• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.296-300
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• 1994

Recently hospital food service systems are often burdened with labour problems including employee job dissatisfaction, high labour costs and turn over. It is essential that these factors should be considered in developing for assuring palatable, nutritious, and safe feeding. A survey of 14 hospital conventional food service systems was undertaken and detailed information was collected from 390 catering staff. Foodservice employee satisfaction was evaluated by measuring employee job attitudes towards five aspects of their job using the Job Description Index(JDI). The food serive workers surveyed in this research were less satisfied with their jobs than are other types of workers in other industries. The demographic variables including age, length of employment and kinds of work were significantly related to job satisfaction. It was also found that catering staff in 14 hospitals surveyed were more satisfied with their interpersonal relations with supervisions and co-workers than with work content, pay and promotional opportunities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.541-551
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• 2021

One of the most important aspects of any firm is to motivate its employees to go the extra mile. In order to do work properly, people must be motivated. The total effectiveness and efficiency of workers, as well as a company's performance, is directly related to the degree of motivation of those who work there. On the other hand, demotivated personnel do not put much effort and, when they get a better opportunity, leave their places of employment. For Survey, this study used online Google forms to collect data from September 2021 to October 2021. The target demographic for the research was those who worked for Lebanon's private businesses. The poll was conducted in English, the second language of Lebanon. Furthermore, 179 workers (N = 179) were utilized for this research. The research suggests that fun events and support for fun managers enable workers to connect informally and help people know each other better, creating an environment that promotes friendship building. Based on these connected reasons, fun activities and the support of managers for fun are considerably linked to turnover.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the main features of the socio-economic development of the countries of the world under the influence of the digital economy and COVID-19. The modern world has already taken the first step towards a fundamentally new technological, economic and social reality. However, the challenges facing the modern industrial society cannot be overestimated. We are talking about changing the global socio-technological order, the consequence of which is a complete reformatting of the systems familiar to us, the formation of new social and economic strategies. the technological paradigm is immediately changing, management models and social norms are changing, large-scale demographic shifts are taking place. As a result of the study, key aspects of socio-economic development in the digital economy were identified.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2015

Background: The study was designed to assess the changes in working conditions through a comparative analysis of the characteristics of working conditions in 2006 and 2010. Methods: We performed a comparative analysis of the data related to the first Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) and the second KWCS in the categories of demographic characteristics, quality of labor, exposure to hazards, and health problems. Results: From our analysis of the demographic characteristics, we saw an increase in labor force participation rate of women and elderly people. As a result of the investigation with regards to working hours, the ratio of employees who worked for ${\geq}49$ hours per week was decreased and the ratio of employees who worked for ${\geq}40h/wk$ increased. As for exposure to hazards, exposure to tobacco smoke notably decreased in 2010 compared with 2006. With regards to health problems, there was a sharp increase in the number of people who complained of muscle pain in their arms and legs. Conclusion: KWCS data included many aspects of working conditions as a nationwide sample. In addition, because this is a periodic nationwide survey, the labor force, working hours, harmful factor exposure, and the change in health problems characteristics according to the flow of time could be investigated. The information comparing the main results of the first survey conducted in 2006 and the second survey conducted in 2010 obtained through this study can be used as an important base material for the establishment of the national policy.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

This study investigated how acculturation varies with demographic variables and is related to dietary habits among Korean Americans. The respondents were 162 Korea Americans aged at least 18 years old residing in the Greater New York metropolitan area. The level of acculturation was measured using a modified Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation(SL-ASIA) scale. Acculturation was operationally defined to be composed of 6 factors, which are language, media use, friendship, food, pride, and ethnic self-identity. Each factor in the level of acculturation was identified by how it is related to demographics and dietary habits in the method of correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regressions analyses. The reliability of the modified SL-ASIA scale was high as measured by Cronbach alpha of .92. The level of acculturation was related to place of birth, age, length of residence in the U.S., and education. The younger, the longer they had lived in the U.S., and the more they were educated, the more acculturated. Acculturation could be predictable for 52% of its variance with all demographic variables. Among the 6 factors in the level of acculturation, five of them, language, media use friendship, food, and ethnic self-identity were correlated with dietary habit changes after immigration and type of meals. All 6 acculturation factors could predict 21% of change in dietary habits. the information from this study can be used to describe usual describe usual dietary habits according to various aspects of acculturation to better understand the dynamics among acculturation, demographics, and dietary habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.61-71
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• 2005

Everything of the world we live in has its own unique color. Those colors move us, enrich our every day life, and make us happy. When we have our hairs dyed by a color we like, we may look different, feeling confident and activated. We select a color fur our hair color design depending on such symbolic aspects as our life styles, self-images or personalities. Namely, we tend to choose a color the image of which we like. Such a tendency implies that it should be important to study hair colors in multi-faceted ways. The purpose of this study was to survey people's preferences of hair color tone images depending on their demographic and physical variables and thereby, determine the correlations between their preferences and variables. For this purpose, hair colors tones were classified into 11 categories and thereby, subjects' preferences of hair tones were analyzed in terms of the image adjective combinations. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; As a result of analyzing subjects' preferences of hair color tones depending on their such demographic variables as gender, age group and marital status, it was found that males tended to prefer dark tones more than females, and that those in their 30's or older tended to select dark tones more than those in their 20's. On the other hand, the married preferred medium bright tones more than the singles. Furthermore, such physical variables as body size, weight and apparel size were found correlated with hair color tone preferences. To be specific, shorter people desired more to have their hair colors match with their natural ones not to be less exposed to others. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the correlation between hair color tone preferences and weight and apparel size, it was found that fat people tended more to prefer medium bright color tones than normal or slim people.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

With regard to recently emerged problems of smartphone addiction among adults and adolescents, this paper researched upper-grade elementary students depending on various demographic factors that have not been studied thoroughly so far. The survey was conducted on 1570 students in grades 4~6 of schools in Gyeonggi province. Results showed that, first, the average rate of smartphone ownership was about 66%. Second, about 1% of the students belonged to high-risk group, 5.7% to at-risk group, and normal user group was 93.3%. Third, based on the demographic factors, grade and academic achievements each was significantly correlated to the type of addiction group. For example, students with poor academic performance or in higher grade were more likely to be highly addictive. Fourth, both groups of at-risk and of normal-user pertaining to these factors - in urban areas, male students, sixth-grade, in dual income families - showed higher addictiveness score. But they were contrasted in the aspects of household economy and academic performance: at-risk group was more addictive in affluent families or excellent academic performance, whereas normal-user group had higher level of addictiveness in case of poor families or lower academic performance.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1989

It is well known that vital statistics is of great importance as basic data for establishing various range of national policies. Especially, vital statistics is important among demographic information for monitoring and evaluating the population policy, for constructing life table, for making population projection, and for studying various aspects of the society. In principle, the production of vital statistics is based on the registration system. It is, however, still observed that there are some limitations in utilizing fully the registration system due to the inherent problems such as problems in its coverage, accuracies and timeliness. Thus, as an alternative, many countries conduct survey on vital statistics in order to supplement the registration system and obtain in-depth data. Korea is no exception in this aspect. The National Bureau of Statistics carries out the so-called Continuous Demographic Survey. This is a kind of multi-round retrospective survey, covering 32, 000 households and having reference period of one month. The survey has also characteristics of multi-subject sample. Thus, surveys on economic activity status of population, house-hold income & expenditure, and social indicators are together conducted with the same sample. It is, however, found that the survey itself tends to have some quality problems. Especially, the quality problems connected with field data collection are summarized as coverage error, non-response error and response error. Although it is inevitable not to be free from these errors, we should make all our efforts to reduce the errors. The probable schemes pointed out in this paper are as follows : 1) the strengthening formal quality control activities, 2) the review of the survey method, i. e., the combining interview method with mail-sending and mail-back method or pick-up method, 3) well documentation for various cases found in every stage of data collection, and 4) the strengthening the analytical activities. It is, also, emphasized that sincerity of planners and interviewers is the most important factor among other things.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.217-229
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• 2014

This study was performed to identify neighborhood deprivation indicators associated with health and to test the contextual effects of those indicators on individual health. This study calculated SMR based on Dong district and see the differences of prediction across deprivation index and indicators. Then, a multi-level analysis using HGLM was conducted to test the contextual effect of neighborhood depreivation indicators on health after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic status of individuals. The results showed that regional SMR had strong correlations with land price, education, welfare recipients, female household proportion in Dong district but failed to show the correlation with individual health and neighborhood deprivation. Individual health was only associated with individual level of demographic and socioeconomic status. That is, spatial dispersion of illness is understood as the distribution of social classes in terms of socioeconomic status of individuals, not the contextual aspects of community.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Purpose: Korea, China, and Japan can be seen as a geopolitical community that has developed through various relationships in terms of history. However, nowadays, it seems that they are pursuing different societal goals resulting from the difference in political and social systems, demographic structures, and economic situations. The law provides the minimum standards for people's lives in the direction that the society pursues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the architectural differences in medical facilities and their causes comparing the legal standards of medical facilities in Korea, China, and Japan. Methods: The subject of the study is Korea, China, and Japan's legal standards of facilities corresponding to the Korean medical service act; enforcement decree of medical service act; and enforcement rules of medical service act. The scope of the study is as follows: First, the facilities standards and the reason for the revision of the standards after the 1950s when the current system of each country was established are investigated and thus the changing trends of the facilities standards that each country has pursued are analyzed. Second, the range and level presented by the current facilities standards of each country are compared and the differences are analyzed. Finally, cases in which the differences in the legal facilities standards are reflected in the actual design are compared and the effect of the facilities standards of medical facilities on the architectural plan is identified. Results & Implications: Each country differs in the legal standards of facilities because of changes in demographic structure and experience of disease. Moreover, it is identified that differences in social operating systems, especially in the operating methods of medical facilities, affect the range and level enforced by the facility standards. When investigating and researching foreign standards of facilities and cases for foreign medical facilities, it is required that they should be analyzed in consideration of the social and cultural aspects of each country.