• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.254-257
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• 2016

Background The postoperative speech outcomes of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) surgery are known to be poorer than those of other types of cleft palate. We attempted to objectively characterize the postoperative complications and speech outcomes of the surgical treatment of SMCP through a comparison with the outcomes of incomplete cleft palate (ICP). Methods This study included 53 SMCP patients and 285 ICP patients who underwent surgical repair from 1998 to 2015. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was $3.9{\pm}1.9years$ for the SMCP patients and $1.3{\pm}0.9years$ for the ICP patients. A retrospective analysis was performed of the complications, the frequency of subsequent surgical correction for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), and speech outcomes. Results In both the SMCP and ICP patients, no cases of respiratory difficulty, bleeding, or wound disruption were noted. Delayed wound healing and fistula occurred in 18.9% and 5.7% of the SMCP patients and in 14% and 3.2% of the ICP patients, respectively. However, no statistically significant difference in either delayed wound healing or fistula occurrence was observed between the two groups. The rate of surgical correction for VPD in the SMCP group was higher than in the ICP group. In the subset of 26 SMCP patients and 62 ICP patients who underwent speech evaluation, the median speech score value was 58.8 in the SMCP group and 66 in the ICP group, which was a statistically significant difference. Conclusions SMCP and ICP were found to have similar complication rates, but SMCP had significantly worse speech outcomes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Patients with diabetes mellitus show delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to infection. Therefore, the effects of diabetes on pulpal and periodontal healing should be taken into consideration when treating diabetic dental traumatized patients. This case presents the treatment for dental traumatized 20 yr old female with uncontrolled type II diabetes. The traumatized upper central incisors had showed pulpal healing in early days. However, 7 mon after the trauma, the teeth had been diagnosed with pulp necrosis with apical abscess. Eventually, non surgical root canal treatment on the teeth had been performed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.775-778
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• 2010

Purpose: Reconstruction of soft tissue defects with osteomyelitis in the lower third of the leg represents a challenge to plastic surgeons. Moreover, it is more arduous in multimorbid patients. One excellent option for reconstruction of these defects is to use a delayed distally based sural flap. Methods: We successfully used delayed distally based sural flap with a two-step procedure. During the first operation, radical debridement and elevation of flap were performed. The raised flap was fixed again at the donor site. The delay period ranged from seven to ten days. Between August 2008 and July 2009, we underwent operations for five patients using this technique. The size of flap varied from $10{\times}6\;cm$ to $12{\times}14\;cm$. Results: All flaps successfully survived. Partial skin loss of the grafted site was seen in two patients but no further surgical procedure was required for wound healing. Complaints of hypoesthesia on the lateral part of the foot was observed. In a three month follow-up period, hypoesthesia was resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: Delayed procedure improves the viability of distally based sural flap in high risk, critically multimorbid patients. We recommend that, if a two-stage operative approach is required, the delayed procedure should be considered.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2003

Purpose: To observe the histologic pattern of healing in molar tooth extraction sockets of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats following irradiation. Materials and Methods: Mature Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic-irradiated groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injecting streptozotocin. Control rats were injected with a citrate buffer only. After 5 days, the right maxillary first molar was extracted under general anesthesia from each of the rats. After the extraction, rats in the diabetic-irradiated group were irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 10 Gy to the head and neck region. The rats were killed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Results: In the diabetic and diabetic-irradiated groups, the early healing process of the socket extraction was similar to the control group, but bone formation was delayed at 7 days after the treatment. In the diabetic-irradiated group, alveolar bone surrounding the extraction socket showed signs of necrosis at 3 days after treatment, and hemorrhage was observed in connective tissue within the extraction socket at 14 days after treatment. Conclusion: This experiment revealed that the healing process of the extraction socket was severely delayed and retarded by irradiation in the diabetic state.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

The purpose of this study w8s to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic energy(Diapulse) and microcurrent on the wound healing in rabbits. 15 domestic rabbits were randomly assigned to the PRME(n=5). MC(n=5) and CON(n=91 group. Each rabbits were anesthetized with lidocaine HCL $2\%$. Skin wounds were created laterally on the back of IS domestic rabbits(33cm). From 24 hours after being injured, the rabbits of the PEME group were irradiated with an intensity of 3 at a 300 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The MC group were stimulated with an intensity of $50{\mu}A$ at frequency of40 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The CON group were not stimulated. The rabbits were sacrificed and the incised wound pans were processed appropriately for the light microscopic examination on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day before the beginning of wound treatment. The areas of wound were measured with metric graph paper. The results were as tallows. 1 The PRME and MC group compared with control group showed that wound closure rate increased on 6th, 12th day. 2. It was found that the CON group did not show a complete maturation and had a chronic inflammatory response. Judging from the irregularity of intercellular space and the loose alignment of connective tissue. these findings showed that wound healing was delayed. 3. It showed that inflammatory cells. fibroblasts and epithelial cells activity rapidly processed in the PEME group compared with the CON group. It was found that the PEMI; group showed a advanced remodeling of epithelial layer and a positive repair of connective tissue. 4. It showed that fibroblasts, epithelial cells and inflammatory cells activity rapidly processed in the MC group compared with the CON group. It was found that the MC group showed a improved remodeling of epithelial layer and a dense connective tissue.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 2022

Prior abdominal liposuction can be viewed as a relative or absolute contraindication to abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction given concerns for damaged perforators and scarring complicating intraoperative dissection. This systematic review aims to explore the outcomes of abdominally based breast reconstruction in patients with a history of abdominal liposuction. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-guided literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from the earliest available date through June 2020. Deep inferior epigastric perforator, muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM), superficial inferior epigastric artery, and pedicled TRAM flaps were included for evaluation. Complications included total or partial flap loss, fat necrosis, seroma, delayed wound healing, and donor site complications. After inclusion criteria were applied, 336 non-duplicate articles were screened, yielding 11 for final review, representing 55 flaps in 43 patients. There was no instance of total flap loss, eight (14.5%) flaps developed partial loss or fat necrosis, three (5.4%) flaps had delayed wound healing, and two (4.6%) patients had donor site complications. Most authors (8/11) utilized some type of preoperative imaging. Doppler ultrasonography was the most used modality, and these patients had the lowest rate of partial flap loss or flap fat necrosis (8%), followed by those without any preoperative imaging (10%). In conclusion, this review supports that patients undergoing abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction with a history of abdominal liposuction are not at an increased risk of flap or donor site complications. Although preoperative imaging was common, it did not reliably decrease complications. Further prospective studies are needed to address the role of imaging in improving outcomes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to find the effect of radiation therapy on the healing ability of surgical wounds and on this basis, to find the proper time interval between the radiation therapy and surgery. Two hundred and fifty-two mice were used and a single dose of 2000 cGy was given in each instances to the hind limb of mice. Incisional wounds were produced after varying intervals in the previously irradiated areas and then they were followed up at regular intervals by the measurement of tensile strength. The wounds which received surgery immediately, 1 or 2 weeks after irradiation revealed marked delay and the wounds which received surgery 12, 16 or 20 weeks after irradiation demonstrated slight delay in wound healing in terms of tensile strength measurement. But the wounds which received irradiation 4 or 8 weeks before surgery did not differ much in the wound healing process from that of the control group. Histopathologic studies of the wounds demonstrated epithelization in most instances as quickly as in the control wounds. The appearance of fibroblasts and collagen fibers has delayed momently and appeared to have close correlation with the tensile strength healing curves.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.123-140
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of osteoporosis on fracture wound healing in the calcium deficient rat. To research the experiment some ten-week old Wistar strain rats with approximately 300 gms weight were selected. Then, the rats were divided into two groups: Normal diet group(rats given a normal diet before and after bone fracture) and Low calcium diet group(rats given a low calcium diet before and after bone fracture). Both groups had been provided with each diet for three weeks. When the rats became thirteen weeks old, the mandibular angle of rats in both groups was artificially fractured for test. The healing of fracture wounds was reviewed by using soft x-ray radiography and /sup 99m/Tc-MDP bone scan and also histopathologic examination. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The radiolucency of the fracture site for the Normal diet group started to decrease from the 14th day since the experiment was made, while the Low calcium diet group began decrease in the radiolucency from the 21st day of the experiment. The radiolucency for the Normal diet group disappeared at the 42nd day, but one for the Low calcium diet group disappeared at the 56th day of the experiment. 2. The highest uptake rate of /sup 99m/Tc-MDP stood at the 14th day of the experiment in the Normal diet group and the Low calcium diet group's maximum rate was recorded at the 21st day of the experiment. These both groups were gradually experiencing decrease in the uptake rate as the experiment time was going on. However, the uptake rate in the Low calcium diet group was lower than one in the Normal diet group. 3. For the Normal diet group, the newly formed trabeculae, which were similar to one of the surroundung bone, were seen at the 42nd day of the experiment. On the other hand, the Low calcium diet group showed at the 56th day of the experiment that the osteoporotic findings looked weak, irregular trabeculae, and also large bone marrow space were observed clearly. As a result of the above experiment, it is said that the healing of the fracture can be completed for both groups, the Normal diet group and the Low calcium diet group. However, the amount of the newly formed bone wound in the Low calcium diet group is rather decreased compared to one in the Normal diet group and at the same time the healing of the fracture is delayed in the Low calcium diet group. Consequently, for the successful healing of fracture in osteoporosis, it is considered that the management of the etiologic factors of osteoporosis must be preceded. The more study of calcium metabolism and functions of osteoblast and osteoclast needs to proceed on.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Objectives: Full thickness skin grafts (FTSG) offer several advantages; they are esthetically superb, have less postoperative shrinkage, and offer minimal postoperative pain and scar formation at the donor site. As a donor site of FTSG, the groin offers a relatively large area of skin with high elasticity. The aim of this study was to evaluate FTSG from the groin for reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, 50 patients (27 males, 23 females) who received FTSG from the groin were evaluated for their operation records, clinical photography, and medical records. Results: The width of skin from the groin was distributed from 2-8 cm (mean: 5.1 cm) at the donor site, while the long axis length was distributed from 3-13 cm (mean: 7.4 cm). A high number of patients, 47 patients (94%) out of 50, showed good healing at the donor site. Wound impairment was seen in 3 patients (6%), minor wound dehiscence in 2 patients, and severe wound dehiscence in 1 patient. In the recipient site, delayed healing was observed in 2 patients (4%). Conclusion: FTSG from the groin to repair soft tissue defects in reconstruction surgery is a good method due to the relatively big size of the graft, decreasing morbidity at the donor site, and higher graft survival rates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.299-301
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• 2010

An acellular human dermal matrix (ADM) was applied to wounds from dogs with significant dead space and delayed healing. This treatment is typically effective for the treatment of wounds with subcutaneous dead space and injuries between muscular planes. The size of the dead space defect and the amount of wound discharge decreased rapidly with ADM treatment in the present study. The average time to disappearance of the dead space defect was 10 days. In addition, complications including severe inflammation were not seen in this case report.