• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.329-334
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• 2012

The distribution submarine cables are normally used for power supply at island, which are mostly installed in the southern coast of KOREA, and partially installed in the west coast and Jeju-Island. There are two way of submarine cable burying system, buried and unburied type. Since 2003, KEPCO is entirely being constructing the distribution submarine cable by buried type. In this case, 'burial depth' is key index for evaluating the suitability of the buried situation. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of 'burial depth' is a big issue for burying system in the distribution submarine cable. This paper demonstrates the measurement error of burial depth that is affected by electrical factor such as grounding type of submarine cable in case of magnetic field detection method, and indicates the method to reduce the measurement error in buried type of distribution submarine cable system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 1993

This paper proposes a monitoring method for nondestructive and in-process measurement of the case depth in LASER surface heat treatment process. The method is essentially an eddy-current method, and measures sensing coil's electrical impedance which varies with the changes of the material microstructure due to hardening. To investigate te validity of the proposed method a series of experiments were performed for various hardning depths. The results show that the relationship between the eddy- current sensor output and the changes in case depth is almost linear. This indicates that the eddy-current measuring method can be used as one of the possible monitoring method for mesauring the hardened depth in LASER heat treatment processes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.313-317
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• 2013

In order to standardize the pressure/depth against radial artery, the externally-applied-pressure measuring system was fabricated and evaluated. Based on the resistance-variable characteristic of the very thin($10{\mu}m$) film conductive tape along the pressure of a tip of a examiner's hand, this system was designed. The change of the pressure was processed through voltage regulator and Matlab S/W, then showed on computer monitor. The signal output through voltage regulator, and Matlab S/W was evaluated on various conditions. The evaluation was executed on these cases; an examiner slowly increases and decreases the pressure, rapidly increases and decreases the pressure, sequentially increases and decreases the pressure, sustains the pressure, micro-changes the pressure. As a pulse examiner varies the pressure on the radial artery of the examinee, the system's real-time output consistently varies according to the pressure. From the results, it is concluded that this system consistently shows the pressure of the tip of a examiner's hand in real time without interrupting the evaluation of the radial artery pulse. Therefore this system is expected to standardize the value of the pressure/depth externally applied by an examiner.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

Adoption of narrow gap welding shall be increased for the butt joint of thick plate, because the deformation and welding cost is reduced by decrease of cross-sectional area. However, sometimes narrow gap causes defects such as lack of fusion since it has small groove angle and narrow groove width. Therefore, GMAW, GTAW and SAW process shall be adopted to narrow gap welding with small bead hight and low deposition rate. In this study, Super-TIG welding using C-type strip was applied to semi-narrow gap butt joint in order to increase the welding productivity. High deposition rate 10kg/hr was obtained by high current 600A without undercut, humping bead and other welding defects. Measuring the mean and standard deviation of the melting depth to evaluate the developed processes, the fusion line type was determined by measuring the difference between maximum and minium melting depth. Furthermore, a model on arch fusion line and linear fusion line was suggested in order to prevent LF on groove wall in narrow gap butt welding.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to investigate the soil freezing depth and pattern with freezing measuring instruments during 1988-l989 winter season in Kangwon province. Freezing measuring instrument was made with acrylic pipes which were consisted of inner and outer parts. Inner pipe was filled with 0.01 % methylene blue solution and rubber hose to protect pipe breakdown by solution freezing. Freezing measurements were carried out by observing discoloration of methylene blue solution. Moisture content of evergreen trees and ground cover plants was also examined in the winter season. The observed results are as follows: 1.In the land of I OOM above sea level, soil freezing depth became deeper as the sum of Accumulated degree-days of temperature below 0˚C(0˚C . day) increased: Soil freezing depth was 30-40cm at l00˚C, 42-43cm at 150˚C, and 47cm at 200˚C day 2.Soil freezing with vinyl mulching was less developed by l3cm at l00˚C with sum of subzero temperature, by l7cm at 200˚C than that of the bare ground. Soil of rich hulls mulching with 4Ocm was not frozen until soil freezing at the bare ground was developed to 25cm depth. 3.Cashmeron mulching was more effective than felt mulching in the heat insulation of soil. 4.Thawing of soil was done from the lowest part of the frozen in the ground to upward in the beginning and after that it was done from the surface of frozen soil to downward. Finally thawing was completed at the middle of frozen soil.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.778-792
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify women (aged from 49~59), who have recently emerged as consumers, and their clothing preferences, and it suggests how to make jackets provide better fit and wearability. The results of the study are as follows. In drafting a pattern for size 66 tailored collar jacket with an X-silhouette, it was made with front waist length measuring B/4+1.5 cm, a back length of B/4+1.3 cm, an armhole depth of B/4, a hip ease of H/4+1.2 cm and a sleeve opening of 34.5 cm, to allow for easy movement. In drafting a size 66 high neck collar jacket, it was made with a front and back waist length measuring B/4+1.5 cm, an armhole depth of B/4, a hip ease of H/4+1.2 cm and a sleeve opening of 35 cm. In drafting a size 66 sports collar jacket with an A-silhouette, it was made with front and back waist lengths measuring B/4+1.5 cm, an armhole depth of B/4, and a side dart of 1.3 cm, to provide raglan sleeves. The last experimental jacket pattern improved the appearance and moving fitness evaluation especially for shoulder and arm movement. Based on analysis, jackets were made and subjected to an appearance evaluation using multi-modules to test the level of wearing satisfaction for each fabric and silhouette. the results of the multi-module wearing tests indicate that the preferred silhouettes caused less stressful situations in terms of both psychological and physiological signals.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2018

PURPOSE. Implant site preparation may be adjusted to achieve the maximum possible primary stability. The aim of this investigation was to study the relation among bone-to-implant contact at insertion, bone density, and implant primary stability intra-operatively measured by a torque-measuring implant motor, when implant sites were undersized or tapped. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Undersized (n=14), standard (n=13), and tapped (n=13) implant sites were prepared on 9 segments of bovine ribs. After measuring bone density using the implant motor, 40 implants were placed, and their primary stability assessed by measuring the integral of the torque-depth insertion curve. Bovine ribs were then processed histologically, the bone-to-implant contact measured and statistically correlated to bone density and the integral. RESULTS. Bone-to-implant contact and the integral of the torque-depth curve were significantly greater for undersized sites than tapped sites. Moreover, a correlation between bone to implant contact, the integral and bone density was found under all preparation conditions. The slope of the bone-to-implant/density and integral/density lines was significantly greater for undersized sites, while those corresponding to standard prepared and tapped sites did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION. The integral of the torque-depth curve provided reliable information about bone-to-implant contact and primary implant stability even in tapped or undersized sites. The linear relations found among the parameters suggests a connection between extent and modality of undersizing and the corresponding increase of the integral and, consequently, of primary stability. These results might help the physician determine the extent of undersizing needed to achieve the proper implant primary stability, according to the planned loading protocol.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Measuring the depth of water is very important in ensuring the protection and safety of seaside. There are many difficulties in making the contour bathymetric map, and contour line due to the limitation of continuous measurement of water depth and collimation with the conventional measuring and positioning methods. But the real-time kinematic GPS (RTK GPS) positioning using a carrier phase enables us to decide a precise position without breaking a signal even under the condition of a moving environment. It is also possible to obtain an accurate depth of water in real time with a fathometer through the measuring of time delay between sending and receiving epochs. This research aims at investigation of accuracy potential of RTK GPS in combination with Echo Sounder(E/S) for the coastal mapping. Apart from this purpose, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution with the OTF(On the Fly) method was tested with respect to the initialization time. The result shows that the accuracy is better than 1cm with 5-minute initialization in the distance of 10km baseline. The seaside topography was measured by the RTK GPS only, on the other hand the seafloor topography was surveyed in combination of RTK GPS and E/S. Comparing to the volume of seaside measured by RTK GPS and digital topographical map, the difference of only 2 % was achieved. This indicates that the coastal mapping with RTK GPS is successfully conducted. In addition it is also demonstrated that the 3-dimensional perspective model resulted from the undersea topography measured by RTK GPS and E/S is very close to that from the digital map. Through this study, it was verified that RTK GPS is to be very useful method in the analysis of coastal morphology owing to its capability of getting the precise DTM for the using of harbor reclamation, dredging, and the estimation of soil movement in a river.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.5-14
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• 2018

Worldwide, soil compaction work is one of the most important activities that are carried out on civil engineering works sites. Compaction work, particularly in the area of road construction, is considered to be important, as poor compaction work is closely related with poor construction even after a construction is complete. Currently, the plate bearing test or the sand cone method relative to the unit weight of soil test are commonly used to measure the degree of compaction, but as these require a great deal of time, equipment and manpower, it is difficult to secure economic efficiency. The method that is used to measure the degree of compaction according to the penetration depth achieved by free fall objects through gravity is the Free-Fall Penetration Test (FFPT), which uses a so-called "portable compaction measuring meter (PCMM)." In this study, the degree of compaction was measured and a penetration depth graph was developed after the field test using the portable compaction measuring meter. The coefficient of determination was 0.963 at a drop height of 10 cm, showing the highest level of accuracy. Both horizontal axis and longitudinal axis were developed in a decimal form of graph, and the range of allowable error was ${\pm}1.28mm$ based on the penetration depth. The portable compaction measuring meter makes it possible to measure the degree of compaction simply, quickly and accurately in the field, which will ensure economic efficiency and facilitate the process management.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.460-464
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• 2012

Periodontitis is the most prevalent noncontagious disease. Periodontal probing for measuring probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) has been an important diagnostic tool to determine the presence and severity of periodontal diseases. For probing reproducibility, adroit probe handling with constant force is required.