• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.554-559
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• 2003

In this paper the possibility of snorer-dependent snore recognition using cepstral coefficients was suggested. We assumed that snore and speech sounds have some similarities and we used cepstral coefficients which are widely used for speech recognition. Snoring data were acquired from 18 persons including 5 patients diagnosed as snore patient. To evaluate the performance of proposed method, the distance ratio based on LPC cepstral coefficients was selected as an index for snorer-dependent snore recognition. As a result, distance ratio of 3 was selected as optimal value showing the most efficient snorer-dependent snore recognition, which is high accuracy of 95.05％ on average. In conclusion, the proposed method showed the possibilities to be applied in clinical applications for snorer-dependent snore recognition.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 1999

The creep characteristics of concrete under tensile stress has been usually assumed to have the same characteristics as that under compressive stress in the time-dependent analysis of concrete structures. However, it appears from the recent experimental studies that tensile creep behavior is much different from compressive one. In particular, high sustaining tensile stress may cause time-dependent cracking and thus lead to tensile failure. It is, therefore, necessary to model the tensile creep behavior accurately for realistic time-dependent analysis of concrete structures. The present paper to have been focused to suggested more realistic model for the tensile creep behavior of concrete. The models are compared with tensile creep test data available in the literature. The proposed model may allow more refined analysis of concrete structures under time-dependent loading.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2014

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), including nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin ($PGI_2$), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), play pivotal roles in regulating vascular tone. Reduced EDRFs cause impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, or endothelial dysfunction. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) is consistently observed in conduit vessels in human patients and experimental animal models of hypertension. Because small resistance arteries are known to produce more than one type of EDRF, the mechanism(s) mediating endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries may be different from that observed in conduit vessels under hypertensive conditions, where vasorelaxation is mainly dependent on NO. EDHF has been described as one of the principal mediators of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries in normotensive animals. Furthermore, EDHF appears to become the predominant endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation pathway when the endothelial NO synthase (NOS3)/NO pathway is absent, as in NOS3-knockout mice, whereas some studies have shown that the EDHF pathway is dysfunctional in experimental models of hypertension. This article reviews our current knowledge regarding EDRFs in small arteries under normotensive and hypertensive conditions.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.721-730
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• 2010

In this paper we consider some results on convergence for arrays of rowwise and pairwise negatively quadrant dependent random variables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.127-132
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• 2006

Quantization in video coding plays an important role in controlling the bit-rate of compressed video bit-streams. It has been used as an important control means to adjust the amount of bit-streams to at]owed bandwidth of delivery networks and storage. Due to the dependent nature of video coding, dependent quantization has been proposed and applied for MPEG-2 video coding to better maintain the quality of reconstructed frame for given constraints of target bit-rate. Since Scalable Video Coding (SVC) being currently standardized exhibits highly dependent coding nature not only between frames but also lower and higher scalability layers where the dependent quantization can be effectively applied, in this paper, we propose a dependent quantization scheme for SVC and compare its performance in visual qualities and bit-rates with the current JSVM reference software for SVC. The proposed technique exploits the frame dependences within each GOP of SVC scalability layers to formulate dependent quantization. We utilize Lagrange optimization, which is widely accepted in R-D (rate-distortion) based optimization, and construct trellis graph to find the optimal cost path in the trellis by minimizing the R-D cost. The optimal cost path in the trellis graph is the optimal set of quantization parameters (QP) for frames within a GOP. In order to reduce the complexity, we employ pruning procedure using monotonicity property in the trellis optimization and cut the frame dependency into one GOP to decrease dependency depth. The optimal Lagrange multiplier that is used for SVC is equal to H.264/AVC which is also used in the mode prediction of the JSVM reference software. The experimental result shows that the dependent quantization outperforms the current JSVM reference software encoder which actually takes a linear increasing QP in temporal scalability layers. The superiority of the dependent quantization is achieved up to 1.25 dB increment in PSNR values and 20% bits saving for the enhancement layer of SVC.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2002

The aerobic respiratory chain of Vibrio alginolyticus possesses two different kinds of NADH oxidase systems, i.e., an $Na^{+}$-dependent NADH oxidase system and an $Na^{+}$-independent NADH oxidase system. When deamino-NADH, which is the only substrate for the $Na^{+}$-dependent NADH oxidase system, was used as a substrate, the maximum activities of $N^{+}$-dependent NADH: quinone oxidoreductase and $Na^{+}$-dependent NADH oxidase were obtained at about 0.06 M and 0.2 M NaCl, respectively. When NADH, which is a substrate for both $Na^{+}$-dependent and $Na^{+}$-independent NADH oxidase systems was used as a substrate, the NADH oxidase activity had a pH optimum at about 8.0. In cGntrastl when deamino-NADH was used as a substrate, the NADH oxidase activity had a pH optimum at about 9.0. On the other handle inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from the wild-type bacterium generated only a very small $\Delta$pH by the NADH oxidase system, whereas inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from Napl, which is a mutant defective in the $Na^{+}$ pump, generated $\Delta$pH to a considerable extent by the NADH oxidase system. On the basis of the results\ulcorner it was concluded that the respiratory chain-linked components of V. atginotyticus affect each other.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.223-248
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• 2014

Although a figure expression has a role of mediator in the geometry proof, it is not admitted to prove based on a vision-dependent feature. This study starts from the problem that although a figure expression has an important role in the geometry proof, a lot of students don't understand the limit of vision-dependent feature in the figure expression. We will investigate this problem to understand cognitive characteristic of students. Moreover, we try to get the didactical implications. To do this, we investigate the cognitive ability for a limit of vision-dependent feature, targeting a class of middle school seniors And we will have a personal interview with four students who show a lack of sense of limit of vision-dependent feature in the figure expression and two students for who it is difficult to judge that they don't understand the limit of vision-dependent feature in the figure expression. We will observe and analyzed the cognitive characteristic of six students. Based on the analysis, we will finally discuss on the didactical implications to help students understand the limit of vision-dependent feature in the figure expression.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Due to the time-dependent properties of materials, structures, and loads, accurate time-dependent effects analysis and precise construction controls are very significant for rational analysis and design and saving project cost. Elevation control is an important part of the time-dependent construction control in supertall structures. Since supertall structures have numerous floors, heavy loads, long construction times, demanding processes, and are typically located in the soft coastal soil areas, both the time-dependent features of superstructure and settlement are very obvious. By using the time-dependent coupling effect analysis method, this paper compares Shanghai Tower's vertical deformation calculation and elevation control scheme, considering foundation differential settlement. The results show that the foundation differential settlement cannot be ignored in vertical deformation calculations and elevation control for supertall structures. The impact of foundation differential settlement for elevation compensation and pre-adjustment length can be divided into direct and indirect effects. Meanwhile, in the engineering practice of elevation control for supertall structures, it is recommended to adopt the multi-level elevation control method with relative elevation control and design elevation control, without considering the overall settlement in the construction process.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.182-189
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• 1998

Administration of ginsenosides, a mixture of saponin extracted from Panax ginseng, decreased blood pressure in rat. Previous studies have shown that ginsenosides caused endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was associated with the formation of cyclic GMP, suggested that ginsenosides caused release of nitric oxide (NO) from the vascular endothelium. The aim of the present study was to characterize the endothelium-independent relaxation to ginsenosides in the isolated rat aorta. Ginsenosides caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of rat aortic rings without endothelium constricted with 25 mM KCI but affected only minimally those constricted with 60 mM KCI. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) was a more potent vasorelaxing agonist than total ginsenoside mixture and also the ginsenoside PPT and PPD groups. Relaxation to ginsenosides were markedly reduced by TEA, but not by glibenclamide. Rg3 significantly inhibited Cal'-induced concentration-contraction curves and the "50a2'influx in aortic rings incubated in 25 mM KCI whereas those responses were not affected in 60 mM KCI. Rg3 caused efflux of $"Rb in aortic rings that was inhibited by tetraethy- lammonium (TEA), an inhibitor of Ca"-dependent K'channels, but not by glibenclamide, an inhibitor of AfP-dependent K'channels. These findings indicate that ginsenosides may induce vasorelaxation via activation of Ca2'-dependent K'channels resulting in hyperpolarization of the vas- cular smooth muscle with subsequent inhibition of the opening of voltage-dependent Caf'channels. These effects could contribute to explain the red ginseng-associated vasodilation and the beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.179-200
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of service training and arbitration support on superstore workers' work performance. The conclusion could be summarized as follows. First, as a result of Hypothesis 1 that service training and arbitration support for superstore workers would significantly affect the factor of workers' emotional labor, when surface acting of emotion and frequency of expressing emotions were the dependent variable, only arbitration support was positively correlated. When emotional diversity was the dependent variable, there was a significantly positive relationship with service training. Second, for Hypothesis 2 that service training and arbitration support for superstore workers would significantly influence the workers' job satisfaction, it was found that only organizational support was significantly positive when wage satisfaction was the dependent variable. When job satisfaction was the dependent variable, service training and arbitration support were significantly correlated positively. Third, for Hypothesis 3 that service training and arbitration support for superstore workers would significantly affect the service delivery level when service responsiveness was the dependent variable, service training and arbitration support were significantly positive. When service expertise was the dependent variable, there was also a significantly positive relationship with service training and arbitration. On the other hand, all the three independent variables-service training, organizational support, and arbitration support-showed a significantly positive relationship when the willingness and effort of service was the dependent variable.