• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.468-478
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and depression in postmenopausal women using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The KNHANES is a cross-sectional nationwide health and nutrition survey. Dietary data, including omega-3 fatty acids, were assessed using the 24-h recall method. Depression was evaluated using a survey questionnaire. The association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and depression was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Depression, according to the dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake, was expressed as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 4,150 postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. RESULTS: In the fully-adjusted model, the group with the highest dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake significantly showed lower prevalence of depression than the group with the lowest intake (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83); a significant linear trend was detected (P for trend = 0.04). According to the dose-response analysis using cubic restricted spline regression, this association was linear and monotonic (P for non-linearity = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake in postmenopausal women was inversely proportional to depression in a dose-response manner. Large cohort studies are needed to verify the causality between omega-3 fatty acids and depression in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and related factors of sleep-wake disturbance (SWD) in Korean post-stroke patients. This study was the first to address post-stroke SWD in Korea using a structured questionnaire. Method: We investigated the prevalence of SWD and related factors including lesion location, stroke severity, presence of depression and fatigue. We assessed sleep-wake pattern including quality of sleep, sleep latency, wake episodes, wake time after sleep onset, daytime sleep episode and sleep time at daytime. Ninety stroke patients admitted to a university affiliated hospital in Seoul between the period September 2008 and January 2009 were included in the study. Result: Thirty five patients (38.9%) complained insomnia and 32 (35.6%) complained excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Quality of sleep (p=.000), sleep latency (p=.000) and total sleep time (p=.001) were significantly poorer in 16 patients with both insomnia and EDS than in the others. The related factors to insomnia were level of education (p=.030), depression (p=.007) and fatigue (p=.034), though related factors to EDS were stroke onset time (p=.049), stroke severity (p=.005), motor dysfunction (p=.035), dysphasia (p=.018), fatigue (p=.001) and lesion location (p=.019). Conclusion: Sleep-wake disturbance is a common problem in Korean stroke patients. Strategies to improve quality of sleep are urgently needed in the post-stroke patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1251-1254
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• 2015

Background: To compare prevalence of anxiety in ovarian cancer patients following primary treatment to that of normal women and to examine predicting factor. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 56 ovarian cancer patients who had primary surgical treatment within the past five years (cancer group) and 56 age-matched women who attended an outpatient clinic for check-ups (non-cancer group) were recruited from June 2013 to January 2014. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), was used to determine anxiety level of the participants with the score of ${\geq}11$ suggestive of anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and mean HADS scores for anxiety were compared between the study groups. For those with ovarian cancer, associations of demographic and clinical factors with anxiety was examined. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Participants in the non-cancer group had higher rate of medical comorbidity, higher salary, and more frequent university education. The prevalence of anxiety was not different between the groups, at 7.1% each. The mean HADS scores for anxiety subscale were not significantly different between the groups, 5.0 in the cancer group vs 6.1 in the non-cancer group (p=0.09). On multivariable analysis, no demographic or clinical factors significantly associated with anxiety were identified. For the cancer group, no association between any particular factors and anxiety was demonstrated. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety in women with ovarian cancer following primary treatment was comparable to that of normal women seeking routine check-up.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.527-535
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• 2019

Purpose: There is increasing prevalence of psychiatric disorders among inflammatory bowel Disease (IBD) population. Further, presence of psychiatric disorders has been shown as an independent predictor of quality of life among patients with IBD. We intended to explore the prevalence of various psychiatric disorders among pediatric and young adult population with IBD as a population-based analysis. Methods: We did a retrospective case control analysis using a deidentified cloud-based database including health care data across 26 health care networks comprising of more than 360 hospitals across USA. Data collected across different hospitals were classified and stored according to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms. We preidentified 10 psychiatric disorders and the queried the database for the presence of at least one of the ten psychiatric disorders among IBD patients between 5 and 24 years of age and compared with controls. Results: Total of 11,316,450 patients in the age group between 5 and 24 years and the number of patients with a diagnosis of IBD, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis were 58,020. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 21.6% among IBD mainly comprising of depression and anxiety disorder. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed, IBD is 5 times more likely associated with psychiatric disorders than controls, p<0.001). We showed a steady increasing trend in the incidence of psychiatric disorders among IBD patients (2% in 2006 to 15% in 2017). Conclusion: Largest population-based analysis demonstrated an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders among IBD patients. Our study emphasizes the need for psychological and mental health services to be incorporated as a part of the routine IBD clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.134-142
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• 2012

Objectives : Childhood depressive disorder one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school aged children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of childhood depressive disorder in Korea. Methods : In this study, a survey was conducted of elementary school children in the Cheonan area from September 2009 to August 2010. A total of 12,084 children were included in the analyses. The primary measure of depression was the 27-item Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Korean Dupaul attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS), Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (RLSQ) were also administered. Results : The prevalence rate of childhood depressive disorder was 3.07%. The mean age was $9.21{\pm}1.81$ years for the control group (5,969 male, 6,054 female) and $9.91{\pm}1.83$ years for the depression group (CDI score${\geq}$22 ; 159 male, 210 female). Age, height, weight, and economic status were similar for the two groups. However, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex. The distribution of school grade also differed between the two groups. Scores for CDI, K-ARS, and ASSQ in the depressive group were higher than those of the control group. Conclusions : This is the first large-scale population-based study to report on the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder in South Korea. Increased rates of childhood depressive disorder, as reported by primary caretakers, might reflect the increasing negative impact of environmental risk factors on neurobehavioral health. Longitudinal study of the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder should be considered for further evaluation.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the relationship between the presence and severity of depression and chewing problems (CPs) in a representative sample of the general population. Materials and Methods: Health surveys and examinations were conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 8150) of Korean was conducted. CPs was determined by a simple survey response concerning "Do you feel uncomfortable about chewing your food because of problems with your mouth such as teeth, dentures and gums?" Depression was defined as individuals with a total score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 survey. Data regarding demographics, socioeconomic history and comorbid health conditions were used to analyze adjusted logistic regression models. Results: In the Korean population, the prevalence of depression was significantly greater in individuals with CP (17.2%) than in those without CP (10.2%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of depression was significantly associated with CPs (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 1.90, P < 0.001). The risk of CPs increased with increasing severity of depression as follows: severe depression (OR: 2.62, P < 0.001), moderately severe depression (OR: 2.19, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of depression was significantly associated with CPs, especially in severely depressed individuals. Depression screening should be considered in treating CP patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1467-1476
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• 2014

Recent studies have shown that insufficient or deficient vitamin D status may be linked to increased risk of depressive conditions or depression. The aim of this study was to review all available evidence on vitamin D, depression, and any association between them. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies have reported contradictory results. Some have reported that low levels of vitamin D may be associated with higher risk of depression or depressive symptoms while others reported that vitamin D status may not be related to depression. Recent clinical trials examining the effects of vitamin D supplementation on depression have also showed discrepant results. However, meta-analysis study results are consistent regarding the beneficial effects of vitamin D. Several mechanisms that account for these beneficial effects of vitamin D on depression have been reported but remain largely speculative. Vitamin D deficiency is very common, and prevalence of depression is increasing in the Asian population, especially females. However, limited literature is available on this population. Considering research results of a potential inverse association between vitamin D level and prevalence of depression, it is important to advance our understanding of the role of vitamin D in depression and conduct well-designed prospective trials in the Asian population.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2020

Purpose: The prevalence rate of stroke is increasing due to the rise in the aging population. The stroke sequela, including physical and mental disabilities, remain even though patients are alive, and these circumstances are causing major problems, both socially and economically. This correlation study aimed to identify uncertainty, depression, and quality of life among stroke patients. Methods: Participants included 94 outpatients who were diagnosed with stroke and discharged from a tertiary hospital in S city. Between September and October 2014, a survey on uncertainty, depression, and quality of life was conducted. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The average scores of uncertainty, depression, and quality of life were 48.36 out of 80, 41.90 out of 80, and 175.94 out of 245, respectively. The uncertainties exhibited a positive correlation with depression and a negative correlation with quality of life. The correlation between depression and quality of life was found to be negative. Conclusion: To enhance the quality of life of stroke patients, interventions to reduce uncertainty and depression as well as improve physical care to reduce difficulties in daily living should be implemented.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the degree of postpartum depression and its predictors at six months postpartum. Methods: The subjects were 161 women six months after delivery who were registered with the public health center. The instruments included a survey of various characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS), husband support, maternal self-esteem, and marital adjustment scale. The data was analyzed using the $x^2$-test, t-test, the Pearson correlation coefficients, and the logistic regression. Results: The point prevalence of postpartum depression at six months postpartum was 14.3%, corresponding to a score of 12 or higher on the EPDS. Postpartum depression was significantly associated with husband support, maternal self-esteem, and marital adjustment. Predictors of postpartum depression identified by the logistic regression analysis include marital adjustment (OR .29 [95% CI .13-.61]) and the delivery method(OR 3.57 [95% CI 1.25-10.23]). Conclusion: Strategies for improving postpartum depression, considerations of husband support and maternal self-esteem are important in research and practice. In addition, interventions for reducing Cesarean delivery and improving marital adjustment are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the predictors of postpartum depression. Method: One hundred-sixty one women within one year after delivery from one public health center located in the northern area of Seoul were used in this study. The instruments were a survey of general characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, recent life events index, perceived social support from family, Quality of marriage index, parenting stress index, and Rosenberg's self-esteem inventory. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression. Result: The average item score of the EPDS was 6.67. 12.4% of respondents, who scored above a threshold 12, were likely to be suffering from a depression of varying severity. The fitness of the model for explaining postpartum depression from six variables, plan for pregnancy, family support, quality of marital relation, perceived social support, life events, childcare stress, and self-esteem, was statistically significant and the predictive power of these variables was 90.9%. The significant predictors of postpartum depression were family support and child care stress. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify the prevalence rate of postpartum depression using more reliable sampling methods from a large general population. Nursing interventions need to be developed for promoting family support and reducing childcare stress.