• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.661-667
• /
• 2001

Though a consensus seems to exist about the regulation of the use of sugar-containing food, however. an unrecognized and significant supply of cariogenic carbohydrate remains in the form of sugar-containing liquid oral medicine to prevent dental caries. children who are taking long-term sugar-containing liquid medicine have an increased risk of developing dental caries. The aim of this study is to get the information about the sugars in liquid medicines prescribed for the children. To get the information, the number and date of all prescriptions of liquid medicines for one month at pediatric hospital of Seoul National University Hospital were investigated. From that data, the most frequently used pediatric oral liquid medicine is presented. Then, for the information of the type and contents of sweeteners in that preferred medicines, the manufacturers of each medicines were asked for the data of sugar types and contents, and the informations about the medicine contents were collected via facsimile. The most frequently used pediatric oral liquid medicine were followed as expectorant, purge, antibiotic, drug for iron deficiency anemia, sedative, antihistamine, anticonvulsant, NSAIDs in order. The mean value of sweetener content in liquid medicines was $52.3{\pm}22.4g/100ml$ and most frequently used sweetener is sucrose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.1101-1110
• /
• 2023

Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent of caries, which is one of the most common human diseases. Thus, rapid and early detection of cariogenic bacteria is critical for its prevention. This study investigated the combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and microfluid technology to quantitatively detect S. mutans. A low-cost, rapid microfluidic chip using LAMP technology was developed to amplify and detect bacteria at 2.2-2.2 × 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU)/ml and its detection limits were compared to those of standard polymerase chain reaction. A visualization system was established to quantitatively determine the experimental results, and a functional relationship between the bacterial concentration and quantitative results was established. The detection limit of S. mutans using this microfluidic chip was 2.2 CFU/ml, which was lower than that of the standard approach. After quantification, the experimental results showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of S. mutans, thereby confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the custom-made integrated LAMP microfluidic system for the detection of S. mutans. The microfluidic system described herein may represent a promising simple detection method for the specific and rapid testing of individuals at risk of caries.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2023

Background: Some studies confirm the reduction of the number of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and dental plaque by Lactobacillus, however, these effects are not always confirmed in in vitro and clinical studies, and only the risk of dental caries has been reported. Our in vitro study aimed to reveal microbial and biochemical changes in the single cultures of S. mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Aggregatibactor actinomycetemcomitans and co-cultures of S. mutans and L. casei or A. actinomycetemcomitans according to sucrose concentration. We also aimed to confirm the anti-oral bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of L. casei and A. actinomycetemcomitans against S. mutans according to sucrose concentration. Methods: S. mutans (KCCM 40105), L. casei (KCCM 12452), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (KCTC 2581) diluted to 5×10⁶ CFU/ml were single cultured, and L. casei or A. actinomycetemcomitans applied at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to S. mutans were co-cultured with selective medium containing 0%, 1% and 5% sucrose at 36.5℃ for 24 hours. Measurements of bacterial growth value and acid production, disk diffusion and biofilm formation assays were performed. Results: In the medium containing sucrose, the bacterial growth and biofilm formation by S. mutans, L. casei, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were increased. In contrast, 30% and 40% of L. casei in the medium containing 0% sucrose showed both anti-oral bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. This implies that L. casei can be used as probiotic therapy to reduce S. mutans in a 0% sucrose environment. Conclusion: The concentration of sucrose in the oral environment is important for the control of pathogenic bacteria that cause dental caries and periodontitis. To apply probiotic therapy using L. casei for S. mutans reduction, the concentration of sucrose must be considered.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2012

Background: The major goal of dental management before and after liver transplantation is the prevention of bacteremia from an oral source that could lead to systemic infection. However dental treatment in liver transplant patients have the risk of infection and bleeding. so it is needed special dental consideration. Methods: 42 liver transplant candidates who visited department of Advanced General Dentistry in Yonsei University College of dentistry from March 1, 2010 to February 29, 2012 were selected. The clinical data of those patients were analyzed; coagulation status such as PT, INR, aPTT, platelet count before and 6 months after liver transplantation, dental infectious foci, time interval between dental visit and operation date of liver transplantation. Results: Before liver transplant, the patient's PT and INR was prolonged, and the platelet count was lower than normal range. But 6 months later from liver transplantation, most of the figures turned into a normal range. The dental infection foci were chronic periodontitis, dental caries, chronic apical periodontitis, root rest et al but we did extraction of 6 root rest before liver transplantation and postponed other treatment after liver transplantation due to bleeding and infection risk of patients. Because of insufficient interval between dental visit and operation date, 64.3% of patients could not finish the dental treatment. Conclusions: The patients before liver transplantation have the risk of bleeding. The treatment of those patient should be removal of only factors that can cause dental infections after transplantation and other treatment must be postponed until the stable period of the transplant that patient's condition has improved.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the association between candidiasis and early childhood caries and to investigate whether the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1 can be considered as a risk factor for early childhood caries. The database used in this study was provided by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Medical records of children born from January 2010 to December 2012 were obtained, and those without dental records were excluded. Subjects were divided into several groups based on the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 6: candidiasis group and non-candidiasis group; oral candidiasis group and non-oral candidiasis group. Another categorization was done according to the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1. The incidence rate of early childhood caries in each group were compared. The prevalence of dental caries in children who have been diagnosed with candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 6 was significantly different from those who have not experienced candidiasis. Similarly, children who have suffered from candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1 had significantly different incidence of caries from the children without candidiasis experience.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.161-165
• /
• 2015

Long QT syndrome (LQTs) is a rare congenital disorder of the heart's electrical activity. Patients with LQTs are at increased risk of developing fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Elevated levels of sympathetic stimulation can exacerbate this risk. Successful behavior management is indispensable in the treatment of patients with LQTs. However, many drugs involved in pharmacologic behavior management are known to adversely affect the QT interval. Therefore, careful selection of a sedative drug is essential in avoiding such incidences. A 10-year-old boy with a known diagnosis of LQTs required restorative treatment due to dental caries at the permanent molar. He required sedation since treatment was painful and dental phobia can trigger sympathetic stimulation, creating a dangerous situation for patients with LQTs. Therefore, the treatment was performed over two sessions under moderate sedation involving propofol combined with nitrous oxide. Restorative treatment was successful without any complications under sedation with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. There was no significant QT prolongation during pulpal treatment. Propofol TCI may be a good candidate for sedation in patients with LQTs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.158-170
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the association between health status and tooth loss based on data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort in 2002-2015. Methods: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to a longitudinal retrospective database, which was updated and newly released in 2018, to assess the association between health status and tooth loss while adjusting for potential confounders among sociodemographic and economic factors (sex, age, household income, insurance, and presence of disability), general and oral health status (body mass index [BMI], smoking and drinking status, periodic dental visits and scaling, and brushing before sleep), and comorbid disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], and Charlson comorbidity index [CCI]). Results: Among 514,866 participants from a South Korean population, 234,247 (45.5%) participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were analyzed. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, sex, age, household income, insurance, presence of disability, BMI, smoking and drinking status, periodic scaling, tooth brushing before sleep, DM, and CCI showed statistically significant associations with the loss of at least 1 tooth. The risk of experiencing a loss of ${\geq}4$ teeth was associated with an increase in age (in those 50-59 years of age: hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-2.03; in those 60-69 years of age: HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.85-3.02; and in those 70-79 years of age: HR, 2.93; 95%, CI 2.81-3.05), smoking (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.65-1.73), and DM (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.38-1.48). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the risk of experiencing tooth loss was related to multiple determinants. DM and smoking were especially significantly associated with tooth loss.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.58 no.9
• /
• pp.546-555
• /
• 2020

Allergic rhinitis is a specific IgE mediated inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, characterized by symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, nasal obstruction, nasal and eye itching, and sneezing. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis varies according to country, age, and surveying methods, but it seems to increase worldwide, also in Korea. Prolonged mouth breathing caused by allergic rhinitis can produce muscular and postural alterations, causing alterations on the morphology, position, growth direction of the jaws, and malocclusion. Also, mouth breathing leads to dryness of the mouth, causing various oral diseases; gingivitis, halitosis, inflammation of tonsil, increased risk of dental caries and dental erosion. In dental clinic, using rapid maxillary expansion to persistent allergic rhinitis patients with narrow maxilla can enlarge maxillary dental arch and nasal cavity anatomy, improving nasal breathing and reducing nasal cavity resistance. However, it is desirable to use along with otolaryngologic treatment. Dentists should be aware of the characteristics of allergic rhinitis and its effects on patients, and consider when planning dental treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and dental caries experience in Korean adolescents based on the 2010 ~ 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: The study subjects were 2,655 Korean adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. Subjects were classified into four groups according to their serum 25(OH)D levels. We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and for dental caries experience after adjusting for age, household income level, recipient of basic livelihood, tooth brushing and visiting dental clinics. Result: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D insufficiency (20 ng/mL ${\leq}25(OH)D$ < 30 ng/mL) was associated with increased odd ratios (ORs) for dental caries experience in boys (OR = 2.577, 95% CI = 1.013-6.557), compared with serum 25(OH)D sufficiency (25(OH)D ${\geq}30ng/mL$). Conclusion: The serum 25(OH)D levels were found to be related to risk of dental caries experience in Korean adolescent boys.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers. Methods: The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction. Results: The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.57). Conclusions: The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.