• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of saving rates in households (1982-1998). That has increased approximately 50% in all classes and have changed in according to economic development, price indices and economic situations. Demographic characteristics such as income, age and number of family members were the variables which show the differences in saving rates.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.541-541
• /
• 2018

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study furthers the currents understanding of mental health status and stress level among Seoul citizens and to identify differences according to socio-demographic variables for developing mental health programs. Methods: The study subjects using cluster-stratified sampling method were 1234 adults over 19 years old from 17 dong, S-Ku in Seoul City. A cross-sectional study with face-to-face interview was used to collect data. A questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and psychosocial wellbeing index-short form (PWI-SF) was utilized. Results: Three findings in this study were discussed: (1) The rate of clinical mental health was low in contrary to that of border group which was high and the rate of high risk group of stress was 68.1% (men 67.0%, women 69.0%); (2) The mental health and the stress level was significantly higher among female, elderly, lower education level, divorced, and lower family income; and (3) In Pearson correlation analysis, stress were correlated to all 9 symptoms of SCL-R. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the future intervention of Mental Health programs should be carefully designed and tailored by socio-demographic variables.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.152-165
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was examining the preference difference of the necktie design for the stripe patterns according to the demographic characteristics. The study method was a research study through a survey. The study subject was the adult men in their from 20's to 50's. The study stimulative was the stripe patterns of man's necktie which were made by Adobe Photoshop 9 with using the color, the arrangement, the interval, and the width of necktie. The results of study are as follows. As the difference analysis result for the color preference for stripe pattern according to the demographic characteristic, men in their 20's preferred most gray series, men whose monthly income is less than two millions won and men of owner-operator preferred most red series, and all the rest of men preferred blue series. As the difference analysis result for the preference of arrangement type, men in their 20's preferred most the stripe pattern of width, students preferred most the stripe pattern of length, all the rest of men preferred most the stripe pattern of diagonal. As the difference analysis result for the preference of stripe interval for necktie, unmarried men, students, men in their 20's, and men engaging in sales/service and production work preferred most the interval of 0.6cm, all the rest of men preferred most the interval of 1.2cm. As the difference analysis result for the preference of necktie width, unmarried men, men in their 20's, men engaging in sales/service and production work, and students preferred most the width of 7cm, all the rest of men preferred most the interval of 8cm.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The study investigated the association between indoor air pollution (IAP) and risk factors for acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms in children under 5 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data derived from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey in 2017. Binary logistic regression modeling was employed to examine each predictor variable associated with ARI among children under 5 years of age in Indonesia. Results: The study included a total of 4936 households with children. Among children under 5 years old, 7.2% reported ARI symptoms. The presence of ARI symptoms was significantly associated with the type of residence, wealth index, and father's smoking frequency, which were considered the sample's socio-demographic characteristics. In the final model, living in rural areas, having a high wealth index, the father's smoking frequency, and a low education level were all linked to ARI symptoms. Conclusions: The results revealed that households in rural areas had a substantially higher level of reported ARI symptoms among children under 5 years old. Furthermore, the father's smoking frequency and low education level were associated with ARI symptoms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.182-192
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Understanding the factors influencing mothers' decision to breastfeed their infants is essential to formulate effective breastfeeding interventions. This study explored the determinants of optimal breastfeeding indicators in Indonesia. Methods: We used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey to analyze factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and continued breastfeeding at 1 year (CBF-1) and 2 years (CBF-2). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine bio-demographic, socio-cultural, and behavioral characteristics associated with breastfeeding after considering the survey design effect. Results: The risk of delayed breastfeeding initiation was higher among infants who were born smaller, first-born children, were delivered via cesarean delivery, and did not have immediate skin-to-skin contact (p<0.01). Infant's age, birth pattern, household wealth index, and the mother's occupation and smoking status were predictors of EBF (p<0.05). CBF-1 was less common among first-time mothers and those working in the non-agricultural sector, mothers from wealthier families, and mothers who had cesarean deliveries (p<0.01). Infant's age was negatively associated with CBF-2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.99). Mothers attending college were less likely to practice CBF-2 than those with no education or primary education (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.77). The absence of postnatal visits was a risk factor for CBF-1 and CBF-2 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Breastfeeding interventions in Indonesia should pay particular attention to at-risk groups such as women from wealthier families, working outside the agricultural sector, and with a higher education level. Nutrition-sensitive programs (e.g., postnatal care and smoking cessation) should also be encouraged.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.27-80
• /
• 1993

It is widely known that patients' utilization pattern for medical care facilities and the patientflow are influenced by multi-factors, such as demographic characteristics, structural characteristics of society, socio-psychological characteristics(value, attitude, norms, culture, health behavior, etc.), economic characteristics(income, medical price, relative price, physician induced demand, etc.), geographical accessibility, systematic characteristics(health care delivery system, payment methods for physician fees, form of health care security, etc.), and characteristics of medical facilities(reliability, quality of medical care, convenience, kindness, tec.). This study was conducted to research the mechanism of patient-flow according to changes of health care system(implementation of national health insurance, health care referral system and regionalization of health care utilization, etc.) and characteristics of medical facilities(ownership of hospital, characteristics of medical services, non-medical characteristics, etc.). In this study, the fact could be ascertained that the patient-flow had been influenced by changes of health care system and characteristics of medical facilities.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this research was to categorize the type of family financial well-being based on objective and subjective dimension. And this study was intended to explore the relations not only those types and the demographic characteristics but also those types and family subsystem; personal subsystem and managerial subsystem. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The type of family financial well-being were categorized as ‘Adequated type’, ‘Dissatisfying type’, ‘Satisfying type’, and ‘Unadequated type’. 2. The objective variables effect the family financial well-being rather then subjective variables. 3. The family cohesion, adjustment and communication pattern and intentional managing efforts increase the family financial well-being.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.441-451
• /
• 2015

The one-year onboard training, which has been implemented since 1988 according to the STCW Convention in 1978, is a crucial part of cadets' training and education. The choice of training shipping company is important that like a internship. This basic study is for the satisfaction at the shipping companies that trains cadets the Mokpo National Maritime University. The satisfaction for onboard training consists of a conscious, educational and environmental parts with six demographic characteristics and carried out the questionnaire survey of 206 cadets in shipping companies. The low parts of satisfaction are implemented cross tabulation analysis and in-depth interview for realize the reason. In this paper, the satisfaction from environmental part($3.83{\pm}0.75$) is high but conscious part($3.35{\pm}0.86$) and educational part($3.33{\pm}0.79$) are low. In demographic characteristics, male in gender, apprentice officer in duty, others in kind of crew, container in kind of vessel and 30,000~100,000 tons in size of vessel are high satisfaction in general. Specifically, feeding service($4.02{\pm}0.75$) in environment, influence on future vision($3.65{\pm}0.84$) in consciousness, goal for training($3.50{\pm}0.65$) in education showed the highest level in satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.671-681
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the association between perceived oral health and perceived oral symptoms among adults in Daegu. Methods : All 437 subjects aged 18 or more selected convenience sampling were surveyed cross-sectionally via the self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was measured perceived oral symptoms and perceived oral health, and also obtained socio-demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors. To assess the crude associations, bivariate analysis were applied. For the adjusted association between perceived oral health and perceived oral symptoms, multivariate linear regression multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results : 33.2% of the adults rated their perceived oral health was good, and 30.9% as poor. Older age, low education, had peridontal disease was negatively perceived their oral health(p<0.05). As oral symptoms were more frequently perceived, the perceived oral health were negative. Among the factors of perceived oral symptoms, trouble biting/chewing, poor periodontal status, trouble of appearance of teeth were positively associated with the perceived oral health after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors in the regression model. Age, education, income, recent dental treatment, and all perceived oral symptoms showed the highest impact of association with perceived oral health in the baseline-category logit model. Conclusions : Perceived oral health are significantly associated with perceived oral symptoms among adults in Daegu. The findings of this study will be helpful to design plans of oral health promotion in welfare institutions to increase the oral health related quality of life among the adults.