• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The morphological features of neuronal dendritic spines are changed their shapes, sizes and density in response to physiological or pathological conditions . Therefore, exact analysis of spines warrants understanding of neuronal function. The size of the spine is at the borderline of resolution with light microscopy. High voltage electron microscopy Provide excellent resolution of the spines with proper stain techniques thanks to its higher resolution and penetration power. We evaluated more effective staining method for observing dendritic spines after labeling Purkinje cells with anti-calbindin 28 kD immunohistochemistry or Golgi staining methods. 4 fm thickness sections were observed with high voltage electron microscopy and some morphometric analyses were performed. Both Golgi staining and immunohistochemistry revealed the detail structures of the Purkinje cell such as soma, dendrites, and dendritic spines. High voltage electron micrographs with Golgi staining provide more precise morphology and are easy to measure. Average density of spine is $24.5{\pm}3.6/10{\mu}m$ and its length is $1.12{\pm}0.22{\mu}m$. For quantitative analysis of the spines, high voltage electron, micrographs with Golgi staining are more effective. This preliminary result is expected to be useful for further study of spine plasticity in various conditions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.779-788
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• 2005

Purpose : Echinacea, a traditional plant medicine has been used as immune-stimulant. Recent studies have revealed that extract of Echinacea has immunostimulatory effects on human blood mononuclear cells. This study was designed for the purpose of screening the genes associated with immunologic effects of Echinacea on monocytes and dendritic cells using a cDNA microarray chip. Methods : $CD14^+$ monocyte cells were cultured for one day with Echinacea extract(final concentration : $50{\mu}g/mL$) in experiment 1, but were cultured without Echinacea in experiment 2. The gene expression of these cultured monocytes was analyzed using the cDNA microarray chip. Dendritic cells produced from $CD14^+$ monocyte were cultured for five days with GM-CSF and IL-4, and then cultured for one day with Echinacea in experiment 3, but were done without Echinacea in experiment 4. Results : In experiments 1 and 2, there were 17 significantly expressed genes with average expression ratios above 2.5, including interferon gamma-inducible protein 30(IFI 30), CDC(cell-division-cylcle)-like kinase 2(CLK 2), syndecan binding protein(syntenin), superoxide dismutase 2, etc. In experiments 3 and 4, there were 24 gene, with significantly expressed genes were 24 genes, which were insulin-like growth factor 2(somatomedin A), methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3, IFI 30, small inducible cytokine subfamily A, member 22, etc. The genes encoding CD44, IFI 30, mannose receptor C type 1(MRC 1), chemokine receptor 7(CCR 7), CLK 2, syntenin and cytochrome C oxidase subunit VIII were significantly expressed in both monocytes and dendritic cells cultured with Echinacea. Conclusion : This study employed a cDNA microarray chip to elicit the immune-associated gene profile; the expression was enhanced by Echinacea in CD14+ monocytes and dendritic cells. Thus we laid the basis for the quantitative and functional analysis of genes induced by Echinacea in monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.88-89
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• 2005

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.248-248
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• 2001

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.32-33
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• 1999

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.947-951
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• 2003

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.98.2-98.2
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.261.1-261
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2009

The microtstructures and properties of alloys in the pseudo-binary $Bi_2Te_3-PbTe$ system were investigated as a first step towards the design of nanostructured materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties. The liquid alloys were cooled by water quenching method. Dendritic and lamellar structures were observed clearly by using environmental scanning electron microscope(eSEM) and electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) take into account composition ratio between $Bi_2Te_3$ and PbTe. The compound $Pb_2Bi_6Te_{11}$ precipitated as a metastable phase under all conditions. The structure of those samples changed from dendritic to lamellar by increasing $Bi_2Te_3$ ratio of composition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1790-1794
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• 2005

Fréchet-type dendritic benzyl azides were efficiently synthesized using 5-(azidomethyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene as an azide focal point functionalized unit by adding a generation to the existing dendron and applied for the construction of dendrimers containing 1,2,3-triazole rings as connectors via click chemistry with a tripodal acetylene core.