• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a generalized bivariate negative binomial distribution allowing heterogeneous dispersions on two dependent variables based on a trivariate reduction technique. In this model, we propose the score and LR tests for testing the equality of dispersions and compare the efficiencies of the proposed tests using a Monte Carlo study. The Monte Carlo study shows that the proposed score and LR tests prove to be an efficient test for the equality of dispersions in the view of the significance level and power. However, the score test is easier to compute than the LR test and it shows a slightly better performance than the LR test from the Monte Carlo study, we suggest the use of score tests for testing the equality of dispersions on two dependent variables. In addition, an empirical example is provided to illustrate the results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

Multi-criteria ABC inventory classification is one of the most widely employed techniques for efficient inventory control, and it considers more than one criterion for categorizing inventory items into groups of different importance. Recently, Ramanathan (2006) proposed a weighted linear optimization (WLO) model for the problem of multi-criteria ABC inventory classification. The WLO model generates a set of criteria weights for each item and assigns a normalized score to each item for ABC analysis. Although the WLO model is considered to have many advantages, it has a limitation that many items can share the same optimal efficiency score. This limitation can hinder a precise classification of inventory items. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a context-dependent DEA based method for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification problems. In the proposed model, items are first stratified into several efficiency levels, and then the relative attractiveness of each item is measured with respect to less efficient ones. Based on this attractiveness measure, items can be further discriminated in terms of their importance. By a comparative study between the proposed model and the WLO model, we argue that the proposed model can provide a more reasonable and accurate classification of inventory items.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.304-313
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• 1997

This study was designed to identify the degree of perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem in non - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The 278 Diabetic patients participating in this study were selected from a diabetic clinic. The period of data collection was September 2 to September 10, 1996. Collected data were analyzed by means of Frequency, Mean, SD, t - test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA using SPSS/PC+. The result are summarized as follows: 1. The mean score of perceived self-efficacy were 3.52 in total, 3.91 for medication, 3.40 for exercise, 3.60 for diet control, 3.18 for glucose test, 3.53 for general management. And the mean score of self-esteem were 3.51 2. Perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem had statistically significant positive correlations (r=.3125, p=.001). 3. The results of testing for the degree of perceived self -efficacy, according to the subject's demographic variables, showed that there were significant differences in sex (t=4.14, p<0.001), the level of education(t=6.24, p<0.01) and diabetic education(t=3.25, p<0.05). These results suggest that perceived self-efficacy and self-esteem is an important variable in the compliance of diabetic patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical performance, such as gait and postural control, and cognition on as assessed by clinical tools in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods : Twenty-six patients who had hemiparetic stroke participated in this study, and were evaluated four common clinical measurements, including the Berg balance scale (BBS), 10 meter walk test (10MWT), 6 minute walking test (6MWT), and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Multiple regression analysis was used BBS score, 10MWT, and 6MWT as the dependent variables; MoCA score, post-stroke duration, age, and affected side as independent variables. Results : In the regression equation of the BBS score, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.875, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.786, and the MoCA score was the most important variable for determining the BBS score. In the regression equation for the 10MWT, ther was 0.888, the R2 was 0.999, and the MoCA score was the most important variable for determining 10MWT. Finally, the r was 0.777, the R2 was 0.998, and the MoCA score was the most important variable for determining 6MWT in the regression equation of the 6MWT. Conclusion : The results show that cognitive abilities affect gait proficiencies in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Therefore, these results suggest that cognitive tests are necessary for examining and evaluating the abilities of postural control and gait performance for chronic stroke patients in research and clinical environments.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.334-339
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• 2018

Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the major cause of the common cold. Currently there is no registered, clinically effective, antiviral chemotherapeutic agent to treat diseases caused by HRVs. In this study, the antiviral activity of dexamethasone (DEX) against HRV1B was examined. Methods: The anti-HRV1B activity of DEX was assessed by sulforhodamine B assay in HeLa cells, and by RT-PCR in the lungs of HRV1B-infected mice. Histological evaluation of HRV1B-infected lungs was performed and a histological score was given. Anti-HRV1B activity of DEX via the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR)-dependent autophagy activation was assessed by blocking with chloroquine diphosphate salt or bafilomycin A1 treatment. Results: In HRV1B-infected HeLa cells, treatment with DEX in a dose-dependent manner, resulted in a cell viability of > 70% indicating that HRV1B viral replication was reduced by DEX treatment. HRV1B infected mice treated with DEX, had evidence of reduced inflammation and a moderate histological score. DEX treatment showed antiviral activity against HRV1B via GCR-dependent autophagy activation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that DEX treatment showed anti-HRV1B activity via GCR-dependent autophagy activation in HeLa cells and HRV1B infected mice. Further investigation assessing the development of topical formulations may enable the development of improved DEX effectiveness.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the practice level of Yangseng according to nicotine dependence. Methods : The subjects of this study were 137 male smokers in their thirties and forties, who visited Wonmi Public Health Center. They were evaluated with Fagerstorm's test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and Tool in Measuring Yangseng (TMY). By FTND score, they were divided into three groups; the mild nicotine dependent group, moderate group and severe group. Results : In TMY score, there were statistically significant differences in the characteristics of Diet, Activity & Rest, Sleep and total score among the three groups. The value of FTND comparing the values of Mind, Diet, Activity & Rest, Sleep and total score in this study resulted in negative correlations, which showed statistical significance. Conclusions : The above results suggest that there are significant relations between nicotine dependence and the practice level of Yangseng. These results can be used for planning a smoking cessation program and a Yangseng health promotion program based on Korean traditional medicine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.531-543
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• 2002

To assess the dietary therapy compliance of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients living in Daegu, we evaluated diet adequacy levels by index of nutritional quality (INQ), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and dietary variety score (DVS) with food exchange system and Korean recommended dietary allowances (KRDA). One day dietary intake was measured by 24 hour recall method for 229 subjects over 20 years of age. Average daily energy intake was 1444 kcal. The relative ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat in terms of energy intake was 69.4：14.5：16.0. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for Vitamin A, B$_2$, calcium were lower than 0.5 and MAR was 0.65. It appeared that the consumption of each food group as compared to prescribed food exchange unit was insufficient, in the order of dairy group (10.2 $\pm$ 25.2%), fruits group (58.2 $\pm$ 71.2%) and oils & fats group (42.9 $\pm$ 42.0%). The dietary variety score (DVS) was evaluated as an useful tool for diabetes' meal management when we accept minimum intake as 0.3 of food exchange unit. We found significant correlation between food groups and anthropometric indices: cereals group and % total body fat (r = 0.251, p < 0.01), meat group and waist circumference (r = 0.241, p < 0.01), vegetables group and WHR(r = 0.139, p < 0.05), and oils poop and WHR(r = 0.165, p < 0.05). from these results, we concluded that overall status of dietary intake of NIDDM patients in Daegu area was insufficient not only in quality but also in quantity. It is suggested that nutrition education for NIDDM patients should stress on balanced food consumption to meet proscribed amount by six food group to improve the inadequacy of dietary status.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.643-648
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• 2019

Objective : Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SdHCP) is a well-known complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The risk factors for SdHCP have been widely investigated, but few risk scoring systems have been established to predict SdHCP. This study was performed to investigate the risk factors for SdHCP and devise a risk scoring system for use before aneurysm obliteration. Methods : We reviewed the data of 301 consecutive patients who underwent aneurysm obliteration following SAH from September 2007 to December 2016. The exclusion criteria for this study were previous aneurysm obliteration, previous major cerebral infarction, the presence of a cavum septum pellucidum, a midline shift of >10 mm on initial computed tomography (CT), and in-hospital mortality. We finally recruited 254 patients and analyzed the following data according to the presence or absence of SdHCP : age, sex, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, aneurysm size and location, type of treatment, bicaudate index on initial CT, intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, vasospasm, and modified Rankin scale score at discharge. Results : In the multivariate analysis, acute HCP (bicaudate index of ${\geq}0.2$) (odds ratio [OR], 6.749; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.843-16.021; p=0.000), Fisher grade of 4 (OR, 4.108; 95% CI, 1.044-16.169; p=0.043), and an age of ${\geq}50years$ (OR, 3.938; 95% CI, 1.375-11.275; p=0.011) were significantly associated with the occurrence of SdHCP. The risk scoring system using above parameters of acute HCP, Fisher grade, and age (AFA score) assigned 1 point to each (total score of 0-3 points). SdHCP occurred in 4.3% of patients with a score of 0, 8.5% with a score of 1, 25.5% with a score of 2, and 61.7% with a score of 3 (p=0.000). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for the risk scoring system was 0.820 (p=0.080; 95% CI, 0.750-0.890). In the internal validation of the risk scoring system, the score reliably predicted SdHCP (AUC, 0.895; p=0.000; 95% CI, 0.847-0.943). Conclusion : Our results suggest that the herein-described AFA score is a useful tool for predicting SdHCP before aneurysm obliteration. Prospective validation is needed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.663-667
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• 1999

In this paper, we review the conventional speaker verification algorithm and present the text-dependent speaker verification system for application over telephone lines and its result of experiments. We apply blind-segmentation algorithm which segments speech into sub-word unit without linguistic information to the speaker verification system for training speaker model effectively with limited enrollment data. And the World-mode] that is created from PBW DB for score normalization is used. The experiments are presented in implemented system using database, which were constructed to simulate field test, and are shown 3.3% EER.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 1985

The completely answered questionnaires were analyzed for the nutrition knowledge, food habits, value orientation, and the sources of nutrition information of housewives of 20's to 40's. The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge, that is the knowledge that each subject believed she hadm but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 51.6%. The mean nutrition knowledge score was 6.63 out of possible 15 points, and food habit score was 5.31 out of 10 points. Most of the subjects belonged to "Good" to "Fair" food habit group, which is considered to be relatively good. With increasing age and decreasing level of education, the percent of perceived knowledge and accuracy, and nutricion knowledge score were getting lower. However, the food habit score was getting higher with increasing age. This suggests that food habit was dependent more upon the length of married life than the nutrition knowledge in housewives. The corelation between nutrition knowledge score and food habit score was low. The economic area was the most concerned area of the subjects, followed by health and social. The scores of utrition knowledge and food abits of the subjects who ranked the health the highest were not different from those of economic and social. TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines were the most important sources of nutrition information.