• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.203-206
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• 1996

During the electromyographic evaluation, the presence and site of lession may be predicted by a detection of denervation potentials such as fibrllation potentials or positive sharp waves in the group of muscles. Currently, clinicians diagnose the neuropathy by detecting fibrillation potentials during EMG tests, and sometimes it is not easy to distinguish between denervation potentials and endplate spikes. The purpose of this study was to find statistically significant parameters for the quantitative distinction between denervation potentials and endplate spikes. Endplate spikes and denervation potentials from the EDB muscle of 10 patients were extracted. Also, EMG signals were classified by experienced clinicians, and were collected using a 12 bit ADC with a sampling rate of 20KHz for the duration of 400msec. In order to find statistically significant parameters, positive and negative peaks were used for analysis. As a results, standard deviation of the endplate spikes and denervation potentials showed more significant difference than others specially for the positive sharp waves. It was concluded that the results of this study could be used to develope an automated system of a EMG analysis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2024

Background: Skeletal muscle denervation leads to motor neuron degeneration, which in turn reduces muscle fiber volumes. Recent studies have revealed that apoptosis plays a role in regulating denervation-associated pathologic muscle wasting. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has various biological activities and is currently widely consumed as a medicinal product worldwide. Among them, ginseng has protective effects against muscle atrophy in in vivo and in vitro. However, the effects of KRG on denervation-induced muscle damage have not been fully elucidated. Methods: We induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice by dissecting the sciatic nerves, administered KRG, and then analyzed the muscles. KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 3 weeks at 100 and 400 mg/kg/day doses after operation. Results: KRG treatment significantly increased skeletal muscle weight and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle fiber volume in injured areas and reduced histological alterations in TA muscle. In addition, KRG treatment reduced denervation-induced apoptotic changes in TA muscle. KRG attenuated p53/Bax/cytochrome c/Caspase 3 signaling induced by nerve injury in a dose-dependent manner. Also, KRG decreases protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, reducing restorative myogenesis. Conclusion: Thus, KRG has potential protective role against denervation-induced muscle atrophy. The effect of KRG treatment was accompanied by reduced levels of mitochondria-associated apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The present study was aimed to explore the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the regulation of sodium transporters and water channels in the salivary gland. Rats were denervated of their sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular gland, and the glandular expression of sodium transporters and water channels was determined by Western blot analysis. The expression of either ${\alpha}1$ or ${\beta}1$ subunit of Na, K-ATPase was not significantly affected either by the sympathetic or by the parasympathetic denervation. The expression of subunits of epithelial sodium channels was significantly increased both in the denervated and contralateral glands either by the sympathetic or by the parasympathetic denervation. Neither the sympathetic nor the parasympathetic denervation significantly altered the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1). Nor was the expression of AQP4 affected significantly by the parasympathetic or the sympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of AQP5 was significantly increased not only by the parasympathetic but also by the sympathetic denervation. These results suggest that sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves have tonic regulatory effects on the regulation of certain sodium transporters and AQP water channels in the salivary gland.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2006

The present study was undertaken to explore the role of autonomic nerves in the regulation of sodium transporters and water channels in the salivary gland. Rats were denervated of their sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular gland. One week later, the expression of Na,K-ATPase, epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), and aquaporins (AQP) was examined in the denervated and contralateral glands. The sympathetic denervation slightly but significantly decreased the expression of ${\alpha}1$ subunit of Na,K-ATPase, whereas the parasympathetic denervation increased it. The expression of ${\alpha}$-subunit of ENaC was significantly increased in both the denervated and contralateral glands either by the sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation. The sympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP5 in both the denervated and contralateral glands, whereas the parasympathetic denervation decreased it. It is suggested that the autonomic nerves have a tonic effect on the regulation of sodium transporters and AQP water channels in the salivary gland.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.350-353
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• 2005

Objective: Various methods of treatment for idiopathic cervical dystonia have been tried in the past with unsatisfactory results. The authors report cases of five patients who underwent selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis. Methods: Between July 2002 and December 2003, 5 patients underwent surgery at St. Mary's Hospital for spasmodic torticollis. Age of the patient at the onset of symptoms ranged from 29 to 56years (mean 43.75years). Selective peripheral denervation(SPD) was performed at 7 to 11 months after the onset of symptoms (mean 8.75 months). A patient was considered to be the candidate for surgery if conservative methods were unsuccessful and symptoms persisted for longer than 7months. In addition, 2patients who refused treatment with botulinum toxin were also enrolled in this study. Results: Although one patient underwent reoperation, all of the five patients' symptoms were improved after the operation. Clinically, patients with retrocollis showed better improvement than laterocollis patients. Conclusion: Although injection of botulinum toxin is the first-choice in treatment modality, when surgery is required, selective peripheral denervation provides good results with minimum side effects.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.323-325
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• 1987

The concentrations of glucose and glycogen in the normal gastrocnemius muscles of Uromastix hardwickii were $88.82{\pm}4.52\;mg/100\;gm$ and $158.98{\pm}23.19\;mg/100gm$ of wet weight of the muscle, respectively. 14-days denervation period has no any effect on glucose contents while the glycogen concentration was decreased to 1/3 of the normal control innervated muscles.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2000

This study was performed to elucited the mechanisms of the antidiuretic action by SKP-450, a $K^+$ channel opener, given into the vein, and of the diuretic action observed only in the ipsilateral kidney, when given into a renal artery, in dog. The antidiuretic action of SKP-450 was not affected by renal denervation or pretreatment with glibenclamide, a ATP-dependent $K^+$ channel blocker. The diuretic action of SKP-450 was inhibited by renal denervation or pretreatment with glibenclamide. SKP-450 given into carotid artery had little effect on renal function. These results suggest that the antidiuretic action of SKP-450 given into the vein is caused by some endogenous substances probably not related to $K^+$ channel, whereas the diuretic action of SKP-450 observed only in ipsilateral kidney, when given into a renal artery, is provoked through $K^+$ channel related to renal nerves.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.362-370
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• 2000

In anesthetized dogs, antidiuretic action of intravenously administered BRL 34915 (10.0~30.0 $\mu$/kg) was blocked by renal denervation, whereas it was not affected by glibenclamide, a selective $K_{ATP}$ blocker, given into renal artery. Diuretic action in ipsilateral kidney produced by intrarenal administration of BRL 34915 was not influenced by renal denervation, but blocked completely by glibenclamide given into the vein. Above results suggest that the antidiuretic action of BRL 34915 is mediated by renal sympathetic nerves and the diuretic action is caused by opening of $K^+$ channel within kidney.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

Microcurrent electrical stimulation(MES) has been used to accelerate recovery of atrophied skeletal muscle. However, convincing stimulation parameters for suppressing muscle atrophy due to injured sciatic nerve remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effective intensity of MES on restraining muscle atrophy with rat model underwent sciatic nerve injury(SNI). Twenty-5-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were equally assigned to five groups : Control group(Control, CON, n = 4), Denervation group(Denervation, D, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $22{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $22{\mu}A$, D+22, n = 4), Denervation with MES of $100{\mu}A$ group (Denervation + $100{\mu}A$, D+100 n = 4), Denervation with MES of $400{\mu}A$ group(Denervation + $400{\mu}A$, D+400, n = 4). To induce muscle atrophy, all rats in the D, D+22, D+100, and D+400 groups, were subjected to sciatic nerve injury on their right hindlimb and allowed to have 1 week of resting period. Following this period, rats underwent daily MES(60 min/ a day, 5times/1week) for 4 weeks. After that, we investigate morphological changes in muscle volume by using in vivo micro-computed tomography at week 0, 1, 3 and 5. After 5 weeks, the muscle volume had the highest value in D+400 group, and also noticeably increased in D+100 group compared to it in D group. The results of this study imply that MES with current intensities between $100-400{\mu}A$ can suppress muscle atrophy effectively.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 1999

During the electromyographic evaluation for the diagnosis of neuropathy, presence for site of lesion could be predicted by a detection of denervation potentials such as fibrillation potentials or positive sharp waves in a group of muscles. Unfortunately, since denervation potentials are distinguished by examiner's experience, it is possible to make mistake identifying endplate spikes as a denervation potential. The aim of the study was to extract parameters to make an algorithm for quantitative distinction between denervation potentials and endplate spikes. It will help to minimize the examiner's bias and to localize the site of lesion thus increase the reliability on EMG diagnosis. There types of signals, endplate spike, fibrillation potential and positive sharp wave were obtained from the EDB(extensor digitorum brevis) muscle using then neuropathic patients. Eight parameters such as duration, area, slope, peak-to-peak amplitude, positive peak negative peak amplitude, ratio of positive to negative peak amplitude, and number of phase were extracted and compared. As a results, peak-to-peak amplitude, positive peak amplitude, ratio of positive to negative peak amplitude showed statistically significant differences between endplate spikes and denervation potentials. It was concluded that those parameters could be used to establish an algorithm which will improve the accuracies in automated quantitative EMG diagnosis.