• 제목/요약/키워드: Degree of saturation

검색결과 377건 처리시간 0.029초

포화도에 따른 동결토의 탄성파 특성 변화 (Variation in Characteristics of Elastic Waves in Frozen Soils According to Degree of Saturation)

  • 박정희;강민구;이종섭
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.1063-1075
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    • 2013
  • 극한지 지반의 설계정수 산정을 위해 동결토의 강도 특성은 매우 중요한 요인이며 이를 파악하기 위해서는 동결토의 기본적인 특성을 파악하는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동결토의 구성 성분 및 물리적 구조를 반영하는 탄성파에 대한 기초적인 정보를 제공하기 위해 포화도에 따른 동결토의 탄성파 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 시료를 동결시키기 위해 동결 용 셀을 제작하였으며 포화도가 각각 10%, 40%, 100%인 시료를 조성하였다. 시료가 동결되는 동안 탄성파를 측정하기 위해 전단파 트랜스듀서로서 벤더엘리먼트를 사용하였으며, 압축파 트랜스듀서로서 피에조 디스크 엘리먼트를 사용하였다. 포화도가 다른 세 가지 시료의 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $-10^{\circ}C$까지 변하는 동안 압축파 및 전단파 신호를 측정하였으며, 이를 토대로 탄성파 속도, 공진주파수 및 진폭의 변화를 파악하였다. 또한 탄성파 속도를 이용해 포화도가 다른 동결토의 포아송 비를 분석하였다. 시료가 동결된 이후에 포화도가 큰 시료의 탄성파 속도가 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 탄성파 속도와 공진주파수의 변화는 매우 유사하게 나타났고 그 변화는 동시에 발생하였다. 압축파와 전단파의 진폭은 시료가 동결되는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 각기 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 동결토의 구조적 매커니즘에 대한 정보를 제공하는 탄성파 특성을 시료의 포화도에 따라 파악하고자 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

불포화토의 동전기정화 특성에 관한 실험적 연구 (The Characteristics of Electrokinetic Remediation for Unsaturated Soil)

  • 김병일;김익현;한상재;김수삼
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.641-646
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    • 2003
  • In this study, a series of electrokinetic(EK) remediation experiments are carried out under the different degree of saturation for contaminated soil with lead. for constant electrical potential, the final current of all the sample represents the similarity to steady-state value of 5∼7mA. Under conditions of all the degree of saturation the anode reservoir becomes acidic(pH as low as 3) while the cathode reservoir is basic(pH as high as 12). But pH changes in the sample is a little and decontamination efficiency is the low.

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접근로별 포화도를 고려한 Roundabout Signal Metering 운영방법에 관한 연구 (Roundabout Signal Metering Operation Methods by Considering Approach Lane's Degree of Saturation)

  • 안우영;이소영
    • 한국도로학회논문집
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.217-226
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    • 2013
  • PURPOSES : Under the capacity conditions with balanced approach flows, roundabouts give less delay than existing signalized intersections; however, flows over 450 vehicles/hour/lane with unbalanced approach flow conditions, roundabouts efficiency drops due to the short time difference between the critical gap and the follow-up headway. The purpose of this study is developing a roundabout Signal Metering operation method by considering approach lanes degree of saturation. METHODS : A four-way-approach with one-lane roundabout is selected to compare the Signal Metering performance for the case of 16 different unbalanced flow conditions. Based on these traffic conditions, the performance is evaluated for 64 different cases of Signal Metering combinations by using SIDRA software. A degree of saturation(V/C ratio) sum for two adjoined approaches is used for the performance index of choosing Metered Approach and Controlling Approach. RESULTS : When the V/C ratio sum is 0.29~0.81 and Metered Approach flow is less than Controlling Approach flow, the average delay saving per vehicle is about 7 seconds; however, after this rage the delay saving decreases gradually until the V/C ratio sum reaches around 1.0. The range of V/C ratio sum 0.93~1.09 provides average delay saving per vehicle about 3 seconds. In case of V/C ratio sum is grater than 1.0 and the flows of Metered Approach is grater than Controlling Approach, the average delay per vehicle increases 3~11 times respectively. CONCLUSIONS : As expected, the Signal Metering provides substantial improvements in delay saving for the case of V/C ratio sum is 0.3~1.0 under the traffic flow conditions of Metered Approach is less than Controlling Approach.

건조 및 습윤과정에서 보은 화강암 풍화토의 불포화특성곡선 비교 (Comparative Study on Unsaturated Characteristic Curves of Boeun Granite Weathered Soil during Drying and Wetting Paths)

  • 송영석
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제32권7호
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2016
  • 보은 화강암 풍화토에 대한 불포화 특성을 조사하기 위하여 자동 흙-함수특성곡선 시험장치를 이용하여 건조 및 습윤과정에 따른 모관흡수력과 체적함수비를 측정하였다. 이를 토대로 van Genuchten(1980)의 방법을 이용하여 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)을 산정한 결과 유효포화도에 따른 모관흡수력은 S자형의 비선형적인 관계를 나타내며, 건조 및 습윤과정을 거치는 동안 이력현상이 발생되었다. Lu and Likos(2006)의 방법을 이용하여 흡입응력특성곡선(SSCC)을 산정한 결과 유효포화도가 낮은 경우 건조과정의 흡입응력은 일정하게 유지되나 습윤과정의 흡입응력은 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 그러나 유효포화도가 큰 경우에는 동일한 유효포화도에서 건조과정의 흡입응력이 습윤과정의 흡입응력보다 크게 발생되었다. 한편 계수추정방법의 하나인 van Genuchten(1980)의 방법을 이용하여 투수계수함수(HCF)를 산정한 결과 모관흡수력이 증가함에 따라 불포화 투수계수는 감소하며, 모관흡수력에 따른 불포화 투수계수의 감소 속도는 건조과정이 습윤과정보다 더 크게 발생됨을 알 수 있다.

Effect of Tillage on Nonpoint Source Pollution of Surface and Ground Water System (I); Effect of Tillage Practices on Density and Saturation of Soil

  • 최정대;;류영환;최예환
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제34권E호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1992
  • Increasing national concern on nonpoint source pollution of surface and ground water Systems has led researchers and policy makers to develop certain agricultural Best Management Practices. As an initial step of broad study program above mentioned, this study reflected the effects of different tillage practice on bulk density and degree of saturation on two regional soils, namely Tama silt loam and Catlin silt loam. Results may help to clarify some of the conflicting findings on the impact of tillage systems on these parameters and it may also explain some of the reasons for specific role that different tillage systems play regarding nonpoint source pollution from agricultural fields.

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On a Reading Aloud to Relieve the Decrease in Blood Oxygen Saturation when Jogging

  • Tian, Zhixing;Bae, MyungJin
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2020
  • Recently, the problem of hypoxia caused by jogging is attracting attention. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a new solution. This paper proved that as a vocalization method of reading aloud, it is possible to increase air intake and activate lung function to exchange more air and obtain more oxygen. Then, blood oxygen saturation was used as an evaluation index for the body's oxygen content level to prove its effectiveness. A photoelectric pulse oximeter developed on the basis of different light absorption principles in blood was used to test blood oxygen saturation. Experimental results show that a certain degree of hypoxia is induced when a lot of oxygen is required due to jogging. Therefore, it was proved that the new vocal breathing method by reading books can increase the blood oxygen saturation of the body and improve the hypoxia of the body. Reading vocal breathing is a simple and efficient oxygen saturation recovery breathing method.

온도와 포화도의 변화에 의한 표면장력이 전단파 속도에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Surface Tension on Shear Wave Velocities according to Changes of Temperature and Degree of Saturation)

  • 박정희;강민구;서선영;이종섭
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제32권6C호
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2012
  • 표면장력에 의한 겉보기 점착력은 적절한 함수비를 가지고 있는 흙의 경우 생성되며 지반의 강도를 증가시킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 온도에 따라 변화하는 표면장력이 전단파 속도에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 표면장력의 발생 유무를 조절하기 위하여 모래-실트 혼합토를 이용하여 포화도가 다른 아홉 가지의 시료 (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%)를 조성하였다. 전단파 속도를 측정하기 위해 나일론 재질의 셀을 제작하였으며 전단파 트랜스듀서인 벤더 엘리먼트를 크로스 홀 형상으로 부착하였다. 시료의 온도가 $15^{\circ}C$에서 $1^{\circ}C$까지 변화하는 동안 포화도가 다른 각 시료의 전단파 신호를 연속적으로 측정하였다. 실험결과, 포화도 0%인 시료와 포화도 100%인 시료는 온도변화에 의한 전단파 속도 변화가 미비하였으나, 표면장력이 발생하기에 적절한 포화도를 가진 시료는 온도가 감소함에 따라 전단파 속도는 증가하였다. 또한 완전 포화된 시료를 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조시키면서 포화도에 따른 전단파 속도를 측정한 시료의 경우, $15^{\circ}C$에서 측정된 시료의 전단파 속도보다 더 낮은 전단파 속도가 측정되었다. 본 연구는 특정한 포화도에서 온도변화에 따라 전단파 속도가 변화하는 원인을 실험을 통해 분석하였으며, 미소변형구간에서의 전단탄성계수 측정과 같은 실내 및 현장실험 시, 온도를 동시에 평가해야 함을 보여준다.

로봇 매니퓰레이터의 포화요소를 갖는 퍼지견실 제어 (A Fuzzy Robust Controller with Saturation for Robot Manipulators)

  • Park, H.S.
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 1997
  • A robust controller design to corrdinate a robot manipulator under unknown system parameters and bounded disturbance inputs is presented in this paper. Generally, robust controllers require high input torque so that they may face input saturation in actual application due to the power limitation of the actuator. To solve this problem, an improved robust controller with saturated input torque using a fuzzy logic control is proposed. Numerical examples are shown to validate the proposed controller using two degree-of-freedom planar arm.

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의사결정나무모형을 이용한 급경사지재해 예측기법 (Prediction method of slope hazards using a decision tree model)

  • 송영석;채병곤;조용찬
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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    • pp.1365-1371
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    • 2008
  • Based on the data obtained from field investigation and soil testing to slope hazards occurrence section and non-occurrence section in gneiss area, a prediction technique was developed by the use of a decision tree model. The slope hazards data of Seoul and Kyonggi Province were 104 sections in gneiss area. The number of data applied in developing prediction model was 61 sections except a vacant value. The statistical analyses using the decision tree model were applied to the entrophy index. As the results of analyses, a slope angle, a degree of saturation and an elevation were selected as the classification standard. The prediction model of decision tree using entrophy index is most likely accurate. The classification standard of the selected prediction model is composed of the slope angle, the degree of saturation and the elevation from the first choice stage. The classification standard values of the slope angle, the degree of saturation and elevation are $17.9^{\circ}$, 52.1% and 320m, respectively.

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Assessment and Correlation of Saline Soil Characteristics using Electrical Resistivity

  • Mustapha Maliki;Fatima Zohra Hadjadj;Nadia Laredj;Hanifi Missoum
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.205-214
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    • 2023
  • Soil salinity is becoming one of the most devastating environmental hazards over the years. Soil investigation involves fast, low cost and non disturbing methods to measure soil characteristics for both construction projects as well as for agricultural use. The electrical resistivity of saline soils is greatly governed by salt concentration and the presence of moisture in soil matrix. Experimental results of this investigation highlight that there is a significant relationship between the electrical resistivity of soil samples mixed with chloride solutions (NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2) at various concentrations, and soil physical properties. Correlations represented by quadratic functions were obtained between electrical resistivity and soil characteristics, namely, water content, degree of saturation and salt concentration. This research reveals that the obtained correlations between electrical resistivity, salt concentration, water content and degree of saturation are effective for predicting the characteristics of salt affected soils in practice, which constitute a governing element in the assessment of saline lands sustaining infrastructure.