• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2003

본 연구는 All-In-One system의 적용 시간과 도포횟수에 따라 유치 상아질과 복합레진의 접착 강도와 혼성층에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 Single bonding agent(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus, 3M, USA)와 All-In-One system(Prompt-L pop, 3M ESPE, USA)를 사용하였고 수복용 레진으로 복합레진(Z-250, 3M, USA)를 사용한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 전단 결합 강도는 Single bonding agent를 적용한 경우 All-In-One system을 적용한 군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 2. Prompt L-pop을 2회, 3회 적용한 경우에 전단 결합 강도는 1회 적용한 군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 혼성층의 두께는 1회 적용군보다 2회, 3회 적용한 군에서 증가하였다. 3. Prompt L-pop을 15초 적용한 경우에 전단 결합 강도는 7초 적용한 군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 30초 적용군과는 차이가 없었다. 혼성층의 두께는 7초 적용군이 가장 얇고, 15초군과 30초군에서는 차이가 없었다. 4. Single bonding agent를 이용한 경우 두터운 $2-4{\mu}m$의 혼성층이 관찰된 반면, All-In-One bonding system(Prompt L-pop, 3M ESPE, USA)에서는 비교적 얇은 혼성층($1-2{\mu}m$)이 형성되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.14
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate solution (Punica granatum) on eroded dentin through antioxidant action, shear bond strength (SBS) and interface morphology. Materials and Methods: The 10% pomegranate peel extract was prepared by the lyophilization method. Punicalagin polyphenol was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by capturing the 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. For the SBS, 48 dentin fragments were divided into sound or eroded, and subdivided according to the pretreatment (n = 12): water or P. granatum. The surfaces were restored with self-etch adhesive and a bulk-fill resin (Ecosite; DMG). The SBS was done immediately (24 hours) and after thermal cycling + water storage (12 months). For scanning electron microscopy, 48 dentin fragments (24 sound and 24 eroded) received the same treatments as for SBS (n = 6), and they were analyzed after 24 hours and 12 months. Results: The P. granatum had antioxidant action similar (p = 0.246) to the phenolic standard antioxidants. After 24 hours, eroded dentin had lower SBS than sound dentin (p < 0.001), regardless of the pretreatment. After 12 months, P. granatum maintained the SBS of sound dentin (13.46 ± 3.42 MPa) and eroded dentin (10.96 ± 1.90 MPa) statistically similar. The lowest values were found on eroded dentin treated with water (5.75 ± 1.65 MPa) (p < 0.001). P. granatum on eroded dentin caused peritubular demineralization and hybrid layer with resin tags. Conclusions: The pomegranate extract had antioxidant action and preserved the adhesive interface of the eroded dentin.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.483-495
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human pulpal response to Dentin Bonding Desensitizer. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the first premolars and Dentin Bonding Desensitizer(ALL-BOND Desensitizer, Bisco, Inc. U.S.A.) was applicated in ten experimental teeth, or ZOE(PROPAC, GC Co. TOKYO, JAPAN) cement in eight control teeth and cavities were filled with light curing glass ionomer(Fuji II LC, GC Co., TOKYO, JAPAN). At 3-day and 25-day postoperative interval. pulpal response was observed and evaluated histologically with light microscope. The results were as follows. ; 1. At 3-day postoperative interval, the control teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response. 2. At 25-day postoperative interval, all control teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and in three control teeth grade 1 connective tissue response were observed, and one teeth showed grade 2 connective tissue response. 3. At 3-day postoperative interval, the experimental teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response. Below the cavity, a few inflammatory cell(PMNs) in odontoblastic layer, increased blood vessels and pulpal cells were seen and this pulpal response was similar to control teeth. 4. At 25-day postoperative interval, in four experimental teeth grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response were observed, and one experimental teeth showed mild inflammatory response. 5. At 3-day and 25-day postoperative interval, no reparative dentin deposition was seen. 6. Both experimental and control group, pulpal response showed difference between 3 and 25-day of postoperative interval. In control teeth, increased predentin and pulpal cells were seen and in experimental teeth, congestion of blood vessels and increased pulpal cells were seen. In conclusion, the pulpal irritation due to this Dentin Bonding Desensitizer was not severe, and it was considered that the agent was not harmful to the human pulp.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.68-93
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• 1998

The physical properties of polymer are greatly influenced by the extent to which a resin cures. The presence of un reacted monomer can, have a plasticizing effect on the polymer, thereby altering the physical and mechanical properties of dentin bonding agent (DBA). If the DBA does not polymerize sufficiently, it will leave a weak bonding layer and lead to lower bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths(SBS) and the degree of conversion (DC) of 4 commercialy avilable dentin bonding systems which are composed of 2 multi-bottle systems [Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP), AeliteBond(AB)] and 2 onebottle systems [SingleBond(SB), One-Step(OS)]. For shear bond strength measurement, labial surfaces of freshly extracted bovine incisors were ground with # 600 grit SiC paper to expose dentin. Four different groups of samples were formed, with 10 samples. being made for each of the 4 commercial DBA in each group according to the curing sequences of DBA and overlayer thickness of composites: Group I (standard cure and 1mm thick composites) : The DBA was light cured and the composites of 1mm thickness was applied ; Group II (standard cure and 2mm thick composites) : The DBA was light cured and the composites of 2mm thickness was applied; Group III (simultaneous cure and 1mm thick composites) : The DBA was not light-cured and simultaneously cured with composites of 1mm thickness; Group N (simultaneous cure and 2mm thick composites) : The DBA was. not light-cured and simultaneously cured with composites of 2mm thickness. The SBS was measured immediately after the composites was bonded to the bovine dentin using an Instron machine. The DC of the DBA was examined in a thin film under simulated conditions of the experimental groups according to the curing sequences and overlayer thickness of composites in the SBS test. using a Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR) spectrometer. The following results were obtained from SBS tests and DC measurements 1. In SBS tests, the multi-bottle DBA(SMP, AB) had a generally higher bond strength values than the one bottle DBA(SB, OS). In DC measurements, the one bottle DBA(SB, OS) had a significantly higher DC than the multi-bottle DBA(SMP, AB). 2. In all DBAs except OS, there was no significant difference between the bond strength of group I (standard cure and 1mm thick composites) and that of group III (simultaneous cure and 1mm thick composites). SMP, SB in Group I had a significantly higher DC than those in group III, but AB, OS in group I had a significantly lower DC than those in group III 3. All DBAs in Goup II (standard cure and 2mm thick composites) had significantly higher bond strength and DC than those in Group N (simultaneous cure and 2mm thick composites). 4. In all DBAs, there was no significantly different SBS and DC between Group I and Group II, but all DBAs in Group III had significantly higher SBS and DC than those in Group IV.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.132-143
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• 1997

Recently composite resin luting cement have been widely used according as esthetic requirement was increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of shear bond strength of four resin cements to bovine dentin. The materials used in this study were All-Bond 2(dentin bonding agent), Duolink cement, Bistite resin cement, Twinlook cement, Clearfil CR inlay cement. A total 40 acrylic cylinders with bovine dentin were divided into four groups. Four experimental groups were as follows; Group l(AB) : Specimens bonded with All-Bond 2 and Duolink Cement Group 2(BT) : Specimens bonded with Bistite Resin Cement Group 3(TL) : Specimens bonded with Twinlook Cement Group 4(CR) : Specimens bonded with Clearfil CR Inlay Cement Mter 1 hour of bonding, all specimens were stored for 24 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron universal testing machine between bovine dentin and resin cements. The data were evaluated statistically at the 95% confidence level with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's range statistics. The following results obtained; 1. The group l(AB) was highest shear bond strength and the group 3(TL) was 10west(p>0.05). 2. Group 2(BT), 4(CR) were similar shear bond strength and there was no significant difference(p<0.05). 3. Group 1(AB), 4(CR) with acid etching were showed resin tags on the opened dentinal tubules, but Group 2(BT), 3(TL) without acid etching were not showed resin tags. 4. Group l(AB) was showed intimate adaptation than other groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.35.1-35.14
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dentin roughening and the type of composite resin used (either bulk-fill flowable or nanohybrid) on the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) with an 18-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods: This prospective split-mouth study included 36 patients, each with a minimum of 4 NCCLs. For each patient, 4 types of restorations were performed: unroughened dentin with nanohybrid composite, unroughened dentin with bulk-fill flowable composite, roughened dentin with nanohybrid composite, and roughened dentin with bulk-fill flowable composite. A universal bonding agent (Tetric N Bond Universal) was applied in self-etch mode for all groups. The restorations were subsequently evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 months in accordance with the criteria set by the FDI World Dental Federation. Inferential statistics were computed using the Friedman test, with the level of statistical significance established at 0.05. Results: The 4 groups exhibited no significant differences in relation to fracture and retention, marginal staining, marginal adaptation, postoperative hypersensitivity, or the recurrence of caries at any follow-up point. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, over an 18-month follow-up period, no significant difference was present in the clinical performance of bulk-fill flowable and nanohybrid composite restorations of non-carious cervical lesions. This held true regardless of whether dentin roughening was performed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

One of the latest concepts in bonding are "total etch", in which both enamel and dentin are etched with an acid to remove the smear layers, and "wet dentin" in which the dentin is not dry but left moist before application of the bonding primer Ideally the application of a bonding agent to tooth structure should be insensitive to minor contamination from oral fluids. Clinically, contaminations such as saliva, gingival fluid, blood and handpiece lubricant are often encountered by dentists during cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contamination by hemostatic agents on shear bond strength of compomer restorations. One hundred and ten extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were collected. The teeth were removed soft tissue remnant and debris and stored in physiologic solution until they were used. Small flat area on dentin of the buccal surface were wet ground serially with 400, 800 and 1200 abrasive papers on automatic polishing machine. The teeth were randomly divided into 11 groups. Each group was conditioned as follows : Group 1: Dentin surface was not etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 2: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$(Ultradent product Inc., Utah, U.S.A.) Group 3: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$(Jeil Pharm, Korea.). Group 4: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$(Epr Industries, NJ, U.S.A.). Group 5: Dentin surface was etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 6: Dentin sorface was etched and contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$. Group 7 : Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$. Group 8: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$. Group 9: Dentin surface was contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 10: Dentin surface was contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 11 : Dentin surface was contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. After surface conditioning, F2000$^{\circledR}$ was applicated on the conditoned dentin surface The teeth were thermocycled in distilled water at 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$ for 1,000 cycles. The samples were placed on the binder with the bonded compomer-dentin interface parallel to the knife-edge shearing rod of the Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany) running at a cross head speed or 1.0 mm/min. Group 2 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 1 and group 6 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 5. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group 5 and group 9, 10 and 11.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.208-221
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• 2007

파괴 인성 실험은 상아질-복합레진 계면의 파절 저항성을 평가할 수 있는 임상적으로 신뢰 할 만한 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 상아질-레진 계면의 파괴인성과 미세인장결합강도를 측정하여 이 두 실험방법이 상아질-레진 결합을 평가하는 데 가지는 유용성을 비교, 평가하는 것이다 파괴 인성 측정에는 short-rod 시편 형태를 이용하였다. 각 시편에서는 소의 하악절치에서 절단한 치아 절편을 포함시켜 결합면을 얻었다. 미세인장 결합강도 또한 소의 하악절치 순면을 연마하여 상아질을 노출시킨 후 상아질 접착제를 도포하고 레진 블록을 축조하여 측정하였다. 각 시편들은 $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에 24시간 보관한 후 각 실험방법에 맞게 인장력을 가하여 측정치를 구하였다. 통계분석은 95% 신뢰수준의 ANOVA와 Tukey's test를 이용하였으며, 두 실험방법의 상관관계를 보기 위해 Pearson's 상관계수를 계산하였다. 전자현미경 검사를 통해 미세구조 또한 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 파괴인성은 SE군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), OptiBond Solo (OB) ONE-STEP PLUS (OS), ScotchBond Multi-purpose (SM)군 순으로 나타났고, Clearfil SE Bond (SE)군은 다른 실험군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었으나 (p <0.05), 다른 실험군 사이에는 유의차가 없었다 (p > 0.05). 2. 미세인장결합강도는 SE군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, SB, OB, SM, 그리고 OS 순으로 나타났다. SB, OB, SM, SE군 사이에는 통계학적인 유의차가 없었으나 (p > 0.05), OS군의 미세인장결합강도는 다른 4개의 실험군에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 3. FE-SEM관찰에서 피막도가 두껍게 나타난 SM군, SE군과 피막도가 얇은 OS군, OB군, SB군 간에 파괴양상이 다르게 나타났다 즉 전자는 접착층 내 파괴가 일어난 반면, 후자는 resin tag나 레진 침투층 내에서 파절되는 양상을 나타내었다. 4. 파괴 인성과 미세인장결합강도 사이에는 통계학적으로 유의 한 상관 관계가 없었다 ($r^2=0.223$, t=0.927). 이와 같은 결과를 토대로, 상아질 접착제의 임상적 효율성을 평가하고자 할 때는 결합강도 뿐만 아니라. 파괴인성도 함께 고려하여 임상적용의 예견성을 높여야 한다고 결론내릴 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.463-486
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• 1995

The effect of moistening and air-drying of acid-conditioned dentin before priming on the formation of resin-dentin hybrid zone was investigated, Freshly extracted human molars were used and divided at random into 5 groups, Groups 1 - 3 consisted of specimens conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid for 20 seconds; Group 1 served as a control in which the conditioned dentin was simply blot-dried with a damp facial tissue; Group 2 was air dried for 30 seconds ; Group 3 was air dried for 30 seconds and immediately remoistened for 10 seconds with air-water syringe. and then the specimen was blot-dried with a damp facial tissue. Groups 4-5 were not acid conditioned ; In group 4, the smear layer on the dentin was blot dried before primer placement; Group 5 was air dried only for 30 seconds, The acetone-based primer and bonding agent of All Bond 2 (Bisco. Inc., USA) and composite resin (Z-100, 3M Dental products, USA) were applied for acid conditioned dentin and non-conditioned dentin. The morphologic ultrastructure of resin-dentin hybrid zone was examined by the use of SEM and TEM. and the existence of inorganic material and analysis of Ca/P weight-percent ratio in the resin-dentin hybrid zone were revealed by the EDAX, The results were as follows : 1. In the moistened specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 3-$4{\mu}m$ into dentin and the denatured collagen smear layer was not present at the surface. The resin tag was formed to a thickeness of 3-$4{\mu}m$ at the upper part of dentinal tubule and compactively connected to each other by means of many lateral branching. 2. In the air-dried specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5\;{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper thin black layer to a thickness of 30-35nm was identified between adhesive resin and demineralized collagen layer. The resin tag to have a diameter of $2.5{\mu}m$ was formed at the upper part of dentinal tubule. However the funnel shape of the tag was not notable compared to the moistened specimens. 3. In the remoistened specimens from acid conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper black layer was not present. The resin tag at the upper part of dentinal tubule was formed less than $2{\mu}m$ and was weakly connected to each other by means of few lateral branching. 4. In the non-conditioned groups, the smear layer was formed to a thickness of $0.5{\mu}m$ at dentin surface. However, the resin-dentin hybrid zone was not identified by TEM. The evidence of resin penetration into intertubular and intratubular dentin did not show. 5. All the acid-conditioned groups showed that the detected calcium and phosphorus weight percent ratios at the $2{\mu}m$ upper portion from the resin-dentin interface into the resin were much higher than that at the $2{\mu}m$ lower portion from the resin-dentin interface to dentin. (P<0.01).

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2008년도 Spring Scientific Meeting(the 129th) of Korean Academy if Conservative Dentistry
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• pp.213-223
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• 2008

광물리학적 특성 분석을 위해 Apollo 95E (DMT Systems, Orange, CA : PAC 광중합기), Elipar Freelight 2 (3M ESPE, MN, USA; LED 광중합기) 그리고 VIP Junior (Bisco, Schaumberg, IL, USA : QTH 광중합기), 3종의 광중합기의 총광강도(Total intensity)와 spectral distribution을 측정하였고 특정 파장에 해당되는 광강도(Energy density)를 분석하였다. 상아질 전단접착강도의 측정을 위해 Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M ESPE), Single bond (3M ESPE) 그리고 Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray)가 사용되었다. Plasma Arc Curing light (Apollo 95E) 광중합기는 여러개의 최대정점을 가지며 넓은 spectral distribution과 $2307mW/cm^2$의 높은 광강도를 나타내었고, VIP Junior 광중합기는 490 nm에서 최대정점을 갖는 넓은 spectral distribution을 나타내었고, Elipar Freeelight 2 광중합기는 462 nm의 최대정점 주위로 좁은 spectral distribution을 보였다. Two-Way ANOVA와 Bonferroni's multiple comparison test를 이용하여 상아질 전단접착강도를 분석한 결과, PAC 광중합기와 LED 광중합기 간에 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 (P > 0.05), 상아질 접착제와 광중합기의 교호관계에도 유의성이 없었다. 그러나 상아질 접착제는 상호간에 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다 (P < 0.00).