• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2002

During a 5-yr period, 1994-1998, pre-weaning and weaning data were collected on 591 calves produced by mating either straightbred Jersey, straightbred Limousin or $F_1$ (Limousin${\times}$Jersey) bulls to mature purebred Jersey or Limousin cows. Traits recorded included birth and weaning weight, height, length, girth, fat depth and a measure of muscle (ratio of stifle to hip width expressed as a percentage). All traits were analyzed assuming a model with sire and dam random effects that included effects of year and date of birth, sex, breed and year${\times}$sex interaction. Main effects were generally significant with few exceptions. Direct genetic effects were large for weight, height, girth and muscle with a breed trend from purebred Jersey (small) to purebred Limousin (large). At weaning, the maternal effect of the Jersey dam was positive for weight (10.9${\pm}$4.9 kg), girth (3.7${\pm}$1.0 cm) and muscle (6.0${\pm}$0.9%). Heterosis was highly significant and positive only for fat depth (1.5${\pm}$0.2 mm) with the $F_1$ progeny being the fattest, followed by the backcrosses, then purebred Jersey and purebred Limousin. Also, significant (p<0.001) but negative heterosis was observed for weight, girth and muscle. The change in ranking for fat depth relative to other traits is a reflection of the large heterotic effects relative to direct effects on fat depth. Epistatic effects were not significant on any trait at birth or weaning. This study has indicated the possibility of exploiting the positive heterotic and maternal effects for fat depth and muscularity to meet specific meat quality and quantity demand by consumers.

• 대기
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2015

A dynamical seasonal prediction system for boreal winter utilizing cryospheric information was developed. Using the Community Atmospheric Model, version3, (CAM3) as a modeling system, newly developed snow depth initialization method and sea ice concentration treatment were implemented to the seasonal prediction system. Daily snow depth analysis field was scaled in order to prevent climate drift problem before initializing model's snow fields and distributed to the model snow-depth layers. To maximize predictability gain from land surface, we applied one-month-long training procedure to the prediction system, which adjusts soil moisture and soil temperature to the imposed snow depth. The sea ice concentration over the Arctic region for prediction period was prescribed with an anomaly-persistent method that considers seasonality of sea ice. Ensemble hindcast experiments starting at 1st of November for the period 1999~2000 were performed and the predictability gain from the imposed cryospheric informations were tested. Large potential predictability gain from the snow information was obtained over large part of high-latitude and of mid-latitude land as a result of strengthened land-atmosphere interaction in the modeling system. Large-scale atmospheric circulation responses associated with the sea ice concentration anomalies were main contributor to the predictability gain.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is directly measure and evaluate about absorbed dose change according to nominal energy and electron cone or medical accelerator on isodose curve, percentage depth dose, contaminated X-ray, inhomogeneous tissue, oblique surface and irradiation on intracavitary that electron beam with high energy distributed in tissue, and it settled standard data of hish energy electron beam treatment, and offer to exactly data for new dote distribution modeling study based on experimental resuls and theory. Electron beam with hish energy of $6{\sim}20$ MeV is used that generated from medical linear accelerator (Clinac 2100C/D, Varian) for the experiment, andwater phantom and Farmer chamber md Markus chamber und for absorbe d dose measurement of electron beam, and standard absorbed dose is calculated by standard measurements of International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) TRS 277. Dose analyzer (700i dose distribution analyzer, Wellhofer), film (X-OmatV, Kodak), external cone, intracavitary cone, cork, animal compact bone and air were used for don distribution measurement. As the results of absorbed dose ratio increased while irradiation field was increased, it appeared maximum at some irradiation field size and decreased though irradiation field size was more increased, and it decreased greatly while energy of electron beam was increased, and scattered dose on wall of electron cone was the cause. In percentage depth dose curve of electron beam, Effective depth dose(R80) for nominal energy of 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV are 1.85, 2.93, 4.07, 5.37 and 6.53 cm respectively, which seems to be one third of electron beam energy (MeV). Contaminated X-ray was generated from interaction between electron beam with high energy and material, and it was about $0.3{\sim}2.3\%$ of maximum dose and increased with increasing energy. Change of depth dose ratio of electron beam was compared with theory by Monte Carlo simulation, and calculation and measured value by Pencil beam model reciprocally, and percentage depth dose and measured value by Pencil beam were agreed almost, however, there were a little lack on build up area and error increased in pendulum and multi treatment since there was no contaminated X-ray part. Percentage depth dose calculated by Monte Carlo simulation appeared to be less from all part except maximum dose area from the curve. The change of percentage depth dose by inhomogeneous tissue, maximum range after penetration the 1 cm bone was moved 1 cm toward to surface then polystyrene phantom. In case of 1 cm and 2 cm cork, it was moved 0.5 cm and 1 cm toward to depth, respectively. In case of air, practical range was extended toward depth without energy loss. Irradiation on intracavitary is using straight and beveled type cones of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 $cm{\phi}$, and maximum and effective $80\%$ dose depth increases while electron beam energy and size of electron cone increase. In case of contaminated X-ray, as the energy increase, straight type cones were more highly appeared then beveled type. The output factor of intracavitary small field electron cone was $15{\sim}86\%$ of standard external electron cone($15{\times}15cm^2$) and straight type was slightly higher then beveled type.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.93-94
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• 1996

The Galaxy and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC respectively) form a triple system of mutually interacting galaxies. We have carried out a set of N-body simulations on the gravitational interaction of the SMC with the Galaxy and the LMC in order to model prominent features such as the Magellanic Stream, the inter-Cloud Bridge, and the large depth of the SMC which are thought to be products of the tidal interactions among the members of this system.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2003년도 제14회 정기총회 및 03년 동계학술발표회
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• pp.286-287
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• 2003

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was developed to image highly scattering tissues with accounting for polarization effects in the sample. These polarization-sensitive images can provide additional information on the structure of the tissue because of a polarization state of the light is changed at its interaction with biological tissues. The scattering and birefringence are two phenomena, which change the polarization state of light passing through medium. (omitted)

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1990년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.102-107
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• 1990

The research program is directed at studying the behavior and the strength of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to certain combination of punching shear and in-plane tension. Major variables to be investigated are the shear span to depth ratio of reinforced concrete slabs and the degree of the in-plane tensile force which is acting tangent to the slabs. The experimental results are used for understanding of the degree of the interaction between the two loadings, and for developing a new practical design equation.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.287-300
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• 2013

In this paper, the effect of impulsive line on the propagation of shear waves in non-homogeneous elastic layer is investigated. The rigidity and density in the intermediate layer is assumed to vary quadratic as functions of depth. The dispersion equation is obtained by using the Fourier transform and Green's function technique. The study ends with the mathematical calculations for transmitted wave in the layer. These equations are in complete agreement with the classical results when the non-homogeneity parameters are neglected. Various curves are plotted to show the effects of non-homogeneities on shear waves in the intermediate layer.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 1999년도 Japanese Journal of Medical Physics
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• pp.345-348
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• 1999

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권1호
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• pp.1031-1034
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• 2007

The interactions between two-dimensional and three-dimensional stimulus configurations on visually induced self-motion perception (vection) were examined. The experiment revealed that there is no 2D-3D interaction, and vection strength is determined solely by the size of the moving background stimulus, which should be a primary factor in inducing vection.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권6B호
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• pp.635-642
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• 2008

개수로 난류흐름내 잠기지 않는 저항체들이 에너지 손실에 미치는 영향을 수리실험을 통해 연구하였다. 개수로의 잠기지 않는 구조물이나 식생을 연구하기 위하여 정방형 다열기둥을 실험에 사용하였다. 실험수로에 흐름방향 다열기둥을 횡방향으로 1열 및 2열로 배치하고 평균적 등류수위를 유지하여 일련의 유량과 수로경사를 조건으로 실험을 수행하고 측정하였다. 실험결과를 Manning공식에 적용하여 바닥마찰과 기둥의 형상저항에 의한 흐름저항 및 에너지손실을 표현하는 상당저항계수 값을 등류수심과 기둥의 이격거리를 변화시키며 산정하였다. 그리고 실험을 통해 산정된 값과 항력상호작용계수를 포함하는 운동량방정식으로부터 유도된 상당저항계수의 이론식과 비교하였다. 이론식과 실험치의 비교로부터 기둥에 의한 흐름저항의 상호작용이 수로전체의 에너지손실에 미치는 영향이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기둥폭에 대한 기둥이격거리가 약 2.2배 이하 일 때 값이 감소하며, 항력상호작용계수가 기둥이격거리에 지배적으로 의존한다는 사실로 부터 이론식에 나타난 값이 등류수심에 2/3승으로 증가함이 유효함을 알 수 있었다.