• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

치매는 기억력을 포함한 다양한 영역의 인지기능의 손상을 특징으로 하는 질병군으로 정의된다. 그러므로 현재 치매진단을 위하여 사용되고 있는 대부분의 진단기준들은 치매의 진단에 있어 기억 장애를 필수요소로 포함하고 있다. 기억력의 감퇴는 노화과정의 결과로서 나타날 수 있다. 치매와는 달리 노화에서의 기억력의 감퇴는 노화에 따른 정상으로 간주되며 사회적 그리고 직업적 기능의 영역에서 심각한 어려움이나 손상을 초래하지 않는다. 우울증 또한 기억장애를 동반할 수 있다. 하지만 치매와는 달리 우울증에서는 언어성 지연회상과 재인기억의 감소는 나타내지 않는다. 치매환자들에서의 기억장애도 병소의 위치에 따라 다른양상으로 나타날 수 있다. 피질성치매에서의 기억장애는 정보의 부호화와 기억강화과정의 이상에 의해 초래된 것인데, 피질하치매에서의 기억장애는 인출의 장애에 의한 것이다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and devastating dementing disorders of old age. Most AD patients showed significant alternation of sleep structure as well as cognitive deficit. Typical findings of sleep architecture in AD patients include lower sleep efficiency, higher stage 1 percentage, and greater frequency of arousals. The slowing of EEG activity is also noted. Abnormalities in REM sleep are of particular interest in AD because the cholinergic system is related to both REM sleep and AD. Several parameters representing REM sleep structure such as REM latency, the amount of REM sleep, and REM density are change in patients with AD. Especially, measurements of EEG slowing during tonic REM sleep can be used as an EEG marker for early detection of possible AD. In addition, a structural defect in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is suggested to cause various chronobiological alternations in AD. Most of alternations related to sleep make sleep disturbances common and disruptive symptoms of AD. In this article, the author reviewed the alternation of sleep structure and circadian rhythm in AD patients.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권sup1호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2008

PET of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is increasingly used to support the clinical diagnosis in the examination of patients with suspected major neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET has been reported to have high diagnostic performance, especially, very high sensitivity in the diagnosis and clinical assessment of therapeutic efficacy. According to clinical research data hitherto, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is expected to be an effective diagnostic tool in early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Since 2004, Medicare covers $^{18}F-FDG$ PET scans for the differential diagnosis of fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) under specific requirements; or, its use in a CMS approved practical clinical trial focused on the utility of $^{18}F-FDG$ PET in the diagnosis or treatment of dementing neurodegenerative diseases.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2002

The impact of chronic diseases on patients and their families depends on how well the family members cope with it. Therefore, research on strategies for facilitating the coping of the families in a desirable manner is very important. Dementia management strategies refer to specific means families of dementia patients use to cope with dementing illness of their family members. This study was designed to examine type of dementia management strategies utilized by families and to identify factors influencing them. The subjects in this study were 103 conveniently selected demented patients and their primary caregivers who were registered to a public health center located in Chungcheong Province. The subjects were visited by 20 home visiting nurses, and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were collected form May 2, 2001 to June 2, 2001. The findings of this study were as follows. 1. The most frequently used types of dementia management strategies were active management (M=3.36, S.D=.96), and encouragement (M=2.94, S.D=.99). Criticism was least used type of dementia management strategy (M=2.71, S.D=.99). 2. The factors influencing each management strategy were as follows; 1) The criticism management strategy was most frequently used by the primary caregivers who graduated elementary school (F=3.21, p<.05). 2) The encouragement strategy was most frequently used by the primary caregivers in a case when the patients were in the mild stage of dementia (F=2.76, p<.05), when the patients never had any treatment experiences (F=2.01, p<.05), when the family could afford the provision of treatment for the patients (F=-2.44, p<.050), and when the primary caregiver had a job (t=2.90, p<.01). 3) The active management strategy was most widely used by the primary caregivers who could afford the provision of treatment for the patients (F=-2.31, p<.05) and were in their 70s (F=3.04, p<.05). This type of management strategy was significantly more used by those who discussed the difficulties of caring with their family members (F=3.46, p<.05). 3. The use of criticism management strategies was significantly correlated with the total level of burden of the primary caregivers. But the types of encouragement and active management strategies had negative correlations with the caregivers' burden although they were not significant. Since the findings of this study showed that the criticism management strategy had a significant positive relationship with caregivers' burden, those who are more likely to use the negative management strategy should be identified in future studies. The primary caregivers who are more likely to use negative strategy should be more closely monitored and be focused as the group who should be intervened in future studies.