• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

The aim of this study was to provide a new assessment of rotator cuff muscle activity. Eight male subjects (24.7 ± 3.2 years old,171.2 ± 9.8 cm tall, and weighing 63.8 ± 11.9 kg) performed the study exercises. The subjects performed 10 sets of the exercise while fixing the elbow at 90 degrees flexure and lying supine on a bed. One exercise set consisted of the subject performing external shoulder rotation 50 times using training equipment. Two imaging protocols were employed: (a) true fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) at an acquisition time of 12 seconds and (b) multi-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging (MSSE-EPI) at an acquisition time of 30 seconds for one echo. The main method of assessing rotator cuff muscle activity was functional T2 mapping using ultrafast imaging (fast-acquired muscle functional MRI [fast-mfMRI]). Fast-mfMRI enabled real-time imaging for the identification and evaluation of the degree of muscle activity induced by the exercise. Regions of interest were set at several places in the musculus subscapularis (sub), musculus supraspinatus (sup), musculus teres minor (ter), and deltoid muscle (del). We used the MR signal of the images and transverse relaxation time (T2) for comparison. Most of the TrueFISP signal was not changed by exercise and there was no significant difference from the resting values. Only the T2 in the musculus teres minor was increased after one set and the change were seen on the T2 images. Additionally, except for those after one and two sets, the changes in T2 were significant compared to those at rest (P < 0.01). We also demonstrated identify and visualize the extent to which muscles involved in muscle activity by exercise. In addition, we showed that muscle activity in a region such as a shoulder, which is susceptible to B0 inhomogeneity, could be easily detected using this technique.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Embedding therapy on frozen shoulder. Methods: 57 patients with frozen shoulder were treated with Embedding therapy. It was performed once a day, once per a week. 15~20 Embedding thread were used in one time Embedding therapy. The total number of Embedding therapy was 10. Trapezius muscle including the Gyeonjeong ($GB_{21}$), Deltoid muscle including the Nosu ($SI_{10}$), Supraspinatus muscle including the Byeongpung ($SI_{12}$), Infraspinatus muscle including the Cheonjong ($SI_{11}$) and gokwon($SI_{13}$), Lavator scapular muscle including the Gyeonjunsu ($SI_{15}$), Rhomboides major muscle including the Pungmun ($BL_{12}$), Rhomboides minor muscle including the Daejeo ($BL_{11}$) and Teres major muscle including the Gyeonjeong ($SI_{19}$). VAS scale, SPADI scale and ROM were compared between before and after treatment to evaluate the effect of Embedding therapy. Results: VAS scale decreased significantly (p=0.003). SPADI Scale decreased significantly (pain (p=0.006), disability(p=0.005)). ROM angle range increased significantly(flexion (p=0.005), extension(p=0.005), abduction(p=0.003), adduction(p=0.003), external rotation (p=0.005), internalrotation(p=0.005)). 29.8% patients were very much satisfied, 62.0% patients were satisfied and 8.0% patients were answered so so about Embedding therapy. Conclusion: The Embedding therapy could be effective to improve symptoms of frozen shoulder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 2012

This study examined the effects of vocalization on upper extremity muscle activity during reaching task in patients with hemiplegia. Thirteen persons with right brain stroke performed reaching to a cup under four concurrent speech conditions of vocalizing the word "Ah" with hemiplegic side. These four conditions are self-vocalization, external vocalization, imaginary vocalization, and no vocalization. The muscle activity(Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii, Middle deltoid, and Upper trapezius) were measured using MP150. Muscle activity was significantly higher under self-vocalization and external vocalization conditions compared to the muscle activity under imaginary vocalization and no vocalization conditions on triceps brachii muscle.(p<0.05). Triceps brachii muscle was highly correlated with biceps brachii muscle(r=0.777, p<0.05). The results suggest that self-vocalization and external vocalization can be used in facilitating upper extremity movements in patients with stroke. When working with patients with right hemispheric stroke, therapists might explore possibilities of using patient's self-speech to enhance the quality of upper extremity movement performance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to verify the differences in muscle characteristics of elite level swimmers before and after a 2-hour practice session. Method: The study was conducted on 15 elite swimmers. Preliminary measurements for each muscle (Anterior Deltoid, Triceps Brachii, Biceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris) were taken using the MyotonPRO device before training. After approximately 2 hours of training, the same muscle areas were measured again. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and two-way 2×2 RG·RM ANOVA, and all statistical significance levels were set at α=.05. Results: After analyzing the characteristics of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) before and after training in both proficiency level swimmers (excellent, non-excellent), it was found that the interaction effect of group X repetition in muscle tension (F), muscle stiffness (S), and body recovery time (R) was statistically significant. Secondly, in the analysis of the Biceps Brachii (BB), the main effect of repetition in muscle tension (F), muscle stiffness (S), and body recovery time (R) was statistically significant. Furthermore, the interaction effect of group X repetition in muscle stiffness (S) and body recovery time (R) was statistically significant. Conclusion: The efficient use of FCU and BB suggests that it is an important factor distinguishing the performance of excellent and non-excellent swimmers in swimming. Therefore, if we develop and apply measures to efficiently utilize FCU and BB during training, it can help improve the performance of the athletes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2022

Background: This study investigated the effect of robot-assisted arm training on muscle activity of arm and weight bearing in stroke patients. Methods: The study subjects were selected 20 stroke patients who met the selection criteria. 10 people in the robot-assisted arm training group and 10 people in the task-oriented arm training group were randomly assigned. The experimental group performed robot-assisted arm training, and the control group performed task-oriented arm training for 6 weeks, 5 days a week, 30 minutes a day. The measurement tools included surface electromyography and smart insole system. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the paired sample t-test. Results: Comparing the muscle activity of arm within the group, the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences in muscle activity in the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius. Comparing the muscle activity of arms between the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in all muscle activity of arm compared to the control group. Comparing the weight bearing within the groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings and there were significant differences in anterior and posterior weight bearing. The control group showed significant difference only in the non-affected side weight bearing. Comparing the weight bearings between groups, the experimental group showed significant difference in the affected side and non-affected side weight bearings compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed that robot-assisted arm training applied to stroke patients for 6 weeks significantly improved muscle activity of arm and weight bearing. Based on these results, it is considered that robot-assisted arm training can be a useful treatment in clinical practice to improve the kinematic variables in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate difference of the muscle activation patterns of the upper body during wheelchair cycle ramps ascent of different slopes for disabled with spinal cord injury. Three subjects who is disabled with spinal cord injury participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) data (reaction time [RT], onset-offset time, and peak value of muscle activation) were collected biceps, triceps, upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and upper rectus abdominal muscles during wheelchair cycle ramps ascent ($0^{\circ}$, $3^{\circ}$, and $6^{\circ}$). For latissimus dorsi muscle, RT and peak value of muscle activation was were increased and offset time was delayed as the slope increased (p < 0.05). These results indicate that wheelchair cycle ramps ascent might cause excessive overuse of latissimus dorsi muscle.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations in gait parameters in terms of the type of arm sling used in hemiplegic patients. Ten patients with hemiplegia and ten healthy adults participated in this study and walked at self-selected speeds on a GAITRite-instrumented carpet. The activities of the opposite shoulder girdle muscle including the latissimus dorsi, anterior deltoid, and posterior deltoid were simultaneously recorded using surface EMG during gait. They were randomly assigned a condition: without an arm sling, a single strap arm sling, a Harris hemi arm sling, a Rolyan humeral cuff arm sling, and a Bobath roll arm sling. The following gait variables were analyzed: the temporo-spatial parameters of velocity, step length, stride length, swing phase, stance phase, single support, step time and toe in/toe out. The statistical analysis was one-way ANOVA with repeated measures to compare the variation of each variable. In comparison of parameters in each trial in the hemiplegia group, the non-affected side stride length, single support, and toe in/toe out resulted in statistically significantly changes (p<.05). But without an arm sling group did not show any gait parameter differences with arm slings. This study found that several arm slings varied gait patterns in patients with hemiplegia and in healthy adults. In the EMG analysis, the Rolyan humeral cuff arm sling and the Bobath roll arm sling were higher muscle activity for the latissimus dorsi muscle than did the single strap ann sling. Further study should examine the problems that appeared in patients who worn arm slings by focusing on a larger number of subjects and by studying the variety of responses in more detail using an assessment tool that measures variation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.137-153
• /
• 2009

Recently, young men have become more muscular as they become more interested in physical figure. However, most of these muscular men have fit problems regarding ready-made clothes. In view of this, this study aimed to develop a prototype jacket pattern for muscular men. For this study, five muscular men were selected to put on existing jacket pattern for wearing tests. The regression formula, in which muscular men body measures were adopted, was applied to unsuitable parts, especially the areas determined not to be appropriate in the evaluation of existing jacket pattern wearing tests. After the first and the second jacket pattern wearing tests, the final jacket pattern suitable for muscular men was developed. The results of the study were as follows: In order to make up for the problem of the loosening of the lapel area, due to the development of the chest muscle, the chest circumference line on the chest area of the pattern was cut to be 1.0cm wide; thus, the front length was modified with an increase. The wearing tests found that a wearers felt discomfort from the tight armhole area, so the armhole depth was set to be a little lower than that of ready-made clothes. A muscular men needs much more extra quantity in this area because the upper part of the back side is projected due to the greater development of the trapezius muscle and the deltoid than in average men. Hence, concerning the standard line for the length of the back interscye, ease of 1.0cm was added to the regression equation formula {(0.371${\times}$chest circumference+3.145)/2} in order to resolve the discomfort with the back area. Also, for the biacromion length, the upper arm protruded more than the shoulder point of the jacket because of the development of the deltoid and the upper arm muscle, and it was set to be wider than the actual shoulder. In order to solve the problem of discomfort from the narrow neck area during the wearing of a jacket owing to the development of the trapezius muscle, extra ease of 0.5cm was added to chest circumference/12-0.5cm in the existing jacket prototype to the width of back of the neck, and it was corrected to be chest circumference/12.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.749-754
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the right shoulder's muscle activity when lifting ipsilateral and contralateral legs during the Push Up Plus (PUP) exercise, which is a typical shoulder stabilizing exercise, and to provide effective data for a shoulder stabilization exercise. Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid posterior, serratus anterior and pectoralis major, which are eight main muscles of a shoulder, were analyzed for the left and right leg lifting by using an electromyogram (EMG). The study revealed that the muscle activities of the right shoulder's upper trapezius, levator scapula, supraspinatus, serratus anterior and pectoralis major were higher when lifting an ipsilateral (right side) leg, compared to lifting a contralateral (left side) leg. Therefore, lifting an ipsilateral leg can be an effective method for enhancing the maneuverability (mobility) of the right shoulder when lifting a single leg.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify the anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) mechanism which is represented by the onset time of trunk muscles and the displacement of the center of pressure (COP) according to the different base of support (BOS) during upper extremity movement. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (14 males, 16 females) participated in this study. The movement was performed for 10 trials during each of various BOS (shoulder - width double leg stance, narrow base double leg stance, tandem stance, non-dominant single leg stance) at the 1.2 Hz frequency. Electromyography was used to measure muscle onset time and biorescue was used to measure characteristics of the displacement of COP. Surface bipolar electrodes were applied over the right deltoid anterior, right latissimus dorsi, both rectus abdominis, both internal oblique and both erector spinae. The data were analyzed by repeated one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test. Results: The study has revealed following. There were significant differences with muscle onset time in each BOS (p<0.01). There were significant differences in characteristics of the COP in each BOS (p<0.01). Conclusion: The study found that the more narrowed the basis requires the more rapid anticipatory postural control in contralateral postural muscle when the upper extremity movement is performed.