• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2021

Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) produces NADPH, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress. Ureteral obstruction induces kidney inflammation and fibrosis via oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of IDH2 in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney inflammation using IDH2 gene deleted mice (IDH2-/-). Eight- to 10-week-old female IDH2-/- mice and wild type (IDH2+/+) littermates were subjected to UUO and kidneys were harvested 5 days after UUO. IDH2 was not detected in the kidneys of IDH2-/- mice, while UUO decreased IDH2 in IDH2+/+ mice. UUO increased the expressions of markers of oxidative stress in both IDH2+/+ and IDH2-/- mice, and these changes were greater in IDH2-/- mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages of IDH2-/- mice showed a more migrating phenotype with greater ruffle formation and Rac1 distribution than that of IDH2+/+ mice. Correspondently, UUO-induced infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was greater in IDH2-/- mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IDH2 plays a protective role against UUO-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2021

지혜콘텐츠는 여러 사람들의 경험과 아이디어로 창작되고 지역 제한이 없는 인터넷 기반 소셜 플랫폼에서 소비된다. 기존의 저작권 등록 시스템은 전문 제작자를 대상으로 하고 있으며 그 효력은 해당 국가에 종속된다. 블록체인은 서비스에 종속적이고 P2P 네트워크를 구성하는 노드들의 합의에 의해서 수정 및 삭제할 수 없는 데이터가 저장된다. 본 논문에서는 소셜 플랫폼에서 사용되는 지혜콘텐츠의 공동저작권 보호에 적합한 블록체인 기반의 부인봉쇄 다중서명 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 공동저작자들의 공통키 생성, 다중서명 생성 및 검증 프로토콜로 구성된다. 부인봉쇄 서명은 서명자의 도움 없이는 서명을 검증할 수 없는 기법이다. 제안한 기법은 콘텐츠 구매 프로토콜에 적용되어 자동화된 수익분배를 가능하게 한다. 블록체인 기반 다중서명 검증을 통해서 모든 공동저작자들은 수익분배의 공정성을 부인할 수 없다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2022

Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that invade, survive and proliferate in numerous phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell types, thereby leading to human and animal brucellosis. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are major immunogenic and protective antigens that are implicated in Brucella virulence. A strain deleted of the omp16 gene has not been obtained which suggests that the Omp16 protein is vital for Brucella survival. Nevertheless, we previously constructed an omp16 conditional deletion strain of Brucella, ∆Omp16. Here, the virulence and immune response elicted by this strain were assessed in a mouse model of infection. Splenomegaly was significantly reduced at two weeks post-infection in ∆Omp16-infected mice compared to infection with the parental strain. The bacterial load in the spleen also was significantly decreased at this post-infection time point in ∆Omp16-infected mice. Histopathological changes in the spleen were observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and microscopic examination which showed that infection with the ∆Omp16 strain alleviated spleen histopathological alterations compared to mice infected with the parental strain. Moreover, the levels of humoral and cellular immunity were similar in both ∆Omp16-infected mice and parental strain-infected mice. The results overall show that the virulence of ∆Omp16 is attenuated markedly, but that the immune responses mediated by the deletion and parental strains in mice are indistinguishable. The data provide important insights that illuminate the pathogenic strategies adopted by Brucella.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: In 2020, the franchise industry accomplished a significant growth compared to the previous year, as the number of franchise companies increased by 9.0% while the number of franchise brands increased by 12.5%. Despite growth in size, the Korean franchise industry underwent many negative incidents, such as franchise ownership sales to private equity funds, that led to deterioration of businesses. From this point of view, this study aims to make various proposals to help policy makers develop franchise industry policies by analyzing trends of the current and previous presidential administrations' franchise policies and regulations using newspaper articles. Research design, data and methodology: A total of 7,439 articles registered in Naver API from February 25, 2013 to November 29, 2021 were extracted. Among them, 34 unrelated video articles were deleted, and a total of 7,405 articles from both administrations were used for analysis. The R package was used for word frequency analysis, word clouding, word correlation analysis, and LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic modeling. Results: The keyword frequency analysis shows that the most frequently mentioned keywords during the previous administration include 'no-brand', 'major company', 'bill', 'business field', and 'SMEs', and those mentioned during the current administration include 'industry' and 'policy'. As a result of LDA topic modeling, 9 topics such as 'global startups' and 'job creation' from the previous administration, and 10 topics such as 'franchise business' and 'distribution industry' from the current administration were derived. The results of LDAvis showed that the previous administration operated a policy based on mutual growth of large and small businesses rather than hostile regulations in the franchise business, whereas the current administration extended the regulation related to franchise business to the employment sector. Conclusions: The analysis of past two administrations' franchise policy, it can be suggested that franchisors and franchisees may complement each other in developing the Fair Transactions in Franchise Business Act and achieving balanced growth. Moreover, political support is needed for sound development of franchisors. Limitations and future research suggestions are presented at the end of this study.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2022

연구 목적: 가임 여성의 조기진통에 대한 예방적 자가관리 지식(PSMK-PL) 측정도구를 개발하는 것이다. 연구 방법: 연구절차는 1단계 개념 정의(문헌 고찰, 질적 면담), 2단계 문항개발(문항작성, 전문가 내용타당도, 가임 여성의 인지적 면담), 3단계 내용타당도와 신뢰도 검정(250명의 온라인 설문조사 자료 분석)이었다. 문항반응이론을 적용한 내용타당도는 2-모수 로지스틱 모형을 사용하였다. 내적일관성 신뢰도는 Cronbach's α (95% CI)를 확인하였다. 연구 결과: 전문가 내용타당도 검정과 인지적 인터뷰를 통해 수정한 예비 문항 30개 중 적합도, 양류상관계수, 중요도를 고려해 6개를 삭제하였다. 최종 24문항, 하부 범주는 조기진통의 위험요인(10개), 예방적 관리(8개), 조기진통의 증상과 증상관리(6개)였다. 최종 문항 난이도(-2.18~0.90), 변별도(0.80~2.90), 내적합도(0.78~1.14), 양류상관계수(0.42~0.68)는 모두 수용할 만한 수준이었다. Cronbach's α (95% CI)는 .89(.87~.91)였다. 결론: PSMK-PL 측정도구는 가임 여성의 조기진통에 대한 예방적 자가관리지식을 측정할 수 있는 검정된 척도이다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2022

This study is conducted with the aim of identify the factors constituting learning competencies for engineering college students, and developing and validating the scale to measure them. To this end, literature and prior research were reviewed and focus group interview was conducted with high-achieving learners of K University in the capital region of Korea. According to previous research, 3 learning competency groups, 12 learning competencies and 41 sub-competencies were derived. Delphi survey was carried out twice, 28 sub-competencies were derived among the 41 sub-competencies through this process. 166 initial items were developed through literature review and FGI. Then, 130 items were confirmed by verifying content validity in the second Delphi survey. Based on this, pilot test were performed with 110 students in K university, and an interview was conducted with 50 students who participated in the pilot test. Reflecting the pilot test results, 1 sub-competency and 22 items were deleted. After the confirmed pilot test results, the main test were performed with all current students in K University. According to the main test result, the validity of the scale and the model fit was verified for the response data of 823 students, and the scale consisting of a total of 105 items was confirmed. The final learning competencies scale included three competency groups and 10 learning competencies. The scale developed in this study can be used as an independent scale for each competency group as needed. It is expected that this scale can be contributed to support the development their learning competencies for academic success of engineering college students, who are future learners.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in the importance of oral pathology learning objectives for instructors and clinical dental hygienists and provide basic data that can guide learning objectives for acquiring practically necessary basic knowledge in the clinical field. Methods: Through the first-stage expert meeting, 27 items with less than four points out of 129 learning objectives in 15 detailed areas were deleted, 12 additional opinions were reflected, 114 learning objectives were set, and a survey was conducted with 253 people. Results: There were statistically significant differences in 92 items after examining the difference between professors and clinical dental hygienists. Among the areas of inflammation and repair, "Can explain the five symptoms of inflammation" had the highest with a score at 4.76 in the case of the professors. Among the areas of tooth damage, "Can explain abrasion" had the highest with a score at 4.61 in the case of the clinical dental hygienists. Conclusion: I would like to propose the existing 15 detail areas and 129 learning objectives as 14 detail areas and 98 learning objectives and strengthen the job competency of dental hygienists in the future. First, you need to develop competencies that are highly relevant to your work. Second, it is necessary to develop related textbooks and educational materials based on revised learning objectives and competencies. Third, based on revised learning objectives, the dental hygienist national examination should be improved. Through these changes in education, the education of oral and maxillofacial disease subjects should strengthen job competencies among dental hygienists with learning objectives that can be applied to actual clinical practice based on basic knowledge rather than knowledge orientation. In addition, it is possible to improve the quality of dental hygiene studies.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on the factors of conflict due to the intrinsic structure, such as interdependence or hierarchical relationship, and behavioral analysis to reduce the conflict. In this study, we analyze the relationship between satisfaction and trust formed in the process and result of the business, and the result of action to dissolution intention. Research design, data, methodology - For these purposes, the author developed the proposed model and several hypotheses. In this model, conflict resolution strategies consist of five dimensions such as avoiding, forcing, cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategy. And, this model proposed that onflict resolution strategies are antecedents of procedure quality, behaviour quality and dissolution intention are consequences of conflict resolution strategies. The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 483 franchisees, and 400 franchisees responded. Out of 400 respondents, 2 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 398 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The findings can be summarized as follows: First, franchisor conflict resolution activities have significant effects on procedure quality. Second, procedure quality has a significant effect on behavior quality. Finally, behavior quality has a significant effect on dissolution intention. Conclusions - In this study, we investigated the relationship between conflict resolution behavior, procedural quality, behavior quality and dissolution intention. As a result, the franchisers should strive to resolve conflicts not only in solving simple problems with franchisees, but also in a longer term perspective. We also found that the procedural aspects of resolving conflicts should not be ignored. If the trust and satisfaction of each other increase during the process of resolving the conflict, it will positively affect the satisfaction and trust in resolving the conflict. This is also because it serves to lower the intention of termination. However, there is a limitation that it is targeted only to the restaurant franchise, and it is necessary to study the conflict resolution behavior depending on the type of conflict.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Purpose - In recent years, research has been conducted on the conflict resolution strategies of the franchise headquarters and the franchisees, but there is a lack of research on how the power structure and cultural factors play a role in resolving conflicts. From this perspective, this study is to examine the structural relationship between franchisors' cultural orientation and relationship power, and conflict resolution strategies, relationship trust, and relationship performance using. The findings of this study suggest how franchise headquarters should establish long-term relationship with franchisees and share information. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected from April 1 to April 15, 2013. Because this study examined franchise industries from the franchisee perspective, we contacted franchisee store owner and managers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Interviewers trained contacted a total of 200 franchisees, and 196 franchisees responded. Out of 196 respondents, 13 respondents were deleted due to missing information. Thus, a total of 183 franchisee were used for this study. he data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 24.0 and Amos 23.0 statistical program. Results - The results showed that cooperation orientation and relational power of franchisor had significant effects on conflict resolution strategies. Cooperating, obliging, and compromising strategies of conflict resolution strategy had significant effects on relationship trust. Also, relationship trust had significant effect on relationship performance. Conclusions - This study shows that the franchise headquarters and the franchisees share necessary information for common purposes and that continuous two-way communications play an important role in resolving conflicts. In other words, the result of this study suggests that if the franchise headquarters and the franchisee actively consider the position of the other party and strive to achieve the goal, conflict resolution may be more successful. In order to do this, the franchise headquarters will have to consider how to build and maintain continuous communication with the franchisees, and continuous education is also needed so that employees can have a cooperative attitude. However, since the culture of these organizations is not made up of simple staff training and is not formed within a short time, the CEO of the franchisee headquarters should take the lead in establishing a cooperative culture with the merchants over the long term.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2006

경북 상주지역은 조선초기에 왕실에 소용되는 상품자기의 절반을 차지하였던 곳임에도 불구하고 타 지역에 비해 연구가 대단히 미비한 실정이었다. 이에 상주지역에 관련된 여러 사료들을 살펴보고 상주지역의 한국도자사적의 위치를 조명해 보고자 한다. 조선시대(朝鮮時代) 전기(前期)는 청자(靑磁), 분청사기(粉靑沙器), 백자(白磁), 상감백자(象嵌白磁), 청화자기(靑畵白磁)가 생산되었다. 세종의 명에 의하여 1424$\sim$1432년 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)가 편찬되었고 성종대(成宗代)에는 사옹원(司饔院)의 분원(分院)이 설치되는 등 많은 변화가 있었다. 더욱이 조선왕조로 교체되는 격변의 상황까지 겹쳐 강진의 요업(窯業)은 폐요되었고, 강진에서 종사하던 장인들은 보다 안전한 곳을 찾아 전국으로 흩어졌다. 이러한 지역의 하나가 상주의 중모현 기미외리와 추현리(湫縣里)(세종 당시의 지명, 현 모동면)이다. 또한 성리학(性理學)을 근간으로 하는 조선시대로 이행하는 과정에서 백자제작에 필요한 원료의 조건을 갖춘 곳의 한 곳이 경상북도 상주지역이었으므로 강진의 장인들이 이곳으로 이동했으리라 사료된다. $\ulcorner$태종실록$\lrcorner$(太宗實錄)에는 경상도 상주의 중모, 화령 등의 특정지역을 열거하면서 왕실소용기명 제작을 위해 중앙에서 감독관이 파견된 기록으로 보아 15세기 초의 상주의 자기 제작상황을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$태종실록$\lrcorner$(太宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\ulcorner$ (地理志)에는 추현리와 이미 외리를 언급하면서 상주의 자기제작의 위상을 짐작하는 기록이 언급되면서 전국의 상품의 절반을 담당하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 상주가 8곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기 중엽 경제적 태평과 함께 백자의 수요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백자의 확대와 발전에 걸림돌이 되었다. 둘째, 동기(銅器)의 대체품으로 자기를 만들어 충당해야할 강제성 당위성 상실로 인한 자기수요 감소를 초래하였을 것으로 사료된다. 셋째, 경기도 광주에서 백자관요가 운영되었으므로 지방인 상주지역에도 더 이상 백자를 조달받을 필요가 없이, 일반 지방관아와 서민들의 일상용기 생산으로 전락하여 소규모화 되었을 것이라고 사료된다.