• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2008

An emergy concept was used to evaluate the environment and economy of the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River in Korea. The emergy evaluations clearly showed ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of the estuarine areas that act as ecological and economic centers of surrounding areas. River, tide, and rain provided most of the renewable emergy inputs to the estuarine areas with their contribution to the total emergy input less than 8%. The estuarine areas mostly relied for their operation on the purchased emergy which accounted for $92{\sim}98%$ of the total emergy input to the systems. Emergy indices such as emergy use per unit area, population carrying capacity, environmental loading ratio, and emergy sustainability index revealed that the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River are not sustainable at the current level of economic activities in the areas. The ecological economic values of the environment of the areas were in the range of $7.29{\sim}22.06$ million Em\/ha/yr. They are more than twice that for the whole country, indicating the ecological and economic importance of the eatuarine areas. It is, therefore, urgent to establish and implement estuarine management policies to protect and restore the ecological and economic potentials of the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River. Management plans for the estuarine areas should include both demand-side measures such as reduction of population and economic concentration and consideration of ecological carrying capacity in planning stages for utilization and development of the areas, and supply-side ones such as restoration of degraded ecosystems and construction of new productive ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.370-378
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• 2015

Oral health is a critical factor for diagnosing overall health, as poor oral health has a negative impact on food intake and results in deterioration of nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to research the needs for food developments for the elderly based on their oral and overall health status. Oral status was significantly associated with self-reported health status, and dry mouth (lack of saliva) especially showed a significant relationship with negative self-perception of both oral and overall health. For both elderly men and women, fish and leafy vegetables were the most preferred side dishes. Bread, rice cake, and beverage-type foods were also preferred for snack development. Disease status of the elderly was significantly related with their preference for food development. For instance, those with diabetes were more likely to ask for anti-diabetic diets. The most important factor for the elderly in choosing food was nutritional balance, and less than 3,000 won was cited as an affordable price. The results could be utilized as basic data to develop foods for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2003

In Korea home economics in the secondary school level was only taught to girls until 1995. So. home economics education only for girls was criticized to sexist education by the feminists. According to the 6th revision of curriculum. home economics has been taught to girls and boys. But some of curriculum developers raises another questions on home economics education. They argue that home economics is a subject which prepares students for the demand of their day-to-day lives. but they can manage their lives well without school learning. The purpose of this study is to explore the educational values of home economics in secondary education from the gender-sensitive approach. For this study, a literature survey on the nature of home economic education in secondary education and the content analysis on 12 secondary school textbooks of Home Economics were employed. The results are as follows : First, the educational values of home economics education should not be underestimated. The aims of home economics education is to help students grew into a independent person by managing their daily lives. The home is charged with fostering a side of our life which we might call Personal, private. intimate and nurturing. The management of the home needs good skills and attitudes. and many knowledges on the child rearing, family relation, marriage, love and sex, which can not be successfully acquired without school learning. And home economics education for boys and girls can help break down the barriers between the sexes because it can change the attitudes of students regarding the private sphere. which is traditionally where women have worked. Second. most of contents of Home Economics were composed of the women-oriented contents. There was a trend still describing that domestic labor mainly be carried out by mother. And the ideas that only the family consisting of two parents and their children is normal were founded. Finally directions of development of the Home Economics Education are suggested.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.699-728
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• 2005

This article is basically an extension of Barten(1993), Brown et al. (1995), Holt and Bishop's(2002) price formation system. A new dynamic price formation system is attempted considering full rationality of the consumers' side. The underlying idea of the new dynamic price formation system is that consumers are rational and farsighted and thus consider past and future consumptions in addition to current consumption to accept the prices traders called. In an empirical application, the U.S. commercial fish demand data are particularly interesting to this analysis in which the species are over fished, including many of the most valuable species. Especially, the grouper-snapper complex are under management jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Council. In the empirical section, it shows how to adapt the model to estimate the marginal values to consumers of commercial fisheries. Since it is conceived of regulations as inducing movements along the marginal value curves, it is of growing importance to regional and national policy makers who are confronted with competing claims on diminishing fish stocks by commercial fisheries interests. It performs well and shows the plausible signs and magnitudes of price flexibilities and interaction among species. It further contributes to the general methodology of applied economics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1019-1034
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• 2022

Malware attacks become more prevalent in the hyper-connected society of the 4th industrial revolution. To respond to such malware, automation of malware detection using artificial intelligence technology is attracting attention as a new alternative. However, using artificial intelligence without collateral for its reliability poses greater risks and side effects. The EU and the United States are seeking ways to secure the reliability of artificial intelligence, and the government announced a reliable strategy for realizing artificial intelligence in 2021. The government's AI reliability has five attributes: Safety, Explainability, Transparency, Robustness and Fairness. We develop four elements of safety, explainable, transparent, and fairness, excluding robustness in the malware detection model. In particular, we demonstrated stable generalization performance, which is model accuracy, through the verification of external agencies, and developed focusing on explainability including transparency. The artificial intelligence model, of which learning is determined by changing data, requires life cycle management. As a result, demand for the MLops framework is increasing, which integrates data, model development, and service operations. EXE-executable malware and documented malware response services become data collector as well as service operation at the same time, and connect with data pipelines which obtain information for labeling and purification through external APIs. We have facilitated other security service associations or infrastructure scaling using cloud SaaS and standard APIs.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.41-54
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• 2022

Despite the recent rapid advancement of science and technology, we have been experiencing the decline in productivity since the 2000s. This study aims to investigate the decline at both industry and firm levels, by looking at the emergence and growth of large firms such as Amazon, Alphabet, and Apple and M&A trends. Following the results of previous studies, our results show that productivity at industry level has decreased since the 2000s. Particularly, in the period after 2011, the deterioration of allocative efficiency due to the large firms and the decline in the growth rate of surviving firms in the industry with low ratio of large firms contributed to the productivity decline. On the other hand, our analysis at firm level demonstrates that the productivity of firms that acquired IT firms improved over the entire period. While M&As have a positive impact on productivity, M&As with a demand-side motive such as market penetration and expansion of channels have a relatively larger impact than the ones for production or operation efficiency. Our results also suggest that the higher the proportion of large firms in a specific industry, the lower the productivity of individual firms in the same industry. Overall, given that the industry's structural changes for digital transformation tends to strengthen the growth of large firms, our findings have significant implications by empirically identifying the relationships of the emergence of large firms, the acquisition of IT/Non-IT firms, and motivations for M&As to firm/industry productivity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2021

Since the 2016 "Housing Act Partial Amendment" and the "2018 Housing Comprehensive Amendment Plan", interest in the pre sale system and post sale system of apartment houses has been on the rise. In order to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the pre sale system and the post sale system of apartment houses, and to establish the basis for the institutional policy of the post sale system, a questionnaire survey method was used for tenants of the apartment house from the public side, and issues of time and cost. The time series analysis method is intended to suggest an appropriate time for payment of contributions. Accordingly, through a review of existing theories and literature, the post sale system of public and private institutions was organized, and through a questionnaire survey, the path to securing pre sale money, product information of the model house, and the degree of awareness of the effect of the post sale system were investigated. For the post sale fund support and payment method, it is necessary to increase the commercial line for existing financiers from the user's point of view, and it is necessary to operate in consideration of the economic power of the pre sale market by region. Both 60% post sale and 80% post sale have a price range of up to KRW 10 million, and the total interest rate is 5.0%, and the annual interest rate is about 2.8% for 60% post sale, and about 2.1% for 80% post sale, which is lower than the current 3.1%. I need an interest rate. The research is a perception survey targeting a total of 5,213 households in a sample of after sale apartments in public institutions. As the actual values are analyzed using a time series on the effects of market supply and demand and market prices, there is a limit to applying them to prospective residents of private apartments. In addition, to respond to first time tenants, a questionnaire survey was conducted on five complexes that have moved in within the last five years.