• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2013

Background: To suggest the need of more aggressive reduction techniques than closed reduction (CR) technique in nasal fracture treatment, we identified the usefulness of algorithm oriented treatment of nasal fracture that includes indirect open reduction (IOR) and external fixation (EF) as well as the CR. Methods: We compared the clinical course of the group A (n=128) where only the CR was performed regardless of the pattern of the nasal fracture and the group B (n=127) where algorithm oriented treatment including IOR and EF as well as CR was performed depending on the pattern of nasal fracture. And the degree of postoperative pain after CR and IOR technique was compared through the dose of analgesics and pain scores. Results: More than 80% of patients were satisfied the result of reduction in both group A and B. Good contour of nasal bone after reduction was showed 71% of group A and 81% of group B without significant difference. Minor (p>0.05) and major (p<0.05) deformity after reduction were less occurred in the group B than group A. Postoperatively, the dose of analgesics was significantly lower after IOR technique than CR technique (53 mg vs. 142 mg) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Algorithm oriented treatment of nasal fracture including IOR and EF as well as CR reduce major deformity after reduction than treatment of CR alone. It is useful to perform the more aggressive reduction techniques such as IOR and EF according to the pattern of fracture in treatment of nasal fracture.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.473-478
• /
• 2008

망간황화물이 NO의 선택적 촉매 환원에 미치는 영향을 반응성 및 속도론적평가와 TPR(Temperature Programmed Reduction), TGA분석을 통하여 고찰하였다. 망간산화물은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 우수한 질소산화물 전환을 보였으나, 망간황화물의 경우 황화정도에 따라 질소산화물 전환은 고온으로 전이하였다. 또한 질소산화물 전환율도 황화정도에 따라 감소하였다. TPR 실험결과 망간산화물들은 $160^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도에서 환원이 시작되었으나 망간황화물은 $280^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 환원이 시작되었다. TPR 실험을 통한 환원 시작온도는 촉매의SCR 시작 온도와 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 망간황화물의 활성화에너지는 다른 촉매에 비해 낮게 나타났으나 pre-exponential 상수 크기가 다른 촉매에 비해 1/1000배 만큼 작아 NO에 대한 활성이 낮게 나타났다. 천연망간광석은 함유된 다양한 금속산화물의 영향으로 순수한 망간산화물보다 낮은 온도에서 재생되었다.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.13-29
• /
• 1986

This study was carried out to calculate working life expectancy and its potential gains according to the degree of reduction in the specific causes of death. It sought to ascertain what potential gains in labor force longevity might be reasonably achieved through efforts to reduce mortality from injuries and poisoning, diseases of circulatory system, neoplasms and the other causes of death. The data were drawn from the three sources such as "The 1982 Causes of Death Statistics," "Abridged Life Table for Korea 1978~'79" and "The 1982 annual Report of Economically Active Population" issued by Economic Planning Board. Analytical tools used in this study were the cause-deleted life table and the Wolfbein Wool's working life table method. Partial life expectancy was adopted as an index of this study, This application will be widely used as a good demographic tool for analyzing the dynamics of labor force and causes of death. Some of the findings are summerized as follows. 1. Partial life expectancies from initial age 15, 25, and 45 respectively to terminal age 65 are 44.86, 35.59 and 17.41 year in life expectancy itself, 37.08, 32.83 and 15.21 year in working life expectancy, 7.78, 2.76 and 2.20 years in inactive life years. 2. Potential gains in working expectancy from initial age 15, 25 and 45 to terminal age 65 by the complete elimination of the specific causes of death are 1.36, 0.94 and 0.27 years in injuries and poisoning, 0.88, 0.83 and 0.54 years in diseases of circulatory system, 0.56, 0.54 and 0.37 years in neoplasms, 1.13, 1.02 and 0.58 years in the other causes of death. The relationship between degree of reduction in causes of death and potential gains in working life years is in direct proportion. The prime orders of reduction effectiveness in age groups by the causes of death are injuries and poisoning in age 15-24, the other causes of death in age 25-49 and diseases of circulatory system in age 50 and over. 3. If it were possible to reduce 25%, 50% and 75% in mortality condition 1978~'79, the average length of working life would be 38.08, 39.13 and 40.17 years in age 15, and 33.68, 34.57 and 35.44 years in age 25, and 15.67, 16.14 and 16.63 years in age 45.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2015

Hunter's color value "a" in dried-persimmon of table and full ripe fruit was higher than that in unripe fruit. In case of soluble solid content, full ripe fruit was $50^{\circ}Brix$, the highest degree, while unripe fruit was $40^{\circ}Brix$, the lowest degree. PPO activation of unripe fruit was 4.7, which was higher than table-ripe fruit (0.7) and full ripe (1.0). Polyphenol oxidase activation remained even while drying, but there was no difference in PPO activation degree as drying period increased. Total phenol content of unripe fruit was 101.4, which was higher than table-ripe fruit (57.5) and full ripe fruit (67.4). Total phenol content level increased as drying period increased, which was based on fresh weight. Hardness of unripe and table ripe fruit continued to decrease until three weeks during softening. After that, hardness was high and it started drying. However, in full ripe fruit, hardness increased after two weeks and softening was fast during the drying period, and its weight reduction rate was lower than that of unripe and table ripe fruit.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제26권B호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2006

A probabilistic analysis model. one of reliability analysis methods introducing the concept of variables, was developed to investigate the uncertainty of dominant factors influencing the degree of consolidation in the radial consolidation theories. Based on the developed probabilistic analysis model, sensitivity study of those factors was performed to find their trends of affecting the degree of consolidation in the vertical drain method. Various radial consolidation theories, proposed by Barron(1948), Hansbo(1979), Yoshikuni(1979) and Onoue(1988), were used for this parametric study with the influencing factors such as size of smear zone, reduction ratio of permeability in the smear zone, discharge capacity, permeability for horizontal flow and coefficient of consolidation for horizontal flow. As results of this sensitivity study, for the given consolidation theory, contribution of each factor to the degree of consolidation was figure out and compared to each other. For the given value of each factor, the sensitivity to the degree of consolidation in the various theories was evaluated and their applicability and limitations were assessed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.139-140
• /
• 2019

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of resuscitation after the re-application of mortar with much FA replacement on the degree of resuscitation. Results When NaOH was applied to the top of the mortar where 90% of FA was replaced, and maintained for 24 hours, the degree of resuscitation at $40^{\circ}C$ was completely improved. However, when medium curing was carried out, it showed a higher degree of compression than water or lapping curing at 10 MPa in 28 days. The degree of resuscitation on the 28th day was revived from around 10% of the normal level to about 20~30%, and it was analyzed that it was difficult to achieve the OPC reduction by any method.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제10권10호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 이미 저탄소 녹색성장법이 발효된 상태에서 대구 경북 지역의 대기업과 중소기업 및 일반기업과 녹색기업이 이에 대응하여 그린 경영을 어떻게 추진하고 있는지를 조사했다. 이를 위해 그린경영에 대한 인지도 및 영향도를 조사 분석하여 그린경영에 대한 현 상황을 파악하였다. 그 결과 기업의 규모와 성격에 따라 여러 가지 측면에서 많은 차이를 보이고 있었다. 이것을 바탕으로 향후 그린 경영에 대한 인지도 향상과 이를 통해 새로운 사업기회를 창출하기 위해서는 기업차원에서는 무엇을 해야 하며 정부차원에서는 무엇을 해야 할 것인지에 대해서 방향을 제시하고자 했다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2001

Purpose: To investigate bone and disc configuration on MR images in internal derangement related to age. Materials and methods: MR images of 150 TMJs in 107 patients were analyzed to determine the morphologic changes. Two groups were distinguished to be correlated with age. Group I consisted of TMJs that were diagnosed as having anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR), and Group 2 consisted of TMJs that were diagnosed as having anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). We assessed the configuration of the articular disc, degree of anterior disc displacement, and osseous changes of TMJs. Results: The third decade (83 of 150 joints) was most frequent in this study. In the ADDwR group biconcave discs was most frequent at all ages except fifth decade, but in the ADDwoR group deformed discs was most frequent at third and forth decades. In the ADDwR group slightly displaced discs was most frequent at all ages, but in the ADDwoR group severely displaced discs was most frequent at second decade, and the degree of disc displacement was increased with aging over 30 years of age. TM joints showed osseous changes in 17% of the ADDwR group, and in 30% of the ADDwoR group. MR findings of osseous changes of the TMJ were not found to be significantly correlated with age. Conclusion: The prevalence of deformation of disc, displacement of disc, and osseous changes of TMJ was higher in the ADDwoR group than in the ADDwR group. MR findings of disc configuration and degree of disc displacement were found to be correlated with age.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.405-417
• /
• 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition that has been identified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. Various therapies have been proposed for its management as alternative to corticosteroids. However, no definitive treatment has been identified that can result in complete remission or minimal recurrence. Hyaluronic acid has recently been used as an alternative therapy for the management of OLP. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic OLP. Online electronic databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and April 2022. RCTs were identified that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid and other interventional therapies at baseline and during follow-up. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, degree of erythema, clinical severity, and disease severity were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Seven studies were analyzed. Five studies reported a high risk of bias while the remaining two studies reported an unclear risk of bias. The overall quantitative assessment of size, symptoms, degree of erythema, and sign score in OLP lesions treated with HA was not statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, subgroup analysis comparing HA with placebo or corticosteroids did not yield statistically significant (P > 0.05) results. Qualitatively, both HA and tacrolimus resulted in an effective reduction in signs and symptoms. Clinical/disease severity index/scores were inconsistent. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. None of the included studies reported the side effects of HA. These findings suggest that corticosteroids, tacrolimus, placebo, and HA could be equally effective in OLP management. The clinical/disease severity index or score reduction cannot be determined with certainty. Thus, OLP can be treated with HA as an alternative therapy. Owing to limited clinical trials on HA, high heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in the included studies, definitive conclusions cannot be derived.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.963-973
• /
• 2008

Clothing pressure is closely connected with the degree of comfort of an athlete's tight-fitting garments. Therefore, the construction of sports garments is very important to the wearer's athletic performance. In this study, the fundamental relationship between the reduction rates of stretch fabrics and clothing pressure was explored with the aim of improving clothing comfort and obtaining a systematic pattern reduction for women's tight-fitting bodysuits. A women's bodysuit pattern was obtained by the draping method using a dressform. The basic pattern was divided into four parts and changed into reduced pattems according to the amount of fabric stretch determined by ASTM D2594. Clothing pressure was measured using an air-pack-type pressure sensor (model AMI 3037-2) at 20 locations (shoulder, 9 locations; bust, 5; and armhole, 6). Among the 15 garments tested, the mean pressure of the A1 bodysuit was 4.60 $gf/cm^2$, and that of the C5 bodysuit was 22.98 $gf/cm^2$. The mean pressures of the bodysuits with reduction rates of 10% and 20% were below 10 $gf/cm^2$, while those of suits with reduction rates of 30%,40%, and 50% (except C5) were below 20 $gf/cm^2$. The pressure at the shoulder was 9.50$\sim$32.24 $gf/cm^2$, which was higher than that at the bust (3.34$\sim$24.56 $gf/cm^2$) and the armhole (0.95$\sim$12.15 $gf/cm^2$). The mean pressures of the 15 bodysuits were divided into five groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and were found to be significantly different (p<0.001). Regression analysis afforded the following expression: mean pressure ($gf/cm^2$) = 1.607 + 0.369[reduction rate (%)].