• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2019

Steatocystoma multiplex is an uncommon benign skin disease, which typically manifests as numerous intradermal cysts that can be scattered anywhere on the body. Although usually asymptomatic, it can be significantly disfiguring. One type of steatocystoma multiplex is known to be associated with the autosomal dominant inheritance of a mutation in the gene coding for keratin 17 (KRT17). In such cases, it is often concurrent with other developmental abnormalities of the ectoderm-derived tissues, such as the nails, hair, and teeth. To the best of our knowledge, few cases have been reported of steatocystoma multiplex of the oral and maxillofacial region. This report describes a case of steatocystoma multiplex of both sides of the neck and multiple dental anomalies, with a focus on its clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics, as well as the possibility that the patient exhibited the familial type of this condition.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of all types and subtypes of dental anomalies among 7- to 35-year-old patients by using panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1649 people in Hamadan City, in 2012-2013. The prevalence of four types and 12 subtypes of dental anomalies was evaluated by two observers separately by using panoramic radiography. Dental anomalies were divided into four types: (a) shape (including fusion, taurodontism, and dens invagination); (b) number (including hypodontia, oligodontia, and hyperdontia); (c) structure (including amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and dentin dysplasia); and (d) position (including displacement, impaction, and dilacerations). Results: The reliability between the two observers was 79.56% according to the Kappa statistics. The prevalence of dental anomalies diagnosed by panoramic radiographs was 29%. Anomalies of position and number were the most common types of abnormalities, and anomalies of shape and structure were the least in both genders. Anomalies of impaction (44.76%), dilacerations (21.11%), hypodontia (15.88%), taurodontism (9.29%), and hyperdontia (6.76%) were the most common subtypes of dental anomalies. The anomalies of shape and number were more common in the age groups of 7-12 years and 13-15 years, respectively, while the anomalies of structure and position were more common among the other age groups. Conclusion: Anomalies of tooth position were the most common type of dental anomalies, and structure anomalies were the least in this Iranian population. The frequency and type of dental anomalies vary within and between populations, confirming the role of racial factors in the prevalence of dental anomalies.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

Purpose: Pycnodysostosis (PYCD), an autosomal recessive syndrome, is characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling that produces various clinical and radiographic craniofacial manifestations. This review represents a systematic examination of these manifestations, as well as oral features associated with PYCD. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted across 8 databases from February to March 2023. The search strategy focused on studies reporting cases of PYCD that examined the clinical and radiographic craniofacial and oral characteristics associated with this syndrome. Results: The review included 84 studies, encompassing a total of 179 cases of PYCD. More than half of the patients were female (55.3%), and the mean age was 14.7 years. Parental consanguinity was reported in 51.4% of the cases. The most common craniofacial clinical manifestation was a prominent nose, observed in 57.5% of cases. Radiographically, the most frequently reported craniofacial characteristics included the presence of an obtuse mandibular angle (84.3%) and frontal cranial bosses(82.1%). Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed oral alterations, with micrognathia present in 62.6% of patients and malocclusion in 59.2%. Among dental anomalies, tooth agenesis was the most commonly reported, affecting 15.6% of patients. Conclusion: Understanding the clinical and radiographic craniofacial features of PYCD is crucial for dental professionals. This knowledge enables these clinicians to devise effective treatment plans and improve patient quality of life.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 1990

Classification of facial asymmetry has not been yet well-organized because of their variety on etiologic factors, involved sites and clinical expressions. And surgical treatments are also variable and depend upon their causes and clinical abnormalities. This is a case report on surgical experiences of two patients who had severe facial asymmetry and could not treated pre-surgical orthodontics before surgery. One patient was belong to hemifacial microsomia and another was a very unusual complex type related to unilateral condylar hyperplasia, unilateral macrognathia and unilateral mandibular hypoplasia. The authors used a simultaneous two-jaw surgery, bone shaving and onlay-type bone graft in former case, and a simultaneous two-jaw surgery, condylectomy, bone shaving and only-type bone graft in latter case. In two cases, immediate post-operative results in function and esthetics were excellent, however, progressive resorption of onlay-type bone grafts have been noticed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.889-897
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether there was a connection between oral health and memory loss in elderly individuals with no abnormalities in their daily lives and to identify factors affecting memory loss. Methods: This study aimed to identify an association between the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Subjective Memory Complaints for the elderly individuals living in the community. Results: The results of analyzing the oral health assessment according to the general characteristics of the study participants revealed that with increase in age, income (p=0.05) and oral health of the elderly living alone decreased compared to those living together in the family (p=0.05). Moreover, the lower the income (p=0.05), the higher was the memory loss for the elderly living alone than for the elderly living together with their family (p=0.05). Conclusions: The study identified a link between oral health of the elderly and subjective memory loss and observed that oral health, cohabitation, and income level were related to subjective memory loss. Therefore, oral health should be considered as a predictor of memory loss for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

Molar incisor malformation (MIM) has been introduced as a new type of dental anomaly. Currently, the morphological and histological characteristics of MIM are known; however, its etiology has not been clearly identified. To date, the long-term prognosis of first permanent molars (FPM) affected by MIM has rarely been reported, and few treatment guidelines have been established. The purpose of this case report was to present guidelines for the extraction of FPM affected by MIM, depending on the presence of the third molar. In patients with a third molar, spontaneous mesial shift of the posterior molars might be induced by extracting the FPM at an appropriate time, that is, when the second permanent molar is at an early furcation stage of the tooth. However, it is recommended that FPM be preserved for as long as possible if a third molar does not exist. When an FPM needs to be extracted, it is suggested to consider space maintenance.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2000

A case of dento-maxillofacial abnormality involving a 10-year-old male patient with a history of esthesioneuro-blastoma is presented. This patient had been treated with 54 Gy /sup 60/Co-gamma-radiation to the nasal cavity for 6 weeks and 6 cycles of combination chemotherapy of Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, Adriamycin, VM-26 (Tenipo-side), and DTIC (Dacarbazine) when he was 16 months of age. Five years after cessation of cancer therapy, he was disease free and transferred for extensive dental care to Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital. A clinical and radiologic follow-up over last 4 years showed root stunting, premature closure of the root apices, microdontia, developmental arrest, small crowns, and partial anodontia. Maxillofacial morphology evaluated by cephalometric analysis showed deficiency of maxillary development.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2011

Arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare conditions in that can result from abnormalities in the structure of blood vessels, which may be potentially fatal. A 30-year-old female patient visited our hospital with a complaint of swelling on the right maxillary posterior gingiva along with the large port-wine stain on right side of face. On clinical examination, the swelling was compressible and pulsatile. Radiographic examination revealed a lytic lesion of maxilla. Diagnostic angiography revealed a high-flow arteriovenous malformation of maxilla which was treated by selective transarterial embolization of maxillary artery using polyvinyl alcohol particles.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2020

Intelligent systems(i.e., artificial intelligence), particularly deep learning, are machines able to mimic the cognitive functions of humans to perform tasks of problem-solving and learning. This field deals with computational models that can think and act intelligently, like the human brain, and construct algorithms that can learn from data to make predictions. Artificial intelligence is becoming important in radiology due to its ability to detect abnormalities in radiographic images that are unnoticed by the naked human eye. These systems have reduced radiologists' workload by rapidly recording and presenting data, and thereby monitoring the treatment response with a reduced risk of cognitive bias. Intelligent systems have an important role to play and could be used by dentists as an adjunct to other imaging modalities in making appropriate diagnoses and treatment plans. In the field of maxillofacial radiology, these systems have shown promise for the interpretation of complex images, accurate localization of landmarks, characterization of bone architecture, estimation of oral cancer risk, and the assessment of metastatic lymph nodes, periapical pathologies, and maxillary sinus pathologies. This review discusses the clinical applications and scope of intelligent systems such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and deep learning programs in maxillofacial imaging.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.510-514
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• 2003

The Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dental and ocular abnormalities. The essential ocular features include partial or complete bilateral hypoplasia of the iris stroma, abnormalities of the angle structures with congenital iris adhesions, and anterior displacement of Schwalbe's corpuscles. Common oral findings are hypodontia(especially in anterior maxillary segment), microdontia, misshaped teeth, delayed eruption of the teeth. Additionally, other systemic symptoms can be seen and early detection by the pedodontist through dental diagnosis should prevent visual impairment.