• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.88-107
• /
• 2021

Purpose - Using a model that highlights Ricardian comparative advantage and Cournot competition, I derive theoretical predictions on how bilateral measures of trade intensity, specialization, and intra-industry are interrelated, and how Ricardian productivity differences affect these measures. We test the predictions using trade and production data, and confirm them. Design/methodology - A simple two-country general equilibrium model is constructed to derive theory-based bilateral indexes. We then test the relationships among them using panel data for 35 countries and 14 industries between 1996 and 2008. Findings - Bilateral trade intensity is increasing in specialization, as in the classical trade theory, and in intra-industry trade, as in the new trade theory. However, productivity differences positively affect specialization, and negatively affect intra-industry trade. These effects cancel each other; thus productivity differences have little impact on trade intensity. Originality/value - This paper provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding the relationship among trade intensity, specialization, intra-industry trade, and productivity differences. We derive theory-consistent measures of specialization, intra-industry trade, and productivity differences. Moreover, we reevaluate the empirical relevance of these variables for the study of gravity equations. This paper is also an effort to capture oligopolistic competition in a general equilibrium framework, interests in which recently resurged.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.382-387
• /
• 2017

이 논문은 시설채소류의 특화계수와 특화에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 2000년, 2005년, 2010년 농업총조사 자료를 이용하여 지역특화 계수를 도출하였다. 분석결과 시설 시금치와 상추의 특화정도가 심화된 것으로 나타났다. 즉 2000년 이후 시설원예 채소류의 지역별 특화정도가 강화되고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 로짓분석을 통해 시설 시금치와 상추의 특화에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 시금치의 특화에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 1인당 GRDP, 연령, 학력, 평균종사자수, 컴퓨터보유비율이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 1인당 GRDP, 연령, 학력이 낮을수록, 평균 종사자수와 컴퓨터보유비율이 높을수록 시설 시금치가 특화되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 상추의 특화에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 1인당 GRDP, 학력, 생산자조직비율이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 1인당 GRDP, 연령, 학력이 낮을수록, 생산자조직비율이 높을수록 시설 상추가 특화되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 시설 엽채류의 지역별 특화수준을 진단하고 경쟁력 강화를 위한 전략을 마련할 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 지역농정의 역량을 선택과 집중의 강령에 입각하여 지역농업 특화 전략을 전개하는 대책이 요망된다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2015

KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS) is dedicated to nurturing leadership-level professionals in nuclear power plant (NPP) engineering. KINGS have designed curriculum based on two philosophies. First, we balance aspects of discipline engineering, specialty engineering, and management engineering in the framework of systems engineering. Second, KINGS have designed the curriculum so that students can learn and experience the know-what, know-how and know-why level knowledge of NPP engineering and management. The specialization programs are opened during the 2nd year for 3 trimesters and those are a process of learning through practical project courses. The objectives of the specialization programs are to help students to learn the NPP life cycle technologies in highly structured and systematic ways. The systems engineer program (SEP) is one of the specialization programs. A practical case of the SEP which was applied to the project course for the NPP electric power system design education will be elaborated in this paper.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.223-227
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine of the present conditions and course of Korea physical therapy. As reviewing the curriculums for physical therapy education, the system for physical therapist licence issue. and working condition of physical therapist have been suggested a strategy far specialization of physical therapist and course of Korea physical therapy. Based on the research results, the following considerations and guidelines are presented. 1. Need to specialization of curriculum for physical therapy education. 2. For increase quality of treatment, decrease the number of patient per daily treatment by a physical therapist. 3. Specialization of physical therapist role at department of physical therapy, university hospital and general hospital. 4. Establishing physical therapy residency program at university hospital and general hospital. 5. Preparing the law for independent clime open of physical therapist.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.85-105
• /
• 1999

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the managerial performance of small and medium-size hospitals that are specialized in certain areas of medical services. Data of 189 hospitals were obtained from the data file of Korea Institute of Health Services Management The items include general characteristics of the hospitals, fianancial reports, and utilization records. Degree of specialization is measured by concentration(Herfindahl) index, and the sample hospitals are accordingly classified into specialized and unspecialized groups, by means of cluster analysis. These groups are compared in terms of various measures of managerial performance, which include several profitability indices such as operating margin, return on assets(ROA), and return on equity(ROE). To examine the relationship between specialization and managerial performance, we estimate the regression model, where the profitability indices are used as the dependent variables and the concentration index as the independent variable, controlling for the hospital characteristics such as size, type and location. Also, we perform 'Du Pont' analysis, to investigate the basic elements that can explain the differences in profitability between specialized and unspecialized hospitals. Major findings are as follows: 1. Managerial performance is better for the specilized hospitals than the unspecilized, in all aspects of profitability(operating margin, ROA, ROE). 2. Regression analysis suggests that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship beween the degree of specialization(i.e. concentration) and hospital profitability. 3. Main reason for the higher profitability of specialized hospitals lies in lower expenses rather than higher revenue. 4. In particular, personnel and material expenses are significantly smaller for the specialized hospitals, and this result seems to stem from the efficiency of operating fewer lines of business.(some kind of 'economies of scale') 5. Specialized hospitals also have fewer employees compared with the unspecialized, especially in administrative departments, which implies their efficient personnel management.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.227-247
• /
• 2012

This paper investigates the source of bilateral trade imbalance at industry level. We build a simple model based on gravity theory and derive the prediction that the bilateral trade balance in an industry is increasing in the difference between trading partners in the output share of the industry. We test this prediction and find that the difference in industry share is highly significant in predicting both the sign and the magnitude of trade balance at industry level. We also find that FTAs tend to enlarge trade imbalance at industry level. However, the overall predictive power of the model is rather limited, suggesting that factors other than production specialization are important in determining trade balance at industry level. Another finding of the paper is that the influence of the difference in industry share on trade balance increases as we move to industries that produce more homogeneous products. This finding calls into question monopolistic competition as the main driver of gravity in international trade.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.323-344
• /
• 2023

This study investigates the resilient structural characteristics of a region by assessing the impact of the financial crisis. Utilizing panel data at the prefecture level for metropolitan cities across pre-shock (2006-2008), shock (2009), and post-shock (2010-2019) periods, we calculated an employment resilience index by combining the resistance and recovery indices. The panel logit regression measures the influences of the region's industrial structure and external economic factors in response to the global financial crisis. The results revealed that the diversity index of industries contributed to the post-shock recovery bounce-back. Additionally, the presence of large firms and industrial clusters within the region positively contributed to economic resilience. The specialization and the proportion of manufacturing industries showed negative effects, suggesting that regions overly reliant on manufacturing-centered specialization might be vulnerable to external shocks. Furthermore, excessive capital outflows for market expansion were found to have a detrimental impact on regional economic recovery.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.354-361
• /
• 2011

In order to product dry goods of Gastrodiae Rhizoma with high quality, tubers were treated with various dry methods such as cutting, drying methods and steaming. In cutting than no cutting, they were shown shorter drying hours and lower drying yield. Drying hours in freeze drying was shorter than those of hot air and far-infrared ray. Total polyphenol content was higher in cutting than no cutting. According to steaming, it was increased in freeze drying but decreased rapidly in the other dry methods. Among all treatments, hot air dry treatment with cutting and no steaming had the highest total polyphenol content. Gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol contents generally were similar or higher in cutting than no cutting. By steaming, gastrodin content in freeze drying was decreased but 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content was increased. But hot-air and infrared ray dry, they were shown opposite results. Gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol contents showed opposite reaction to each other and were shown various response by dry methods.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2011

This paper is intended to suggest some reference materials for future specialization of university education about healthcare facility design in Korea, by reviewing the degree systems and curriculum of 5 universities where architecture departments have specialized program for healthcare facility design in USA. Research method includes the navigation of related homepages, the e-mail contacts with the professors in charge, and the analysis of collected materials. Some conclusions can be summarized as following : Degrees of the specialized programs under concentration or track system are awarded as the same title as master program in the department of Architecture. Specialized education programs can be largely classified by concentration/track systems( Clemson University, University of Kansas and Arizona State University) which are operated independently in general and certificate system(Texas A&M University and Texas Tech University) which adds some healthcare related courses to general master program in the department of Architecture. As distinctive curriculum from 5 Universities, Clemson University which offers almost courses related to healthcare facility design, University of Kansas which provides internships(6 credits each) for summer term & fall semester of 2nd year, and Texas Tech University where certificate program is co-operated by architecture and nursing department can be mentioned. In order to pursuit the specialization of university education about healthcare facility design in the department of Architecture, it would be desirable to proceed it after setting the direction such as concentration, track or certificate system according to the various circumstances & conditions of the department concerned.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제11권11호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This study, in seeking to understand the trade structure of both Korea and China, aims to strengthen Korea-China economic cooperation; it examines trade impediments by analyzing the problems affecting trade and addressing these problems, thereby discovering ways to expand trade between these countries. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The index of trade intensity developed by the trade intensity theory (Kruger, 1997) is used to analyze the trade decision factors of both countries. Although specific factors should have materialized from the analysis of trade decision factors, determining concrete explanations is difficult in reality, as there are many unsolved and diverse factors. Results - First, the index of A value/B value is the index of Korean versus Chinese market share/Korean versus world market share, which is a measure of comparative market intensity. Second, Korea has a comparative advantage in export specialization and, conversely, China has a comparative advantage in import specialization. Third, compared to 2000, the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indexes are considerably improved. Conclusions - This study used quantitative measurement for analysis, applying trade intensity theory, trade specialization, and RCA indexes to gauge how inter-trade relations have changed between Korea and China during the past 10 years (2000, 2005, and 2012).