by the exercise of civil rights. The relation between the civic socio-economic life and the state apparatus became totally different. Past effort for deregulation missed this point without correct recognition of the role of civil freedom and rights in service economy. One treats three typical forms of regulation whereby conventional rules and regulations effectively damper the development of services: reciprocal perspective in contract management, industrial mind in urban and spaces design, and old way of human capital management. According these analyses a new initiative of regulatory reform is proposed to take place at the National Assembly.