• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.322-333
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are 2 of the independent predictors for cardiovascular disease, while Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH) is a traditional medicinal plant that can improve cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the fruit of ASH on vascular function in apparently healthy subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, consisting of healthy adults with at least 2 of the following 3 conditions: borderline high blood pressure (BP; 120 mmHg ≤ systolic BP ≤ 160 mmHg or 80 mmHg ≤ diastolic BP ≤ 100 mmHg), smoking (≥10 cigarettes/day), and borderline blood lipid levels (220 ≤ total cholesterol ≤ 240, 130 ≤ low density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤ 165, or 150 ≤ triglyceride ≤ 220 mg/dL). Randomly assigned 76 subjects who received a placebo or 2 doses of ASH fruit (low, 500 mg/day; high, 1,000 mg/day) completed the intervention. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), flow-mediated dilation, carotid intima-media thickness, and BP were measured both at baseline and following the 12-week intervention. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation was assessed by western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, the low-dose group showed more significant changes after the 12-week intervention period in terms of systolic BP (0.1 vs. -7.7 mmHg; P = 0.044), baPWV (31.3 vs. -98.7 cm/s; P = 0.007), and the ratio of phospho-eNOS/eNOS (0.8 vs. 1.22; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ASH fruit extract at 500 mg/day has the potential to improve BP and arterial stiffness via endothelial eNOS activation in healthy adults with smoking and the tendency of having elevated BP or blood lipid parameters.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.786-793
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• 2000

Objectives : A clinical analysis was performed to provide management strategy and to improve management outcome of elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm. Patients and Methods : We reviewed medical records of 746 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm who were admitted from July 1991 to December 1996. They were divided into two age groups : elderly(120 patients aged 65 years or older) and non-elderly(626 patients aged 64 years or younger). We investigated the differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, management outcome and surgical results. Results : Female(80.0%), internal carotid artery aneurysm(48.9%), poor clinical grade(Hunt and Hess Grade IV, V : 39.8%), postoperative subdural fluid collection(38.2%), and postoperative hydrocephalus(39.7%) were more frequent in the elderly patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, multiple aneurysm, unruptured aneurysm, rebleeding, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, postoperative hemorrhage, and low density on the postoperative brain CT scan. In some cases, surgical clipping of ruptured aneurysm could not be performed due to moribund state or refusal of surgery by the elderly patient's family. Both management outcome and surgical results in elderly aneurysm patients at 3 months after rupture were worse than those of the non-elderly group. The most common reason of unfavorable outcome was poor clinical grade in both groups, while serious medical illness causing unfavorable outcome was more common in the elderly group. Conclusion : Surgical treatment of a ruptured aneurysm should not be avoided in elderly patient solely on the basis of advanced age. If the patients are in good clinical grade, early aneurysm surgery followed by early ambulation should be recommended. Further improvements in outcome may be achieved by thorough knowledge of poor resilience of brain, CSF flow dynamics, and diminished cardiopulmonary reserve in elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.863-870
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• 2012

The market trends of automatic meter reading associated with smart water meters were investigated. Also, recent developments and field applications of key technology for automatic meter reading associated with smart water meters were analyzed. Smart water meters have been manufactured mostly in United States and Europe and have been expanded their business to Asia. Integrated water management system combining with the additional functions such as real-time consumption metering, cost notification, water conservation, leak detection, water quality monitoring, and flow control have been operated in automatic meter reading. Both water quality and quantity data measured from smart water meters and sensors were transferred to data concentration units through neighborhood area network, and then were transferred to integrated server through wide area network. The data transfer methods were determined by comprehensively considering urban scale, density of smart water meters, power supply and network topologies. Common data collection methods such as fixed network to data concentation units, vehicles drive by, people walk by, and drone fly by have been applied. The automatic meter reading associated with smart water meters are spread throughout the world, and both water and energy savings result in saving the money and reducing the greenhouse gases emission.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2001

When an oil-spilling accident occurs at sea, it is of the primary importance to predict the amount of oil leakage for the swift response and decision-making. The simplest method of oil-leakage estimation is based on the hydrostatic pressure balance between oil inside the tank and seawater outside of leakage hole, that is the so-called Torricelli equilibrium relation. However, there exists discrepancy between the reality and the Torricelli relation, since the latter is obtained from the quasi-steady treatment of Bernoulli equation ignoring viscous friction. A preliminary experiment has been performed to find out the oil-leaking speed and shape. Soy-bean oil inside the inner tank was ejected into water of the outer tank through four different leakage holes to record the amount of oil leakage. Furthermore, a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method was utilized to simulate the experimental situation. The Wavier-Stokes equations were solved for two-density flow of oil and water. VOF method was employed to capture the shape of their interface. It is found that the oil-leaking speed varies due to the frictional resistance of the leakage hole passage dependent on its aspect ratio. The Torricelli factor relating the speed predicted by using the hydrostatic balance and the real leakage speed is assessed. For the present experimental setup, Torricelli factors were in the range of 35%~55% depending on the aspect ratio of leakage holes. On the other hand, CFD results predicted that Torricelli factor could be 52% regardless of the aspect ratio of the leakage holes, when the frictional resistance of leakage hole passage was neglected.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11B
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• pp.1346-1356
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• 2011

Transportation has been playing important role in our society by providing for people, freight, and information. However, it cuts its own throat by causing car accidents, traffic congestion, and air pollution. The main cause of these problems is a noticeable growth in the number of vehicles. The easiest way to mitigate these problems is to build new road infrastructures unless resources such as time, money, and space are limited. Therefore, there is a need to manage the existing road infrastructures effectively and safely. In this paper, we propose a road reservation scheme that provides fast and safe response for emergency vehicles using ubiquitous sensor network. Our idea is to allow emergency vehicle to reserve a road on a freeway for arriving to the scene of the accident quickly and safely. We evaluate the performance by three reservation method (No, Hop, and Full) to show that emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire trucks, or police cars can rapidly and safely reach their destination. Simulation results show that the average speed of road reservation is about 1.09 ~ 1.20 times faster than that of non-reservation at various flow rates. However, road reservation should consider the speed of the emergency vehicle and the road density of the emergency vehicle processing direction, as a result of Hop Reservation and Full Reservation performance comparison analysis. We confirm that road reservation can guarantee safe driving of emergency vehicles without reducing their speed and help to mitigate traffic congestion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.674-682
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• 2018

Large industrial motors require a large area because of the high risk of shutdown accidents and large industrial accidents due to the lowering of the dielectric strength of the armature windings and overheating problems. Therefore, there is a demand for a large-capacity motor that has small size, light weight, and excellent dielectric strength compared with conventional motors. Superconducting motors have advantages of high efficiency and output power, low size, low weight, and improved stability. This results from greatly increasing the magnetic field generation by using superconductive field coils in rotating machines such as generators and motors. It is very important to design and analyze the cooling system to lower the critical temperature of the wires to achieve superconducting performance. In this study, a field loss analysis and low-temperature heat transfer analysis of the cooling system were performed through the conceptual design of a 100-HP high-temperature superconducting synchronous motor. The field loss analysis shows that a uniform pore magnetic flux density appears when high-temperature superconducting wire is used. The low-temperature heat transfer analysis for gaseous neon and liquid neon showed that a flow rate of 1 kg/min of liquid neon is suitable for maintaining low-temperature stability of the high-temperature superconducting wire.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 1996

The middle silk gland, that is a liquid silk thread gland consisting of silk protein, was taken out and a silk monofilament was made by drawing rapidly to approximately 3 times. In order to deteriorate the inter molecular hydrogen bonding force and to stretch in, the drawn silk filament was swoolen in boiling water. The results obtained are as follows ; The silk gland sample that just dried silk gland was occupied in crystalline region of silk-I type and random amorphous region. According to the examination of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, silk-II type crystal begins to appear partially in monofilament sample and spread to almost complet silk-II type crystal in 65.2% drawn sample. And, orientation of silk fibroin mlecule increased suddenly in early stage with a rise of drawing ratiofrom birefringence and density, and it was found that orientation of fibroin molecule was completed. As drawing ratio increases relation with time of hydrolysis, birefringence appeared almost fixed a tendency. Crystallization collapse by hydrolysis was not found in X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. But, amorphous region began to flow by treated hydrolysis, that orientation of crystallization part was disturbed was supposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.757-764
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• 2019

Depressurization occurs around underwater objects moving at high speeds. This causes cavitation nuclei to expand, resulting in cavitation. Cavitation is accompanied by an increase in noise and vibration at the site, particularly in the case of thrusters, and this has a detrimental ef ect on propulsion performance. Therefore, predicting cavitation is necessary. In this study, an analytical method for cavitation noise is developed and applied to an elliptic wing. First, computational fluid dynamics are performed to obtain information about the flow fields around the wing. Then, through the cavitation nuclei density function, number of cavitation nuclei is calculated using the initial radius of the nuclei and nuclei are randomly placed in the upstream with large pressure drop around the wing tip. Bubble dynamics are then applied to each nucleus using a Lagrangian approach for noise analysis and to determine cavitation behavior. Cavitation noise is identified as having the characteristics of broadband noise. Verification of analytical method is performed by comparing experimental results derived from the large cavitation tunnel at the Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.407-414
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the photodynamic therapy effects against staphylococci using Photofrin and Radachlorin with Light emitting diode(LED). Experimental methods, The bacterial suspensions containing Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at $1{\times}10^5$ were prepared and diluted to different concentrations of photosensitizer, Photofrin or Radachlorin, on 1.25, 2. 5,5 and $10{\mu}g/ml$. The bacterial suspensions were exposed to 630 and 670 nm LED light at the energy density of 14.4 and $19.8J/cm^2$, respectively. The CFU results of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were showed 33 and 50 colony forming at $5{\mu}g/ml$ of Photofrin, respectively and both of them perfectely were dead at $5{\mu}g/ml$ of Radachlorin. The fluorescent intensity by flow cytometry was showed the increase in the dead cells than the normal cells. In the TEM photograph, the damage of bacterial membrane and the distortion of cell morphology were observed. These results suggest that photodynamic therapy combine with Photofrin and Radachlorin can be applied a new modality for antibacterial therapy.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

The effects of electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) and organic solderability preservative (OSP) surface finishes on the in-situ intermetallics reaction and the electromigration (EM) reliability of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder bump were systematically investigated. After as-bonded, $(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5$ intermetallic compound (IMC) was formed at the interface of the ENIG surface finish at solder top side, while at the OSP surface finish at solder bottom side,$ Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Cu_3Sn$ IMCs were formed. Mean time to failure on SAC305 solder bump at $130^{\circ}C$ with a current density of $5.0{\times}10^3A/cm^2$ was 78.7 hrs. EM open failure was observed at bottom OSP surface finish by fast consumption of Cu atoms when electrons flow from bottom Cu substrate to solder. In-situ scanning electron microscope analysis showed that IMC growth rate of ENIG surface finish was much lower than that of the OSP surface finish. Therefore, EM reliability of ENIG surface finish was higher than that of OSP surface finish due to its superior barrier stability to IMC reaction.