• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2014

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate career awareness of the students majoring in optometry in Gyeongnam area so that it could be used as a database to educate them on their career. Methods. The graduates of the Department of Optometry in 6 universities of Gyeongnam area were surveyed through a questionnaire. Results. Most of their motive for entering Department of Optometry was for 'finding a job(38%), while at the time of entrance, most of them (55%) thought 'optician' as their job after graduation. Now most of them are the expectant graduate and they still think 'optician' as their job(54%). The biggest reason why they think of this career was 'aptitude(34%),' and most of them wanted their first monthly wage as less than '1.5 million won (46%).' For the desired work time, most of them said 'less than 10 hours a day (73%),' and they have been figured out to want '2 days off a week and monthly paid holiday (35%).' For the questions asking any improvements that are needed for department of Optometry, they (32%) answered 'equipments that are old or in short.' For the question asking if they are willing to choose optical task even if they entered a company that is irrelevant with it, most of them (37%) said they will if the conditions work, and the other 37% said they didn't know. Conclusions. The cooperation among universities and the field and their interest are required so that the students of the Department of Optometry would be able to work with pride as a professional to improve social welfare.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1587-1593
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• 2022

Purpose. This study was to investigate the degree of refractive error that occurs depending on the measurement location of the subject when performing a refraction test using the automatic refractor. Methods. When performing the auto-refraction test, measurements were taken while increasing the distance between the forehead and the forehead rest, and the measurements were made by tilting the head clockwise and counterclockwise. Results. During the auto-refraction test, significant refractive error occurred when the forehead was not attached to the forehead support or the subject's head was turned clockwise or counterclockwise. Conclusions. When performing a refraction test using an automatic refractor, the examiner will have to pay attention to whether the subject's forehead is in close contact with the forehead rest, and whether the head is tilted.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1502-1510
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• 2021

Purpose. To investigate on the awareness of consumers on the expertise of optometrists. Methods. Data were collected and analyzed through an online questionnaire targeting 63 consumers (42 consumers over the age of 10 who wore glasses, and 21 students in the Department of Optometry). Result. As a consideration when choosing an optometrist, consumers considered the variety of products (15 persons(23.8%)), expertise such as optometry and fitting, kindness and credibility (11 persons(17.5%)). Students in the Department of Optometry of each selected expertise such as optometry and fitting, kindness and credibility (5 persons(7.9%)) and the results were high. In addition, about the main tasks of optometrists, 20 consumers (31.7%) and 9 students (14.3%)(SD 14.5±5.5) answered that they were medical technicians specializing in vision health. And the service satisfaction of the optometrist (5 point scale) was evaluated as 3.77 points for the consumers and 3.76 points for students(SD 3.77±0.01), and the reliability (5 point scale) for the consumers was 3.42 points and students 3.53 points (SD 3.48±0.06). In terms of expertise (5 point scale), the consumers scored 3.47 points and current students 3.58 points (SD 3.53±0.06). Conclusion. As a result of the study on consumer awareness of the expertise of optometrists, there was no significant difference in the perceptions of the reliability, service, and expertise of optometrists in the opinion of the consumers and students of the Department of Optometry. In terms of reliability and expertise, students in the Department of Optometry were evaluated somewhat higher than the consumers. Therefore, in order for consumers to be able to trust the expertise of optometrists in the future, it is necessary to take pride in being a medical technician specializing in vision health, and to actively promote and make efforts to inform consumers that optometrists are experts recognized by the state.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2013

Due to the rapid advancement of auto-refractor technology, most optometry shops provide refraction services. Despite their speed and convenience, the measurement values provided by auto-refractors include a significant degree of error due to psychological and physical factors. Therefore, there is a need for repetitive testing to obtain a smaller mean error value. However, even repetitive testing itself might not be sufficient to ensure accurate measurements. Therefore, research on a method of measurement that can complement auto-refractor measurements and provide confirmation of refraction results needs to be conducted. The customized optometry model described herein can satisfy the above requirements. With existing technologies, using human eye measurement devices to obtain relevant individual optical feature parameters is no longer difficult, and these parameters allow us to construct an optometry model for individual eyeballs. They also allow us to compute visual images produced from the optometry model using the CODE V macro programming language before recognizing the diffraction effects visual images with the neural network algorithm to obtain the accurate refractive diopter. This study attempts to combine the optometry model with the back-propagation neural network and achieve a double check recognition effect by complementing the auto-refractor. Results show that the accuracy achieved was above 98% and that this application could significantly enhance the service quality of refraction.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2011

Purpose: To find an empirical fitting curve to represent the relationship between the luminous transmittance and tinted time in tinted lenses using exponential decay curves. Methods: Total ninety tinted lenses were prepared with CR-39 lenses and six different colored dyes. Single, double and triple exponential decay curves were used as trial curves in order to find the empirical fitting curve. Result: The results showed that the best empirical fitting curve was triple exponential decay curves. Conclusions: We propose triple exponential decay curves as proper empirical fitting curves to represent the tinted-time dependence of the luminous transmittance in tinted lenses.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2015

Purpose. This study was to investigate comparison of the near eye position according to the spectacle and contact lens wearing. Methods. We measured the AC/A ratio and near horizontal phoria using modified Thorington method in each case spectacle and contact lens wearing of equivalent spherical power after measuring the full corrected diopter for 20 subjects (men 5, woman 15, $21.15{\pm}1.35$ years) without specific ocular diseases, ocular surgery experience and vision anomalies. Results. It was shown high correlation between spectacle and contact lens wearing as AC/A ratio is a correlation coefficient 0.99 (p=0.00), near horizontal phoria is a correlation coefficient 0.95 (p=0.00). And contact lens wearing increased as AC/A ratio by $0.32{\pm}1.35$ ${\Delta}/D$ (p=0.31) and near horizontal phoria by $-0.17{\pm}2.18$ ${\Delta}$ (p=0.73) than spectacle wearing but there was no statistically significant difference. As the higher myopic grade AC/A ratio increased and then was shown decreased tendency in -6.00 D < $SED{\leq}-4.00$ D group (p>0.05) and as the higher myopic grade near exophoria increased but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions. We should consider that the subjects who had the lower AC/A ratio or higher near exophoria in -6.00 D < $SED{\leq}-4.00$ D group were necessary to measure AC/A ratio and near horizontal phoria when they were wearing contact lens because contact lens wearing tended to increase the near exophoria than spectacle wearing.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.662-670
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• 2016

Purpose. Because of a recent increase in use of soft contact lens at younger ages, in the present study, the correlation between corneal eccentricity and radius of curvature and fitting types of contact lens was investigated. Methods. The study evaluated the fitting status of targets through lens centration, push-up test, dynamic lag test and static lag test of lenses usually worn by 49 men and women (98eyes) in their 20s to 30s who put on soft contact lenses. After evaluation, the subjects were classified into 3 categories by fitting status(steep, aligment and flat). The radius of corneal curvature in the naked eyes was measured by using keratometer. Moreover the corneal eccentricity in the nasal side, temporal side, superior side and inferior side was measured by using the device capable of measuring the corneal eccentricity. Results. The radius of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity of soft lenses worn by subjects were higher in the order of steep fitting and flat fitting, and the higher average corneal curvature radius and corneal eccentricity is intend to be more steep fitting(p=0.051, p=0.052). The corneal eccentricity showed a tendency to nasal fitting type at the higher eccentricity and temporal fitting type at the smaller eccentricity, statistically significant difference was observed(p<0.05). The study showed there were low correlation that nasal and temporal side at steep fitting, superior side at normal fitting and 4side(nasal, temporal, superior, inferior) at flat fitting, therefore when the corneal eccentricity changed the radius of corneal curvature also changed. The corneal eccentricity and the radius of corneal curvature showed statistically significant difference at 4side and each fitting types(p<0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study, the fitting status, of wearer are based on radius of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity, and if lens fitting would be done considering that, it seems to be useful in a soft contact lens prescription.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1535-1542
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• 2021

Purpose. This study categorizes vision correction subjects by age and gender, and aims to find out which glasses or contact lenses the subjects of each age group show preference based on the answers of the questionnaires answered by the subjects. Methods. A study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire through SNS on the types of correction tools used for the purpose of correcting ametropia for the general public from their teens to their 50s. Results. As for the most preferred method for correcting asymmetry, in the case of teenagers, glasses were the most common at 50%, glasses and contact lenses the most at 43.8% each, and glasses in their 30s at 50%. Those in their 40s had the most glasses at 75%, and those in their 50s wore glasses and sunglasses at 50%. Conclusions. Since the demand for vision correction and eye protection methods varies according to age and gender, it is necessary to identify and design the flow of these demands in the existing market. Therefore, it is necessary to make a judgment that can contribute to the development of eye health targeting the main customer base and the provision of appropriate services to consumers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1232-1237
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• 2019

Purpose. In this study, two types of soft contact lenses with different materials were selected to compare the time of tear film destruction and high order aberrations before and after wearing. Methods. Thirty patients (60 eyes) in their 20s were included in this study. Two lenses with different materials, Group 4 (Etafilcon A) and Group 5 (Narafilcon A) were selected. Using aberration analyzer and keratometry, high-order aberration and tear film test (NIF-BUT, NIAvg-BUT) were performed before and after wearing. Results. When comparing the higher aberrations of the Etafilcon A and Narafilcon A lenses, the higher aberrations of the Narafilcon A lens were higher overall. For the initial tear film break-up time (NIF-BUT) after wearing, the Etafilcon A lens was reduced by 4.0 seconds and the Narafilcon A lens increased by 0.6 seconds. For the mean tear film break-up time (NIAvg-BUT) after wearing, the Etafilcon A lens decreased by 2.4 seconds and the Narafilcon A lens increased by 1.7 seconds. Conclusions. NIF-BUT and NIAvg-BUT of Narafilcon A lens were increased. The lens with relatively low water content and higher oxygen permeability than the lens with high water content has relatively less tear evaporation, which means that the time of destruction of the tear film is increased.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1639-1643
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• 2023

Purpose. We wanted to find out how the changes in brain function affected by the beats per minute (BPM) of music affected visual function. Methods. The subjects were 40 people in their 20s (30 men, 10 women) with no eye disease, strabismus, amblyopia and a corrected visual acuity of 1.0 or higher. Wearing headphones while excluding surrounding noise as much as possible, we played music while adjusting the beat rate at 40 BPM intervals from 80 to 200 BPM. Then, pupil size measurement, lag of accommodation test, and minus lens addition method maximum accommodation test were performed and analyzed. Results. As a result of analyzing changes in visual function according to beats per minute [BPM], it was found that although sound can be consciously affected, it does not directly affect visual function significantly in terms of accommodative lag and changes in pupil size. It was confirmed that the effect was limited to the maximum accommodation. Conclusions. In clinical practice, it is necessary to conduct a refraction test while keeping in mind that there are changes in visual function depending on the BPM of surrounding sounds.