• Journal of Family Relations
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.131-153
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of adult children's marriage-delay on their parents' mental health. Furthermore, this study investigated how the influence of adult children's marriage-delay on parents' mental health could vary depending on the coresidence and employment status of the marriage-delayed adult children. Method: Two waves of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) were used for the analyses. Multiple regression models were conducted with 2,938 Korean parents who had at least one child, regardless of gender (aged 33~44). Results: First, adult children's marriage-delay was related to lower levels of parents' life satisfaction. Second, the levels of parents' life satisfaction were low regardless of residing with their marriage-delayed adult children, and the parents who were not living with their marriage-delayed adult children showed lower levels of life satisfaction than parents living with marriage-delayed adult children. Third, only the parents with unemployed marriage-delayed adult children showed significantly higher levels of depression. However, the levels of parents' life satisfaction were low regardless of the employment of marriage-delayed adult children, and the parents of unemployed marriage-delayed adult children showed lower levels of life satisfaction than the parents of employed marriage-delayed adult children. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider the effects of marriage, employment and coresidence of adult children on their parents in order to enhance the mental health of the parents. Also, the effects of marriage-delay on intimate relationships, such as family dynamics, need to be explored more in further research.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2012

The current study examined 3- and 4-year-olds' affective decision-making in a variety of cultural contexts by comparing European Canadian children to Chinese Canadian, Hong Kong Chinese, and mainland Chinese children (N = 245). All children were tested with a delay of gratification task in which children chose between an immediate reward of lower value and a delayed reward of higher value. Results showed that Chinese Canadian and Hong Kong Chinese children chose more delayed rewards than European Canadian children, with mainland Chinese children showing a trend toward more delayed rewards. Across cultures, 4-year-olds chose more delayed rewards than 3-year-olds; and among 4-year-olds, girls made more such choices than boys. The findings are consistent with previous findings that exposure to Chinese culture is associated with better cool executive function, but they also highlight the importance of examining development across diverse cultural contexts.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.59 no.9
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the risk factors of a delayed diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children undergoing an appendectomy. Methods: This retrospective study involved children aged below 18 years, who underwent an appendectomy. After dividing them into a delayed diagnosis group and nondelayed diagnosis group according to the time interval between the initial hospital visit and final diagnosis, the risk factors of delayed diagnosis were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 712 patients, 105 patients (14.7%) were classified in the delayed diagnosis group; 92 patients (12.9%) were diagnosed using ultrasonography (US), and both US and computed tomography were performed in 38 patients (5.3%). More patients in the delayed diagnosis group underwent US (P=0.03). Spring season and prior local clinic visit were significantly associated with a delayed diagnosis. Fever and diarrhea were more common in the delayed diagnosis group (fever: odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.81; diarrhea: OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.08-3.46; P<0.05). These patients showed symptoms for a longer duration (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.78-3.78; P<0.05), and the admission course (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.44; P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.19-1.82; P<0.05) were associated with the delayed diagnosis. Conclusion: To decrease the rate of delayed diagnoses of acute appendicitis, symptoms such as fever and diarrhea, seasonal variations, admission course, and CRP levels should be considered and children with a longer duration of symptoms should be closely monitored.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.465-475
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the association between birth patterns (defined in terms of birth order and interval) with delayed breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. The weighted number of respondents was 5693 women aged 15-49 years whose youngest living child was less than 2 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations between birth patterns and delayed breastfeeding initiation after adjusting for other covariates. Results: This study found that 40.2% of newborns in Indonesia did not receive timely breastfeeding initiation. Birth patterns were significantly associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation. Firstborn children had 77% higher odds of experiencing delayed breastfeeding initiation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 3.04; p<0.05) than children with a birth order of 4 or higher and a birth interval ≤ 2 years after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions: Firstborn children had higher odds of experiencing delayed breastfeeding initiation. Steps to provide a robust support system for mothers, especially first-time mothers, such as sufficient access to breastfeeding information, support from family and healthcare providers, and national policy enforcement, will be effective strategies to ensure better practices regarding breastfeeding initiation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.180-189
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to find out the effect of herbal medicine on sleep disorder in developmental delayed children. Methods: 2 patients were treated by herbal medicine. For the progress evaluation, we used The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Results: The clinical symptoms were improved after the treatment. Conclusion: This study reports that the herbal medicine improved sleep disorder in developmental delayed children, but further studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness of the treatment.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Immunization is one of the simplest and most effective approaches for protecting the health of children from preventable infectious disease. This study assessed the immunization statuses of children presenting to childcare centers in Korea and compared the sociodemographic factors of children with age-appropriate immunization for DTaP4 with those with delayed immunization for DTaP4. Method: A national mail survey was used to collect data on the children's immunization history and sociodemographic information. A total of 248 mothers returned completed questionnaires for their children. Results: The overall immunization coverage for HepB, a series of DTaP and polio and varicella was above 95%. However, the percentage of age-appropriate immunizations of vaccines ranged from 45.3% to 69.0% depending on the vaccines. Only the age of the child was a significant factor for delayed immunization for DTaP4. Conclusion: To fully protect children from vaccine-preventable disease, childcare providers can playa role in monitoring the immunization statuses of children in their care centers to ensure that they all receive all childhood immunizations on time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.389-400
• /
• 1997

This study examined the effects of group social support on the reduction of burden and increase in well-being of mothers of developmentally delayed children. The research used a one group pre-pose experimental design. The independent variable in the experiment was group social support. Two series of 4-weekly meetings for group social support were conducted by the researcher with the intention of developing a self-help group. The dependent variables were burden and well-being. Well-being was operationalized as physical symptoms and quality of life. Thirty mothers of developmentally delayed infants from the rehabilitation center of a medical center participated in the study. Data were collected by interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the subjects was 29.9 years. Changes of the dependent variables between pre and post tests were compared using the t-test. Even though there was a slight improvement in the scores for the dependent variables, they were not statistically significant. The items, "I resent my baby". "I feel angry about my interactions with my baby", "I feel guilty in my relationship with my baby" showed a significant decrease in burden score and were statistically significant. Symptoms of loneliness, constipation, anxiety, restlessness were less and feeling of happiness was greater after participation in the group social support, than on the pretest. The mothers showed emotional instability and frustrations during the group sessions but their reactions in general were positive. Emotional support, stress management and information provided were identified as the most valuable content of the sessions. However, participation was not active due to the mother's denial, delayed acceptance and /or avoidance of their infants' problems. It can be seen that group social support for the mothers with developmentally delayed children should be provided after infancy when the mothers have time to accept their children's conditions and are ready to receive support. The use of comprehensive instruments which measure burden in both families and mothers needs to be developed for future research.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2010

Objectives Taking detailed patient history helps earlier diagnosis and treatment of developmental disability. In this study we analyzed the clinical questionnaire to find out the clinical characteristics of those with five-retardation, five-limpness, or five-stiffness. Methods The data was collected from 484 children under the age of six who have visited H oriental medicine clinic for developmental delay. The clinical questionnaire was filled out by their parents and the data was analyzed statistically. Results 436 children showed symptoms of five-retardation, 90 children suffered from five-stiffness, 54 children showed five-limpness and 7 children suffered from five-stiffness and five-limpness complex. Generally, boys had higher chance to show disease symptoms than the girls (2.32:1) and 40 children (8.26%) reported family history of developmental disability. Cerebral palsy ranks the most common familial disease, followed by developmental delay, mental retardation, autistic disorder and language disorder. Among the children we have studied, 285 children (63.19%) showed delayed unassisted walk while 192 children (42.57%) had language disorder. Also, 138 children (28.51%) had both walk and language disorders. The children in this study also showed delayed toilet training and half of them had little stranger anxiety when they were infants. It was also found that 120 children (24.79%) experienced epilepsy. This study reaffirmed that low birth weight, premature birth, and suffocation are major risks causing neurological damage. Conclusions They had history which including family history, problems at birth, epilepsy, face recognition, muscle tone disorder, delayed walking without assistance, language ability, and toilet training.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension and production of various tense markings in Korean-speaking children with and without language delay. Thirty children with language delay(LD) and 30 typically developing(TD) children participated in the study. In each group, half were at the age of 4-years and the other half at 7-years. In both the comprehension and production task, 28 verbs containing four types of tense markings were used: past tense '-et ta', two present progressives '-ko itta', '-enta', and future tense '-elyeko hanta'. In the comprehension task, the children were presented with three printed still-scenes of video recording of a verb action, each representing future, present progressive, and past tense of the verb, respectively. Then they listened to the action verb with one of the 4 tense markings and had to pick the scene that matched the verb tense. In the production task, the children were given one of the three scenes and asked to produce the verb with appropriate tense marking. In both tasks, the LD children performed significantly worse than the TD children, and the older children performed significantly better than the younger children. Interestingly, the pattern of performances across different types of tense markings at the two language-age levels were closely similar in LD children and TD children. This similarity of groups seemed stronger in the comprehension task than the production task.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.73-94
• /
• 2004

The study examined the effects of an intervention program for improving mother-child interaction behaviors of mothers with developmentally delayed young children. The program consisted of three main activities, lectures for good parenting, video-feedback of mother-child interactions, and consultation for problem behaviors of children. The subjects were 4 mothers of 5-6 years old children with developmental delays who were referred to a social competence program of a child counseling center. The mothers were identified to have problematic mother-child interaction behaviors through clinical interviews. The program ran for 16 sessions, one parent group leader implemented each session for 90-120 minutes once a week. The videotaped data of mother-child interactions for 10 minutes every 4 sessions were estimated by Maternal Behavior Rating Scale(MBRS) and qualitatively analyzed by transcription of communications between mothers and their children. It concluded that the intervention program enhanced mother-child interaction behaviors.