• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2001

Data for teat number for Landrace (L), Yorkshire (Y), crossbred of Landrace and Yorkshire (LY), and crossbred of Landrace, Yorkshire and Chinese indigenous Min Pig (LYM) were analyzed using Gibbs sampling. In Bayesian inference, flat priors and some informative priors were used to examine their influence on posterior estimates. The posterior mean estimates of heritabilities with flat priors were $0.661{\pm}0.035$ for L, $0.540{\pm}0.072$ for Y, $0.789{\pm}0.074$ for LY, and $0.577{\pm}0.058$ for LYM, and they did not differ (p>0.05) from their corresponding estimates of REML. When inverse Gamma densities for variance components were used as priors with the shape parameter of 4, the posterior estimates were still corresponding (p>0.05) to REML estimates and mean estimates using Gibbs sampling with flat priors. However, when the inverse Gamma densities with the shape parameter of 10 were utilized, some posterior estimates differed (p<0.10) from REML estimates and/or from other Gibbs mean estimates. The use of moderate degree of belief was influential to the posterior estimates, especially for Y and for LY where data sizes were small. When the data size is small, REML estimates of variance components have unknown distributions. On the other hand, Bayesian approach gives exact posterior densities of variance components. However, when the data size is small and prior knowledge is lacked, researchers should be careful with even moderate priors.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2007

The ecological aspect of meiofaunal communities in Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam has not been investigated before. The composition, distribution, density and biodiversity of meiofaunal communities were studied along an intertidal transect at the Khe Nhan mudflat. Each time, three replicate samples were collected in four stations along a transect following the water line from low tide level up to the mangrove forest edge. In total, 18 meiofaunal taxa were found with the dominant taxa belonging to Nematoda, Copepoda, Sarcomastigophora and Polychaeta. The densities of meiofauna ranged from $1156inds/10cm^2$ to $2082inds/10cm^2$. The increase in densities from the mangrove forest edge towards the low water line was significant Along the mudflat transect, the biodiversity (expressed by different indices) was relatively high at different taxonomic levels but did not vary significantly along the mudflat except for taxa richness. Eighty nematode genera belonging to 24 families with Comesomatidae having the highest abundance 33.8 % were found. Theristus and Neochromadora decreased in densities from the lower water line towards the mangrove forest edge, while Paracomesoma and Hopperia are typical and more abundant at the middle of the mudflat. Halalaimus increased from high on the mudflat to the low water line.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1988

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which can be applied to use of foaming mortars. The results obtained were Summarized as follows; 1.At the mixing ratio of 1:1, the highest bulk densities were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But, it gradually was decreased in poorer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. The decreasing rates of bulk densities were increased in richer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. 2.The bulk densities were decreased up to 38.8-55.9% by mix-foaming type and 9.7-23.6% by pre-foamed type than cement mortar. 3.At the mixing ratio of 1:1, the lowest absorption rates were showed by foaming mortars, respectively. But, it gradually was increased in poorer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. The increasing rates of absorption rates were increased in richer mixing ratio and more addition of foaming agent. 4.Absorption rates when immersed in 72hours were showed up tp 3.41-5.85 times by mix-foaming type and 1.05- 1.S5times by pre -foamed type than cement mortar, it was significantly higher at the early stage of immersed time than cement mortar. 5.The correlations between bulk density and absorption rate were highly singnificant, respectively. The multiple regression equations of bulk density and absorption rate were computed depending on a fuction of mixing ratio and addition of foaming agent. it was highly significant respectively.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.1217-1233
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• 2015

The paper studies characteristics of the minimum mean-square error symmetric scalar quantizers for the generalized gamma, Bucklew-Gallagher and Hui-Neuhoff probability density functions. Toward this goal, asymptotic formulas for the inner- and outermost thresholds, and distortion are derived herein for nonuniform quantizers for the Bucklew-Gallagher and Hui-Neuhoff densities, parallelling the previous studies for the generalized gamma density, and optimal uniform and nonuniform quantizers are designed numerically and their characteristics tabulated for integer rates up to 20 and 16 bits, respectively, except for the Hui-Neuhoff density. The assessed asymptotic formulas are found consistently more accurate as the rate increases, essentially making their asymptotic convergence to true values numerically acceptable at the studied bit range, except for the Hui-Neuhoff density, in which case they are still consistent and suggestive of convergence. Also investigated is the uniqueness problem of the differentiation method for finding optimal step sizes of uniform quantizers: it is observed that, for the commonly studied densities, the distortion has a unique local minimizer, hence showing that the differentiation method yields the optimal step size, but also observed that it leads to multiple solutions to numerous generalized gamma densities.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2013

In order to analyze the pollution extent of small plastic debris(SPD) ashore on the shoreline of coastal flow, 12 of survey was conducted at Song-Jung beach of Busan for several years. The sampled beach was divided into 9 sites with unit area($m^2$). Many of SPD were detected in the southern part of the beach and classified into 11 items as P1 to P11 according to the contents. Average densities of total items' weight were $2.955g/m^2$ and weights of P2, P3 item were composed of about 64% among them. And average densities of total items' quantity were $56.259ea/m^2$ and quantities of P6 only were composed of about 63%. Seeing the seasonal variation, fall season was abundant extremely whereas nearly nothing in spring. The correlation of weights and quantities have reliable coefficients to some extent on sites and season but nearly don't have reliances on item, tide, wind and precipitation. Many researching data were required if possible in order to discussing about the correlation.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2021

기존 데이터 스크램블링 기법은 랜덤한 코드를 생성한다. 이와 다르게 우리는 생성하는 코드의 밀도를 다르게 만드는 가변 밀도 스크램블링 기법을 제안한다. 먼저 코드 밀도를 다르게 만드는 조건과 방법에 대해 설명한다. 다음으로 가변 밀도 스크램블링 기법을 플래시 메모리에 적용하여 특정 셀 상태가 더 많이 발생하도록 한다. 특히 플래시 메모리의 에러율을 제한하기 위하여, 가변 밀도 스크램블링 기법은 코드의 밀도를 조절하여 모든 셀 상태 중 중간 상태를 가지는 셀 비율을 높일 수 있다. 윈도우즈와 리눅스 시스템의 데이터에 가변 밀도 스크램블링 기법을 적용하였으며, 실험 결과는 가변 밀도 스크램블링 기법이 중간과 가까운 상태를 가지는 셀의 비율을 증가시킴을 보여준다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2022

A large amount of particles on the roads is produced by friction between the vehicles and the road surface and by inflow from outside. The type of these particles affects the abrasion behavior of tire tread. In this study, road dust collected at a bus stop was separated by size, and the particles with sizes of 106-212 mm were analyzed. The particles were separated by density using NaI and NaBr aqueous solutions with densities in the range of 1.10-1.80 g/cm³ with the 0.10 g/cm³ interval. In the road dust sample, the following particle types were found: tire-road wear particles (TRWPs), asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs), plant-related particles (PRPs), road paint wear particles (RPWPs), and plastic particles (PPs). The densities of TRWPs, APWPs, PRPs, and RPWPs were 1.20-1.80, >1.60, >1.10, and >1.40 g/cm³, respectively, while PPs were found in all density ranges. Additionally, many small mineral particles were observed on the particles. Order of the relative content of the particles was PRP > TRWP > APWP ~ RPWP > PP. APWPs that were stuck to TRWP could be removed by chloroform treatment. The shapes of the particles were characterized using their magnified images.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2022

This field experiment aimed to identify the optimal planting density for establishing a management plan for ground-cover plants under roadside trees. Liriope platyphylla and Hosta longipes both widely used for planting under trees were selected as the plant materials and planted under Prunus serrulata var. spontanea at different planting densities. Based on the distance between each plant, 4 planting densities were used: 11%, 25%, 49%, and 83% with three replications. To estimate plant growth, plant height, number of leaves and tillers, fresh and dry weight, and visual quality were investigated. Liriope platyphylla exhibited relatively better growth at the highest planting density of 83%. For Hosta longipes, however, the lower growth was positively correlated with high planting density. Therefore, the optimal planting density for Liriope platyphylla is 83% and for Hosta longipes is 11%.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

Critical current densities were measured for a bicrystalline $(Sm_{0.8}Dy_{0.2})Ba_2Cu_3O_7$ film under various magnetic fields $({^{\rightarrow_{H}}}_a)$. The fields were varied from -0.7KOe to +0.7KOe for various orientations with respect to the film surface. The curves of the critical current densities $(J_{cb})\;vs\;{^{\rightarrow_{H}}}_a$ showed the well known butterfly-like hysteretic curves. Our data could be analyzed for the two components of field, which are normal and parallel to the film surface, respectively. We combined the effect of $H_\perp$ deduced from the data for the normal field $(\theta=90^{\circ})$ and the effect of $H_\parallel$ deduced from the data for the almost parallel field $(\theta=2^{\circ})$. Our analyses indicate that $(J_{cb})$ depends on the two components of flux density at the grain boundary. All the experimental data for various ${\theta}s$ fit well to this new formula which was obtained by multiplying the factors deduced from the field dependences of these two components.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2024

Indoor parking garages have concrete-paved inclined ramps, contributing to high tire friction and increased slip angles. Therefore, the abrasion behavior of tire treads on an indoor parking garage ramp differs from those on common asphalt-paved roads, leading to variations in the generated TRWPs. The TRWP densities ranged from low (< 1.1 g cm^-3) to high (> 1.8 g cm^-3), and the degree of mineral particles adhering to the surface of tire wire particles increased with density. The densities and aspect ratios of the TRWPs generated in the parking garage varied depending on the ascent and descent ramps and the slip angles of tires. The TRWPs generated in the parking garage were distributed at a lower density than those produced on asphalt-paved roads and had lower aspect ratios. TRWPs generated from tires at large slip angles mostly exhibited densities below 1.1 g cm^-3 on the ascent and descent ramps in the parking garage. Such low-density TRWPs can be easily resuspended by traffic in the air and may remain suspended in aquatic environments for prolonged periods upon entering rivers and seas.