• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to present the direction and the necessity of education on the biomedical ethics the establish desirable ethical view of paramedic students by understanding on the consciousness of students of department of emergency medical technology on biomedical ethics on euthanasia. Method : Data were collected from on 335 students of department of emergency medical technology in 4-year-college located in districts of Chungcheong-do, from March 4 to April 22, 2010. The questionnaire consisted of total 29 items, i.e., 11 items of general characteristics, 11 items of characteristics related to biomedical ethics and 7 items of consciousness on euthanasia. Result : In general characteristics, the first grade showed the most dense distribution of 37.3%, the second grade was 20.0%, the third grade was 20.9% and the fourth grade was 21.8%. In the consciousness of biomedical ethics on euthanasia, the third and the fourth grades showed a higher ratio(${\chi}^2$ = 136.327, p= .000), in comparison with the first and the second grades, the higher year they were, the higher degree of consciousness they had. The consciousness on each item of euthanasia showed significant differences in grade (F = 8.203, p= .000), experience of clinical practice or none (t = 3.731, p= .000), experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 1.997, p = .047) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 8.240, p = .000) regarding 'CPR shall not be required in any cases if a patient wants DNR', in experience of biomedical ethics education or none (t = 2.452, p= .015) and degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.725, p = .044) regarding if a patient refuses all treatments, the patient's opinion shall be respected', and in degree of consciousness on DNR (F = 2.858, p = . 037) regarding 'after determination of DNR, if the family wants a positive treatment, it shall follow the family's request'. Conclusion : It seemed that the differences in consciousness according to grade and experience of clinical practice were influenced by experiences to treat patients in personally. Moreover, it showed that the higher grade they are, the more experience of education they have, the experiences of education had influences on the consciousness. Development of educational programs is required in order to supply accurate knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to lower-grade students the to let them establish ethical views properly, and in order to correct wrong knowledge and to establish ethical views while supplying knowledge on biomedical ethics for euthanasia to higher-grade students.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2018

In this paper, the effects of ferronickel slag powder and admixture on the strength of VR sewer pipe were analyzed. the substitution rate was tested as a variable, and the strength development was studied through the flexural strength, compressive strength and using SEM microscopic analysis. bending strength, compressive strength results and micro analysis using SEM showed the correlation in each case. the substitution rates were 20% and 30% relative to the mass of the OPC respectively, and were substituted according to a constant ratio of ferronickel slag fine powder and mixture. when the substitution ratio was 20%, the strength development was excellent. also, bending strength and compressive strength were the best when the ferronickel slag fine powder, quicklime, gypsum and calcium chloride were used as the admixture, dense microstructural patterns appeared. the possibility of progressive strength development is shown after 28 days.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2010

This paper analyzed the characteristics of p-multiplier and the load distribution of H-pile group installed in weathered soil under horizontal loading. The results of this study conducted in pile arrangement ($2{\times}3$, $3{\times}3$), the pile center to center spacing (2D, 4D, 6D), and soil density (relative density: 40%, 80%) were drawn as follows. As to the average horizontal loading applied to each pile in pile groups, the fewer number of piles was, the larger average horizontal resistance became. As the result of analysis on p-y curves of single piles and pile groups according to the pile distance and the soil density, as the pile spacing was increased from 2D to 6D, the interaction coefficients of pile group showed 0.85~0.94 (piles in the front row), 0.57~0.79 (piles in the middle row), and 0.60~0.71 (piles in the rear row) in the loose ground and showed 0.76~0.82 (piles in the front row), 0.58~0.73 (piles in the middle row), and 0.53~0.70 (piles in the rear row) in the dense ground. As above, the wider pile distance was, the larger interaction coefficient value was shown among piles. In addition, piles in the front row showed bigger interaction coefficients than that of piles in the middle and back row.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption of a tooth into the oral environment occurs commonly whereas ectopic eruption of a tooth into other sites is rare. Those that have been reported include the nasal cavity, chin, mandibular condyles, coronoid processes, orbits and maxillary sinus. The etiologic factors of ectopic eruption are developmental disturbances such as cleft palate and teeth displaced by trauma or cysts, maxillary infection, genetic factors, crowding and exceptionally dense bone. In many cases, however, the etiology cannot be identified. Eruption of the teeth into the maxillary sinus is uncommon, however the identification of such teeth can be important since they have the potential to cause considerable morbidity. The definitive treatment is surgical removal of the teeth. A 7 year-old-boy visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University for treatment of dental caries. The abnormal erupting paths of the left and right maxillary canines were found during routine panoramic radiographic investigations. A panoramic radiograph taken at 13 years old revealed that two maxillary canines were located into the sinus. The teeth were extracted by the Caldwell-Luc approach.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2020

In order to predict the nonlinear behaviour of the soil, the elasto-plastic hyperbolic model was selected, which was considered to be relatively simple and highly predictable. The soil parameter determination and the behavior analysis program were developed by formalizing the functions related to the constitutive model. Each soil parameter was determined from the results of the drained triaxial compression tests of Baekma river sand with the change of relative density. The stress-strain behavior was predicted using the soil parameters determined under each condition. As a result, the deviator stress for the axial strain is verified to have a good match between the measured value and predicted value at each relative density. In the relationship between the volumetric stain and the axial strain, when the relative density is loose, the measured value and predicted value tend to match, and when relative density is dense, the predicted value of the volumetric strain appears somewhat smaller than the measured value due to the limitation of the constitutive model.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.375-391
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• 2015

Trees to arrest sand-shifting have been planted on most of coastal dunes in Korea and considered as conservative objects. However, we reconsider that the simplicity of these trees have hindered ecological roles of coastal dunes; geochemical cycle and habitats of endemic species in coastal ecosystem. We examined geochemical properties of sediments on Byunsuran dune field where is planted with pine trees. There are significant difference in properties between embryo dune sediments and foredune sediments, but there are not between foredune and secondary dune. There are no significant difference between pine forest sediments and mixed forest sediments. It is also not showed the difference between dune ridge sediments and swale sediments. Despite spatial diversity from appearance, geochemical properties are not linked with geomorphic and vegetational conditions because of dense planted trees on foredune. To recover natural properties of coastal dunes, we need to change the conservation scheme to increase geomorphic and ecological diversity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.167-176
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• 2004

Underground structures will be affected by the additional surcharge loads such as traffic load et al. Terzaghi (1956) suggested the equation on the influences of surcharge loads in vertically backfilled spaces. In field, the shapes of backfill spaces are not always formed vertically. Then the Terzagi (1956) equation is not suitable to use because of boundary condition. This study suggests equation to calculate the stress in backfilled space caused by surcharge loads when the backfilled space is sloped symmetrically. The suggested equation is verified by carbon box test and numerical analysis. The experimental results show good agreement with the suggested equation but the numerical analysis result shows a little disagreement. The differences are estimated to be caused by the fact that ground made by carbon rod has become more dense and internal frction and wall friction has increased itself as surcharge load is added but that this increase can not be considered in the numerical analysis. The suggested equation shows good agreement with Terzaghi (1956) equation in case of sloped backfill ground. According to the results, it is considered that the suggested equation can be applied not only to sloped space but also to vertical space. Further investigation using full scale experiment is needed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.804-809
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• 2011

Tubular $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-${\delta}$}$ membranes were prepared by extrusion. TGA results of green body membrane after extrusion showed three successive weight losses due to decomposition of organic additives and carbonate. Drying shrinkage rate of tubular $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-${\delta}$}$ membranes was no change after 68 h and higher in the membrane with large outer diameter. XRD and SEM results showed the sintered membranes were the single phase structure and dense. The stoichiometric molar ratio agreed well with composition ratio calculated by EDS results for $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-${\delta}$}$ membrane. Radial crushing strength of tubular $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-${\delta}$}$ membrane with 0.95 mm thickness was 5.7 kgf/$mm^2$ and the oxygen permeation rate of same membrane was 146.85 mL/min ($Jo_2$=2.33 mL/$min{\cdot}cm^2$) at $950^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it was known that use of vacuum pump was more effective than that of sweep gas to obtain higher oxygen permeation flux.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.562-566
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• 2012

A novel design of tubular segmented-in-series(SIS) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) sub module was presented in this paper. The tubular ceramic support was fabricated by the extrusion technique. The NiO-YSZ anode and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte were deposited onto the ceramic support by dip coating method. After sintering at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 5 h, a dense and crack-free YSZ film was successfully fabricated. Also, the multi-layered cathode composed of LSM-YSZ composite, LSM and LSCF were coated onto the sintered ceramic support by dip coating method and sintered at $1150^{\circ}C$. The performance of the tubular SIS SOFC cell and sub module electrically connected by the Ag-glass interconnect was measured and analysed with different fuel flow and operating temperature.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.786-789
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• 2011

In order to estimate the possibility of applying electrolytes generally used in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) to direct carbon fuel cells(DCFCs), properties of YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) electrolyte were evaluated. In this study, vacuum slurry coating method was adapted to coat thin layer on anode support substrate. After sintering the electrolyte at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs, microstructure was analyzed by using SEM image. Also, gas permeability and ionic conductivity were measured to find out the potential possibility of electrolyte for DCFCs. The YSZ electrolyte represented dense coating layer and low gas permeability value. The ionic conductivity of YSZ electrolyte was high over $800^{\circ}C$. After measurement of the electrolyte properties, direct carbon fuel cell was fabricated and its performance was measured at $800^{\circ}C$.