• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine dysphagia risk among community-dwelling elderly people living at home. We also examined the impact of socio-demographic variables on dysphagia risk as well as the relationship between dysphagia risk and dietary characteristics. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample included 568 community-dwelling individuals, aged 65 years and above, who were living independently in their own home in Seoul, Gyeonggi, or Gwangju in South Korea. We used a dysphagia risk assessment scale to screen for dysphagia risk and the Mini nutritional assessment to evaluate the nutritional status. Associations between dysphagia risk and other variables were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 568 subjects, 350 (61.6%) were classified into the dysphagia risk group (DR) and 218 (38.4%) were classified into the normal group (non-DR). Being female (odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-2.59), being 75 years and older (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.69-3.42), having a lower education level (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.33-3.97), and having a lower perceived economic status (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.32-3.60) were more frequently observed with dysphagia risk compared to those who did not have such characteristics. Lowered mastication ability (OR = 14.40, 95% CI = 4.43-46.95), being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.75-4.23), lowered appetite (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.16-4.93), and decreased food intake (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.83-4.78) were observed more frequently in the DR group than in the non-DR group when adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to develop and apply integrated programs to improve the dietary habits and nutritional status of elderly individuals at risk for dysphagia, especially for women aged 75 years or older with lower educational and economic levels.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.123-137
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to examine parental attitudes perceived by juvenile delinquents and to provide the basic material on the problem of juvenile delinquency. For this purpose, this study examines 1) the relation-ship between the juvenile delinquents' social demographic characteristics and the juvenile delinquents' view of parental attitudes 2) the correlation between the juvenile delinquents' social demographic characteristics and the content and the motive of delinquency, 3) the content and the motive of delinquency in accordance with the juvenile delinquents' view of parental attitudes. For the subject of this study, 318 juvenile delinquents who were in the custody of the institution in An-Yang were selected, and questionnaire sheets were used. Of 318 questionnaire sheets, 221 sheets were analyzed by statistical methods, and the data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, average, t-test, x-test, and F-test; 1. There is a significant difference in the juvenile delinquents' view of their fathers in accordance with their fathers' age. Namely, the younger the father is, the more the juvenile delinquent wants his father to be less negative. There is a significant difference in the juvenile delinquents' view of their mothers according to the existence of step-sibling. Juveniles with step-siblings deny their mothers' inconsistent attitude more than the juveniles without a step-sibling. 2. The social demographic characteristics influencing the content of juvenile delinquency are juvenile's age, the degree of education, the father's age, the style of possessing house and the region of a dwelling. The motive of delinquency show a significant difference according to the juvenile's age. 3. According to the results of studying the correlation between the view of parental attitudes and the content and the motive of delinquency, there is a significant difference in the father's protective attitude, and the content of delinquency as well as in the mother's positive denial, her rigid control, her inconsistent attitude and the content of delinquency. The subordinate domains are opposite to the traditional conception that the father is stern and the mother is peronssive. Today our society encourages the parents' equal and democratic attitude toward their children and the juvenile's view of parental attitudes is discordant with the reality. The juvenile delinquents' view of parental attitudes reflects the equalitariansim of the contemporary society but is influenced by the traditional view of the parents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3829-3833
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the practice and associated factors of breast self-examination (BSE) among Malaysian women. Methods: For this cross-sectional study 250 women were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about BSE, and practice of BSE. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS version 13. T-test and ANOVA test were used to explore the relation between socio-demographic characteristics and the practice of BSE. Results: About 32% of the participants reported that they have had family history of cancer and about 20% of the participants reported that they have had family history of breast cancer. The majority of the participants (88.8%) have heard about breast cancer and 78.4% of the participants have heard about BSE. Race, marital status, residency, regular exercise, awareness about breast cancer, belief that breast cancer can be detected early, belief that early detection improves the chance of survival, family history of cancer, family history of breast cancer, awareness about BSE, and belief that BSE is necessary, significantly influenced the practice of BSE among women. Practice of BSE on monthly basis was found to be 47.2% among the study participants. Conclusions: The socio-demographic characteristics significantly influence the practice of BSA among women in Malaysia. The findings of this study might not only influence the planning of specific screening interventions and strategies in Malaysia but might also be important for the relevant international communities, interested in the peculiarities of BSE incidence in different countries.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.659-669
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• 2009

Objectives : The degree of depression in dental hygienist was analyzed to reveal the various factors related to them. Methods : The self-administered questionnaires were filled out from 202 dental hygienist in Daejeon City. The survey items included subjects' socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behaviors, depression. Chi-Square analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient was put into survey results, in which a degree of depression was dependent variable and others were independent variable. Results : 1. The distribution for depression degree has shown the rate as 80.2% in normal range group and 19.8% in depression group. 2. As for depression, long working hours(p=0.042), poor sense satisfaction in work(p=0.000), not fit to the job(p=0.003), low personal relation with peer works or supervisors(p=0.039), without alcohol drinking(p=0.048), poor subjective condition of health(p=0.000) than their respective counterparts. 3. Concerning correlation between depression and various factors, poor sense satisfaction in work(r=-0.332, p=0.000), not fit to the job(r=-0.353, p=0.000), low personal relation with peer works or supervisors(r=-0.215, p=0.002), without alcohol drinking(r=-0183, p=0.009), poor subjective condition of health(r=-0.333, p=0.000). Conclusions : These results showed that depression state could be influenced by various factors, which include socio-demographic, job-related characteristics and health-related behaviors. Therefore, in order to reduce depression state of dental hygienists, development and application of programs to manage and research for them are required to be revitalized as well as socio-demographic and job-related characteristics and health-related behaviors.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.52-64
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• 2013

The purposes of the study were (1) to identify the market segments of home meal replacement(HMR) consumers based on purchasing selection attributes and (2) to investigate demographic characteristics and purchasing behaviors unique to each segmented market. A total of 266 responses were used for data analysis using SPSS 19.0. Data analyses included frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, MANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The result of the factor analysis showed four important dimensions in selection attributes: food quality, design, convenience, and accessibility. The results of the cluster analysis identified two HMR market segments, namely, highly involved HMR consumers and lowly involved HMR consumers. Highly involved HMR consumers considered all the selection dimensions more important than lowly involved HMR consumers. In addition, these two groups showed different demographic characteristics and purchasing behaviors. Managerial implications were provided.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-61
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• 2006

Objective: Drinking drive is a nationally recognized social problem. This research aimed to describe the relationship between drinking behavior and drinking drive based on the social demographic characteristics. Methods: This paper used secondary data for analyses which was derived from the national representative samples of adults; National Health and Nutrition Surveys by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 1998 and 2001. For data analyses, univariate analysis, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were adopted for the samples of male adults who were driving and 20 years old and more. Results: The prevalence of drinking drive varied significantly among socio-demographic characteristics. The year prevalence rates of drinking drive were 29.1% in 1998 and 16.4% in 2001. In the rates of drinking drive, males were higher than those of females in both years. By age, twenties to thirties showed the highest ratio of drinking drive(odd ratio=18.8), compared with the sixties. Related to the occupation, the persons who were engaging in farming and fishery showed the highest ratio(odd ratio=3.73) of drinking drive in comparison to the unemployed. Conclusions: People who drink alcohol frequently tended to have more experiences of drinking drive. In addition, the drivers who drink more amount of alcohol drinking were significantly associated with higher rates of drinking drive, as well. Strategy based on the socio-demographic characteristics may provide a promising prevention of reducing drinking drive. Community-based efforts, education, self-awareness and public-awareness to address drinking and drinking drive problems are effective in reducing drinking drive. Enacting comprehensive regulations which control drinking drive can reduce both alcohol use and drinking drive.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.49-60
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• 2016

Objectives: This study sought to explore the relationships between drinking problems and alcohol's harm to others with the moderating effects of alcohol expectancies on these relationships after controlling for demographic characteristics. Methods: Participants for this study were 1,859 men and women. We performed hierarchical regression analyses with sets of predictors (1) demographic characteristics, (2) drinking problems and alcohol expectancies, and (3) interaction terms between drinking problems and alcohol expectancies. Results: After controlling for demographic characteristics, drinking problems and alcohol expectancies had the significant effects on alcohol's harm to others in both men and women. However, the interactions between drinking problems and negative alcohol expectancy showed the significant impacts on alcohol's harm to others among men. When men had higher levels of negative alcohol expectancy, drinking problems showed stronger effects on alcohol's harm to others. Conclusions: As a result, findings from the study highlight the importance of more sophisticated public policy to prevent and to intervene drinking problems and to support those around drinkers and drinkers themselves.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.149-158
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop food truck concept based on demographic characteristics by using conjoint analysis. This study investigated the attributes importance and attributes level based on gender, age and income. Results of the research were following. First, as a result of analyzing the attributes importance and attributes level of gender, age, and income, it found that the price was more important than the type of food. The shape of food, a design of the truck and service are the following features of the attributes importance. Second, in the entire of market analysis, packaging was the most important factor next to the price and the food shape. Third, according to gender analysis, male and female prefer Korean style with price range of 5,000~7,000 won. Men prefer take - out menu such as plastic packaging and traditional truck design. Also, the study showed that women prefer having a meal at restaurant, paper packaging style and modern design. Fourth, according to the age analysis results, all of ages group prefer the price range of 5,000~7,000 won except for people who are 60s and beyond. Also, in the food type, people prefer Western style in their 20s, Japanese style in their 30s and Korean style in their 40s, 50s, 60s. Fifth, according to income analysis, Western menus with income of 4,000,000~5,000,000won are preferred a price range of 7,000~10,000won and Japanese menus with income more than 5,000,000won are preferred a price range of 7,000~10,000won.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

This study attempted to verify the relationship among Job Attitude, Personality and Demographic Characteristics according to Dual Commitment Type. The groups were named 'very high dual commitment group(both highly committed to the organization and union)', 'normal dual commitment group(average level of commitment to both of them)', 'resisting dual commitment group(no commitment to both of them)', 'organization commitment group(only committed to organization)', 'union commitment group(only committed to union)'. This research was analyzed by 388 Hyundai and Kia motor company members and 'very high dual commitment group' and 'organizational commitment group' showed the highest Job Satisfaction and Job Involvement. Through group segmentations considering sub-concepts could contribute to design a strategy to increase the company's competitiveness in aspects of the direction to the HR policy.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine how socio-demographic characteristics and delinquent behaviors affect the suicidal ideation among the Korean high school students. Using the 35,668 senior high school student cases of 2009 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-line Survey data, it conducted a secondary data analysis. Frequency analysis, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was done. Being female, living without parents, low economic status, poor academic record, technical school students, young students, poor academic record, internet addition, problem drinking, smoking cigarettes and experience of drug use significantly increased probability of their suicidal thoughts. Findings may be used for tackle the issues of suicidal thoughts among the Korean senior high school students.