• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.03b
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• pp.40-44
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• 1999

A finite element analysis has been performed to investigate the effect of die clearance on shear planes in the fine blanking of a part of automobile safety belt. For the analysis S45$^{\circ}C$ is selected as an material which is used in manufacturing the part of automobile safety belt and Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion is applied, Effect of die clearance on die-roll width die-roll depth burnish zone and fracture zone has been concentrately investigated in the finite element analysis. From the analytical results it has been found that die-roll width and depth of the shear plane increase with increasing die clearance. And the burnish zone has been concentrately investigated in the finite element analysis. From the analytical results it has been found that die-roll width and depth of the shear plane increase with increasing die clearance. and the burnish zone decreases with increasing die clearance but the variation of fracture zone is opposite to that of burnish zone because the increase in die clearance requires less fracture energy Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results, There is a good agreement between theory and experiment

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 1998

The object of this study was to examine and analyze the environmental deterioration of three major trails and around peak area of Moaksan Provincial park in 1996. Trails are mostly made up at ridgeline and the slope of them is gentle. Mean trail width is 3.6m, and total length of branch trails is 982m in survey area. The environmental deterioration is derived from trail extension. Maximum eroded depth and cross-section area loss are 89cm and 14,050cm2 respectively, and gully erosion type appears at many sites. The environmental deterioration of trails is very heavy at the sections from Khui to Moaksan peak and from Moakchong to ascent part around the peak. The entire width, branch trail, maximum depth, cross-sectional area loss and surface roughness, as the indexes of trail conditions, are significantly greater at the more heavily used trails. Amount of erosion is influenced by eroded depth, longitudinal slope, runoff influence and entire width in descending order as well as the amount of use. Safety and protection facilities on the trail such as stone and soil stairs, rope handrail, stone channel and soil ditch work are built, but they are very deficient. Bared lands about 4,900m2 and fill slopes are caused and formed by recreation activities and constructions around peak area. It is required to carry the recess system and to conserve and rehabilitate the destroyed trail sites and bare fill slopes as soon as possible, before the environmental deterioration becomes critical because of increased used amount in consequence of construction of recreation parks.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2009

The frictional behaviors of Cermets/Cr-Ceramics and Cu-Al coatings of piston ring were investigated. Friction tests were carried out by pin-on-disk test and materials properties of coating layer were analyzed by nano indentation tester. The effect of surface roughness of cylinder liner on the friction coefficient was analyzed. This study provided tribological data of hard and soft piston ring coatings against cylinder liner. The surface roughness does exert an influence on the average friction coefficient, with smoother surfaces generally yielding lower friction coefficients. In case of hard-coating, the scratch depth, width and pile-up height had close relationship with hardness. So the scratch width, depth and pile-up height increases with decreasing friction coefficient. But in case of soft-coating, the friction coefficients are strongly dependent on the morphological characteristics such as, scratch depth, width, pile-up height and elastic modulus.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.108-114
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• 1997

Concrete is said to have a high degree of extensibility when it is subjected to large deformations without cracking. The cracking behavior of concrete in the field may even be more complex. For example, in mass concrete compressive stresses are developed during the very early period when temperatures are rising, and the tensile stresses do not develop until at a later age when the temperature begins to decline. Actual cracking and failure depend on the combination of factors and indeed it is rarely that a single adverse factor is responsible for cracking of concrete. The importance of cracking and the minimum width at which a crack is considered significant depend on the conditions of exposure of the concrete. The ultrasonic pulse measurements can be used to detect the development of cracks in structures such as dams, and to check deterioration due to frost or chemical action. An estimate of the depth of a crack visible at the surface can be obtained by measuring the transit times across the crack for two different arrangements of the transducers placed on the surface. In this paper, the concrete cracks that artificially introduced crack width is 1 and 2mm, crack depth is 2, 4, 6, 8cm were measured by Tc-To Method In consequence, the measured depth was increased with increase of measuring distance from concrete crack. The most reliable results were shown when the introduced crack width was 1mm, and the measuring distance was 10cm from concrete crack.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

This study provides the basic data for clothing construction of teen girls by researching and analyzing the characteristics of physical changes of tween generation school girls between 8 to 14 age. Fifty eight items of direct measurements and 61 calculated-items based on the 6th Korean National Physical Standard Reports were used. Results were obtained by using ANOVA, SNK test, coefficient of variation and growth rate of age groups. Significant differences were found among all the age groups, and were in the increasing order of height > length > width > depth > circumference. The growth rate was found in the increasing order of bust depth > hip width > N.P. to B.P. > hip circumference > bust circumference and thigh circumference. There were dramatic increases in height, circumference and width during the age of 8~9 and 10~11, in length during age of 10~11, and in depth during age of 8~11. The growth of the vertical measurement items is slowing at the age of 13. The individual differences were great in the vertical measurements at the age of 8 and 9 and in the horizontal measurements, at the age of 10. The increasing growth of bust and hip than waist gave it a curved shape.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

Digging well foundation has been widely used in railway bridges due to its good economy and reliability. In other instances, bridges with digging well foundation still have damage risks during earthquakes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge of lateral behavior of digging well foundation considering the soil-foundation interaction. In this study, scaled models of bridge pier-digging well foundation system are constructed for quasi-static test to investigate their lateral behaviors. The failure mechanism and responses of the soil-foundation-pier interaction system are analyzed. The testing results indicate that the digging foundations tend to rotate as a rigid body under cyclic lateral load. Moreover, the depth-width ratio of digging well foundation has a significant influence on the failure mode of the interaction system, especially on the distribution of foundation displacement and the failure of pier. The energy dissipation capacity of the interaction system is discussed by using index of the equivalent viscous damping ratio. The damping varies with the depth-width ratio changing. The equivalent stiffness of soil-digging well foundation-pier interaction system decreases with the increase of loading displacement in a nonlinear manner. The absolute values of the interaction system stiffness are significantly influenced by the depth-width ratio of the foundation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Vertebral left atrial size can be used as a radiographic tool to evaluate left atrial size in dogs. Vertebral left atrial size has been studied in dogs; however, few studies have been conducted on breed-specific differences in healthy dogs. To study the median vertebral left atrial size differences by breed and to investigate the association between age, sex, body condition score, thoracic depth-to-width ratio, and vertebral left atrial size. A total of 220 dogs of the following breeds: Maltese (n = 73), Beagle (n = 30), Poodle (n = 41), Shih-tzu (n = 44), and Mongrel (n = 32) were reviewed retrospectively. Sex, body weight, age, and body condition score of each dog were collected. Thoracic radiography was conducted for dorsoventral and right/left lateral views in all dogs to measure the vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and thoracic depth-to-width ratio. No significant differences in the median vertebral left atrial size were found among the breeds. There were no effects of sex, age, body condition score, and thoracic depth-to-width ratio on vertebral left atrial size. There was a significant positive correlation between the vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size. Breed, age, sex, and chest conformation did not correlate with vertebral left atrial size.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

As the 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have concerned with their stability/function characteristics of structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. And as to investigate the variation characteristics of wave transmission ratio which depended to a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width obviously presented. In summary, there results lead us to the conclusions that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is high about 4 time degrees at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of covering block at the crest generated at the region which located between maximum damage curve, it maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure were 0.2L. As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When maximum scour depth happened. The destruction of covering block which located at the toe generated at the front slope destruction. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of structure may be obtained by the efficiently decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of wave transmission ratio.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1242-1253
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to suggest a designing method with excellent body suitability by analyzing clothingwearing porosity, comparing and analyzing patterns, and evaluating outer appearances by designing a prototype of study applied with design measurements for categories that have influence on the outer appearance of clothing through diverse research methods, by comparing and analyzing bunka and new bunka style basic pattern, which are proportional basic patterns most frequently used in schools for educational use to design bodice pattern for elderly women in their late 60s. As for the process of this study, the first stage selected study subjects, measured bodies. The second stage compared patterns of bunka and new bunka style basic pattern and evaluated outer appearances that deduced important pattern designing categories to design upper-torso bodice pattern of elderly women. The results of this study are as following ; As a result of comparing and analyzing bunka and new bunka style basic pattern, overall evaluation of outer appearance was excellent for new bunka style basic pattern, and bunka basic pattern received better reviews for the width and depth of front neck. In terms of waist circumference, waist front length, bust point location and bust point-bust point, bunka and new bunka style basic patterns showed a significant difference. new bunka style basic pattern had 4.5cm larger front armhole depth than bunka basic pattern, so it was evaluated to have more appropriate front armhole length, bust point location, and bust point-bust point. Through observation for primary excellent categories and precedent studies, 7 categories of front neck width, front neck depth, front interscye, back neck width, back neck depth, back interscye, and back armhole depth were deduced to have relations to the extra room around arm holes and waist that affect pattern designing method and porosity and evaluations of outer appearance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.528-534
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• 2003

The 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have been concerned with the slability/function characteristics of the structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and the wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. So, to investigate the variation characteristics of the wave transmission ratio which depended on a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width were obviously presented. In summary, the results lead us to the conclusion that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is higher than about 4 times the degree at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of the covering block at the crest generated at the region which was located between the maximum and minimum damage curve, and it's maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure was $0.2\;L_s.$ As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When the maximum scour depth happened, the destruction of the covering block which was located at the toe generated at the front of the submerged rubble-mound breakwater. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of the structure may be obtained by the efficient decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of the wave transmission ratio.