• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2021

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the change in the temperature of the adhesive resin in polycrystalline ceramic brackets irradiated using a diode laser at different irradiation energy levels and times. Materials and Methods: For the measurement of the temperature of the adhesive resin, it was applied at the base of the ceramic bracket, a thermocouple was placed at the center of the base surface, the bracket was placed on prepared resin specimens for light curing, and a laser was irradiated to the center of the bracket slot at 5, 7, and 10 W. For the measurement of the temperatures of the enamel under the bracket and pulp cavity, extracted premolar was fixed to a prepared mold and the ceramic bracket was bonded to the buccal surface of the premolar. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Result: At 5 W, the temperature of the adhesive resin did not reach the resin softening temperature of 200℃ within 30 seconds. At 7 W, it reached 200℃ when the ceramic bracket was irradiated continuously for 28 seconds. At 10 W, it reached 200℃ when the ceramic bracket was irradiated continuously for 15 seconds. During laser irradiation, the temperature of the enamel under the bracket increased by over 5℃ within 15 seconds. Conclusion: The use of diode laser irradiation for bracket debonding should be carefully considered because the pulp cavity temperature increases by over 5℃ within the irradiation time for resin thermal softening.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.496-508
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the long-term survival rate and peri-implant marginal bone loss between different types of dental implant-abutment connections. Methods: Implants with external or internal abutment connections, which were fitted at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital from November 2011 to December 2015 and followed up for >5 years, were retrospectively investigated. Cumulative survival rates were evaluated for >5 years, and peri-implant marginal bone loss was evaluated at 1- and 5-year follow-up examinations after functional loading. Results: The 8-year cumulative survival rates were 93.3% and 90.7% in the external and internal connection types, respectively (P=0.353). The mean values of marginal bone loss were 1.23 mm (external) and 0.72 mm (internal) (P<0.001) after 1 year of loading, and 1.20 mm and 1.00 mm for external and internal abutment connections, respectively (P=0.137) after 5 years. Implant length (longer, P=0.018), smoking status (heavy, P=0.001), and prosthetic type (bridge, P=0.004) were associated with significantly greater marginal bone loss, and the use of screw-cement-retained prosthesis was significantly associated (P=0.027) with less marginal bone loss. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between implants with external and internal abutment connections. After 1 year of loading, marginal bone loss was greater around the implants with an external abutment connection. However, no significant difference between the external and internal connection groups was found after 5 years. Both types of abutment connections are viable treatment options for the reconstruction of partially edentulous ridges.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 3종의 수복재료와 3종의 tricalcium-silicate 기반 치수복조제의 미세누출을 평가하고, 이들 치수복조제와 상아질 사이의 전단결합강도를 비교하는 것이다. 수복재료로는 복합레진(CR), 레진강화형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트(RMGI), 그리고 전통적인 글래스아이오노머 시멘트(GIC)를, 치수복조제로는 TheraCal $LC^{(R)}$(TLC), $Biodentine^{(R)}$ (BD), 그리고 $ProRoot^{(R)}$ white MTA (WMTA)을 사용했다. 소의 절치에 5급와동을 형성하여 이를 적용하는 치수복조제와 수복재료에 따라 9개의 그룹으로 분류하고 0.5% fuchsin 용액을 이용한 염색침투법을 시행했다. 각 표본을 절단하고 입체현미경으로 관찰해 미세누출 정도를 평가했다. 아크릴 레진에 소 절치의 임상적 치관을 매몰한 후 수평으로 절단해 준비한 표본을 임의로 3그룹으로 나누었다. 표본의 상아질에 그룹별로 TLC, BD, 그리고 WMTA 블록을 적용한 후 universal testing machine을 이용해 전단결합강도를 측정했다. 미세누출은 TLC + GIC, TLC + RMGI, TLC + CR, 그리고 BD + GIC 그룹에서 가장 적었고, WMTA + RMGI와 WMTA + CR 그룹에서 가장 많았다. 전단결합강도는 WMTA 그룹에서 다른 그룹보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.403-424
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• 1996

Cell culture methods have been used to assess the cytotoxicity of dental materials. Different paramaters are used to monitor cytotoxic effects. But it is difficult to compare each investigator's results with different methods. The objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic effect of several retrograde filling materials according to cell lines and assay methods. Cytotoxicity of Bestalloy (Dogmyung, Korea), Prisma APH(Densply International Inc., U.S.A.), Clearfil FII (Kuraray Co., Japan), Fuji II (GC Co., Japan), Fuji II LC (GC Co., Japan) and IRM (Densply Co., U.S.A.) on L929, 3T3 and KB permanent cell lines was measured. Radiochromium, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release method and colorimetric assays, namely neutral red (NR) and MTT were used. Each material was mixed according to the manufacturer's instruction. They were tested as solid and extracted state. Cell culture media were added to each mixed or solid materials then the solution was collected and used as extract solutions. Solid Fuji II showed mild cytotoxicity on three cell lines using radiochromium release method. There was no difference in cytotoxicity of extract solution group using radiochromium release method. In colorimetric assay immediate Fuji II group and all the IRM groups showed severe cytotoxic effect. Difference in cyctotoxicity was due to rather kinds of cell lines than assay methods. Solid Fuji II and IRM showed mild cytotoxicity on three cell lines. But extract solutions had different cytotoxic effect according to cell lines using LDH release assay. Light-cured glass ionomer had mild to moderate degree of cytotoxicity on three cell lines. Cytotoxicity was affected by specimen prepaton. Susceptibility of each cell ines were also affected by assay emthods. It was suggested that cytotoxicity study using only one cell line and/or assay method might not accurately reflect the real toxic nature of dental biomaterials.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to determine whether the push-out bond strengths between the radicular dentin and fiber reinforced-composite (FRC) posts with various resin cements decreased or not, according to the coronal, middle or apical level of the root. MATERIALS AND METHODS. FRC posts were cemented with one of five resin cement groups (RelyX Unicem: Uni, Contax with activator & LuxaCore-Dual: LuA, Contax & LuxaCore-Dual: Lu, Panavia F 2.0: PA, Super-Bond C&B: SB) into extracted human mandibular premolars. The roots were sliced into discs at the coronal, middle and apical levels. Push-out bond strength tests were performed with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the failure aspect was analyzed. RESULTS. There were no significant differences (P>.05) in the bond strengths of the different resin cements at the coronal level, but there were significant differences in the bond strengths at the middle and apical levels (P<.05). Only the Uni and LuA cements did not show any significant decrease in their bond strengths at all the root levels (P>.05); all other groups had a significant decrease in bond strength at the middle or apical level (P<.05). The failure aspect was dominantly cohesive at the coronal level of all resin cements (P<.05), whereas it was dominantly adhesive at the apical level. CONCLUSION. All resin cement groups showed decreases in bond strengths at the middle or apical level except LuA and Uni.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2014

본 연구는 치과 임상에서 사용하고 있는 시멘트 유지형 치과용 임플란트의 지지골 응력 분포 안정성을 확인하고자 시행하였다. 모델링과 유한요소 응력 분석은 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 Solidworks를 사용하였고, 시멘트 유지형 임플란트 시스템인 지대주와 고정체를 연결하는 지대주 나사를 20 Ncm 나사조임력에 의한 결합조건을 적용시킨 단관 모델을 제작하고, 설측에서 협측으로의 $45^{\circ}$ 경사로 100 N 크기 외부하중을 가하여 지지골 응력 분포 해석을 실시하였다. 경사하중에 따른 임플란트 고정체의 지지골 응력 크기와 분포를 파악하기 위한 유한요소법 분석을 통해 다음 결과를 얻었다. 고정체 직경, 길이의 조건에 관계없이 임플란트 고정체 상부와 골 접촉부인 치밀골에 응력이 집중되는 양상으로 나타났고, 고정체 길이 증가로 인한 응력 감소 폭보다 직경 증가로 인한 감소폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다 따라서 본 연구 결과는 지지골 형태 조건에 대하여 가능한 큰 직경의 고정체 사용이 효과적이라고 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.32.1-32.11
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• 2018

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of a bleaching agent on the composition, mechanical properties, and surface topography of 6 conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) and one resin-modified GIC. Materials and Methods: For 3 days, the specimens were subjected to three 20-minute applications of a 37% $H_2O_2$-based bleaching agent and evaluated for water uptake (WTK), weight loss (WL), compressive strength (CS), and Knoop hardness number (KHN). Changes in surface topography and chemical element distribution were also analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For statistical evaluation, the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon paired tests (${\alpha}=0.05$) were used to evaluate WTK and WL. CS specimens were subjected to 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$), and KH was evaluated by one-way ANOVA, the Holm-Sidak post hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$), and the t-test for independent samples (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: The bleaching agent increased the WTK of Maxxion R, but did not affect the WL of any GICs. It had various effects on the CS, KHN, surface topography, and the chemical element distribution of the GICs. Conclusions: The bleaching agent with 37% $H_2O_2$ affected the mechanical and surface properties of GICs. The extent of the changes seemed to be dependent on exposure time and cement composition.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.357-364
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• 1996

소아치과 임상에서 자주 사용되는 3 종의 광중합형 GIC의 아말감에 대한 접착능을 평가 할 목적으로 60 개의 아말감 부착시편을 이용하여 중간결합제인 Scotchbond 의 사용여부에 따른 경화된 아말감에 대한 광중합 GIC의 전단결합강도를 측정하고 경계부의 파절양상을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 아말감에 대한 광중합형 GIC의 전단강도는 Fuji II LC, Vitremer, Vitrebond의 순으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 2. 중간결합제인 Scotchbond를 사용하지 않은 경우에서 Scotchbond 를 사용한 경우에 비해 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 결합파절면은 Scotchbond를 사용한 경우의 대부분에서 Scotchbond와 아말감의 경계부에서 시편의 탈락이 나타났다. 아말감과 광중합 GIC의 결합을 시도할 경우에는 Scotchbond는 사용하지 않는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 tricalcium silicate cement 중 하나인 TheraCal LC의 광중합 시간과 거리에 따른 중합도를 평가하는 것이었다. 금속주형을 이용해 시편을 제작하여 Vickers hardness number (VHN)를 측정하였으며, 중합시간과 조사시간에 따른 시편의 미세경도 값을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 모든 군에서 상면의 VHN이 하면의 VHN보다 유의성 있게 컸다(p < 0.05). 하면의 VHN은 모든 중합거리에서 중합시간이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고(p < 0.05), 중합시간이 일정하고 중합거리가 4.0 mm 이상이 되었을 때 유의하게 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 또한 시편을 20초간 중합한 경우 하면의 VHN은 2를 넘지 못했으며 이는 상면의 10%에 해당하였다. 이 연구 결과에 의하면, 모든 중합거리에서 TheraCal LC 시편의 하면까지 중합하기에 20초의 광중합 시간은 충분하지 않았으며, 중합도를 높이기 위해서 중합시간의 증가와 도포 두께의 감소를 고려해볼 필요가 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.11
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-remineralized caries-affected dentin (CAD). Materials and Methods: Exposed dentin surfaces of 30 human third molar teeth were divided into 2 equal groups for evaluating fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD. Each group was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups: 1) control (sound dentin); 2) artificially demineralized dentin (CAD); 3) CPP-ACP remineralized dentin (remineralized CAD). To measure fluoride release, 15 disc-shaped specimens of RMGIC (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were bonded on one flat surface of the dentin discs of each group. Fluoride release was tested using ion chromatography at different intervals; 24 hours, 3, 5, 7 days. RMGIC micro-cylinders were built on the flat dentin surface of the 15 discs, which were prepared according to the assigned group. Micro-shear bond strength was measured after 24 hours water storage. Data were analyzed using 1- and 2-way analysis of variance and the post hoc least significant difference test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Fluoride detected in solutions (at all intervals) and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC bonded to CPP-ACP-remineralized dentin were significantly higher than those bonded to artificial CAD (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Demineralized CAD consumes more fluoride released from RMGIC into the solution for remineralization than CPP-ACP mineralized dentin does. CPP-ACP increases the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD.