• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2009

Objective : This study was designed to investigate automated pressure-controlled discography (APCD) findings, to calculate the elastance of intervertebral discs, and to assess the relationship between the calculated elastance and disc degeneration. Methods : APCD was performed in 19 patients. There were a total of 49 intervertebral discs treated. Following intradiscal puncture, a dye was constantly injected and the intradiscal pressure was continuously measured. The elastance of the intervertebral disc was defined as unit change in intradiscal pressure per fractional change in injected dye volume. Disc degeneration was graded using a modified Dallas discogram scale. Results : The mean elastance was 43.0${\pm}$9.6 psi/mL in Grade 0, 39.5${\pm}$8.3 psi/mL in Grade 1, 30.5${\pm}$22.3 psi/mL in Grade 2, 30.5${\pm}$22.3 psi/mL in Grade 3, 13.2${\pm}$8.3 psi/mL in Grade 4 and 6.9${\pm}$3.8 psi/mL in Grade 5. The elastance showed significant negative correlation with the degree of degeneration ($R^2$=0.529, P=0.000). Conclusion: APCD liberates the examiner from the data acquisition process during discography. This will likely improve the quality of data and the reliability of discography. Elastance could be used as an indicator of disc degeneration.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1519-1533
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• 2004

웹 기반의 학술분야 전문 검색 시스템은 사용자의 정보 요구 표현을 극히 제한적으로 허용함으로써 검색된 정보의 내용 분석과 정보 습득의 과정이 일관되지 못해 무분별한 정보 제공이 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 용어의 상대적인 중요 정도를 축소용어 집합으로 구성하여 검색 시스템의 높은 시간 복잡도를 해결할 수 있도록 퍼지 검색 모델을 적용하였다. 또한 퍼지 호환관계의 특성을 만족하는 유사관계 행렬을 통해 사용자 질의를 정확하게 반영할 수 있도록 클러스터 검색을 수행하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 퍼지 검색과 문서 클러스터 검색의 유사도 결합을 통한 순위 재조정 검색 모델은 검색 성능을 표현하는 정확률과 재현율 척도에서 향상됨을 입증하였다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

In this paper, a method for estimation of external force on an end-effector using joint torque sensor is proposed. The method is based on portion of measure torque caused by external force. Due to noise in the torque measurement data from the torque sensor, a recursive least-square estimation algorithm is used to ensure a smoother estimation of the external force data. However it is inevitable to create a delay for the sensor to detect the external force. In order to reduce the delay, modified recursive least-square is proposed. The performance of the proposed estimation method is evaluated in an experiment on a developed six-degree-of-freedom robot. By using NI DAQ device and Labview, the robot control, data acquisition and The experimental results output are processed in real time. By using proposed modified RLS, the delay to estimate the external force with the RLS is reduced by 54.9%. As an experimental result, the difference of the actual external force and the estimated external force is 4.11% with an included angle of $5.04^{\circ}$ while in dynamic state. This result shows that this method allows joint torque sensors to be used instead of commonly used external sensory system such as F/T sensors.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.93.2-93.2
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• 2011

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has measured space environment and its effects on spacecraft and astronaut since 1987. At present, we have operated space environment monitors onboard one GEO spacecraft, one QZO spacecraft, and two LEO spacecrafts. The obtained space environment data has been gathered into the Space Environment and Effects System database (SEES, http://sees.tksc.jaxa.jp/). In this presentation, measurement result of space environment in low earth orbit obtained by the Daichi satellite from 2006 through 2011 is reported as well as recent activities in space environment engineerings in JAXA. The Technical Data Acquisition Equipment (TEDA) on board the Daichi satellite (Advanced Land Observing Satellite: ALOS) had been operated in low earth orbit at 700 km altitude with 98 degree inclination from February 2006 until April 2011. The TEDA consists of the Light Particle Telescope and the Heavy Ion Telescope. The operation period of the Daichi satellite was through the solar-activity minimum period. The space radiation environment around the Daichi satellite had been almost stable. However, large solar flares followed by CMEs sometimes disturbed the space radiation environment in the orbit of the Daichi satellite. In addition, high speed solar wind often flowed and modulated the electron flux in the horn region. On the other hand, a little variation was seen in the SAA region.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.963-976
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to investigate the general characteristics of students, which include the degree of satisfaction, motives of admission, the recognition of advantages and disadvantages, opinion of students on self-directed learning, and planning and anticipatory effects after graduation. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey over a period of four months, from May 1997 to August 1997. The subjects used for this study consisted of 322 RN students sampled from six RN-to-BSN programs in Korea using the census sampling method. Statistical methods employed for this study included discriptive statistics, M ANOVA, and F-test. The results of the study are as follows 1. The RN students' motives of admission to RN-to-BSN programs were ‘for personal advancement’, ‘to earn a BSN degree’, and ‘for professional development’ in this order. 2. The RN students' responses to the advantages of RN-to-BSN programs were ‘acquisition of new knowledge and a BSN degree’ and ‘to gain professional thinking and a broader view’, while as the disadvantages of RN-to-BSN programs were ‘geographical isolation of institutions’, ‘limitation of information’, and ‘underdeveloped school environments’ in this order. 3. The survey based on opinions toward self-directed learning showed that there was a need of detailed guidelines for self-directed learning. Most agreed that it was a very effective learning method for a RN student, and the self-directed learning method Increases motives for learning. 4. The students' anticipatory effect after graduation were ‘self-achievement’, ‘development of professional skills’, and ‘admission to post-graduate school or programs to study abroad’. 5. The students were very satisfied with the quality of faculty members, and satisfied with the quality of lectures and teaching. However, students were unsatisfied with rented lecture rooms, and very unsatisfied with self-directed learning methods. 6. School nurses showed higher statistical significances in the need for teaching material and anticipatory effect after graduation than other RN students working in hospitals and public health agencies. Also, school nurses, public health nurses, and industry nurses showed higher statistical significances in motives of admission than RN students working in hospitals. Further more, staff nurses, school nurses, and industry nurses showed higher levels of satisfaction toward a RN-to-BSN programs than nurses in higher positions, such as administrators or directors of nursing. 7 City residents were more satisfied with RN-to-BSN programs than rural residents. Otherwise, the rural residents had higher motives for admission, a bigger need for teaching materials, and recognition of the disadvantages of RN-to-BSN programs than city residents. Finally, RN students who earned below a monthly income of ￦1,000,000 showed higher motivation for admission than those who earned more than ￦1,000,000.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.241-241
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• 2012

Semiconductor industry has been taking the advantage of improvements in process technology in order to maintain reduced device geometries and stringent performance specifications. This results in semiconductor manufacturing processes became hundreds in sequence, it is continuously expected to be increased. This may in turn reduce the yield. With a large amount of investment at stake, this motivates tighter process control and fault diagnosis. The continuous improvement in semiconductor industry demands advancements in process control and monitoring to the same degree. Any fault in the process must be detected and classified with a high degree of precision, and it is desired to be diagnosed if possible. The detected abnormality in the system is then classified to locate the source of the variation. The performance of a fault detection system is directly reflected in the yield. Therefore a highly capable fault detection system is always desirable. In this research, time series modeling of the data from an etch equipment has been investigated for the ultimate purpose of fault diagnosis. The tool data consisted of number of different parameters each being recorded at fixed time points. As the data had been collected for a number of runs, it was not synchronized due to variable delays and offsets in data acquisition system and networks. The data was then synchronized using a variant of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was then applied on the synchronized data. The ARIMA model combines both the Autoregressive model and the Moving Average model to relate the present value of the time series to its past values. As the new values of parameters are received from the equipment, the model uses them and the previous ones to provide predictions of one step ahead for each parameter. The statistical comparison of these predictions with the actual values, gives us the each parameter's probability of fault, at each time point and (once a run gets finished) for each run. This work will be extended by applying a suitable probability generating function and combining the probabilities of different parameters using Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST). DST provides a way to combine evidence that is available from different sources and gives a joint degree of belief in a hypothesis. This will give us a combined belief of fault in the process with a high precision.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

본 연구는 공업계열 직업계고 교원의 인식을 기반으로 과정평가형 자격 도입 가능성 및 운영 방안 마련을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 이 연구에서는 공업계열 직업계고 교원의 과정평가형 자격에 대한 인식을 분석하고, 과정평가형 자격의 도입 가능성과 기대 효과에 대한 동의 정도, 그리고 과정평가형 자격 도입 시 고려해야 할 사항에 대한 중요도와 필요 정도를 분석하였다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공업계열 직업계고 교원의 과정평가형 자격 제도에 대한 이해 정도는 보통 수준이나, 도입 취지와 목적, 그리고 필요 정도에 대한 동의 정도는 낮았다. 둘째, 과정평가형 자격을 취득하였을 때 얻을 수 있는 기대효과로는 교육을 받는 동시에 자격 취득, 구체적이고 유의미한 수행의 관점에서 학습목표 제시, NCS 기반의 체계적 교육·훈련 경력 개발 및 형성 가능, 산업 현장 중심의 지식과 기술 습득 가능 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공업계열 직업계고에 과정평가형 자격을 도입할 때 고려해야 할 항목별 우선 순위를 도출하기 위하여 중요도와 필요 정도를 분석한 결과, 평균값보다 모두 높은 요구 영역으로는 과정평가형 자격 편성 시수 유연화, NCS 개정에 따른 적절한 경과 조치 마련, 필수능력단위 편성 시수 완화 등 인 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2003

연구배경 : 국내에서는 2003년의 사스 유행기에 사스 방역에서 만족할 만한 성과를 거두었으나, 유행이 다시 시작되거나, 다른 새로운 점염병의 가능성이 있다. 사스 전담 병원 중의 한 병원에서 직원들을 대상으로 시행한 사스에 대한 설문조사를 통해 병원 직원들의 사스에 대한 이해정도와 태도에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 향후의 유사한 상황에 대비한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방 법 : 강원대학교병원의 전 직원을 대상으로 인구 사회학적 사항, 사스에 대한 지식 측정, 진료 참여 의향, 사스의 사회적 파장에 대한 의견, 정보 취득에 대한 내용으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 사스에 대한 지식 정도와 사스에 대한 태도와의 관련성, 인구 사회학적 특성과 사스에 대한 태도와의 관련성에 대해 분석하였다. 결 과 : 280명 중 251명의 직원이 응답하였고, 사스지식에 대한 평균점수는 $72.0{\pm}13.7$이었다. 사스전담 팀참여에 대해 50.6%에서 참여하겠다고 응답하였다. 본원이 격리전담을 담당하는데 반대하는 의견은 23.1%였다. 사스 지식에 대한 점수와 사스 관리에 대한 태도사이에는 관련성이 없었다. 교육에 참여한 사람과 참여하지 않은 사람들 사이에 지식 점수의 차이는 없었다. 교육 시 알고싶은 내용으로 사스환자 관리요령과 개인별 예방법에 대한 것이 가장 많았다. 결 론 : 대중 매체를 통한 사스환자 관리요령과 개인별 예방법에 대한 정확한 국가적 정보제공이 중요할 것으로 사료되며, 사스에 대한 지식수준과 태도와의 관련성이 없었다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.5-33
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 사서자격 발급현황이나 국내외 주제전문사서 운영현황, 그리고 유사 문화시설의 전문인력 현황 및 채용방식 등에 대해서 조사하였으며, 이를 기반으로 주제전문사서 양성방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 첫째, 주제전문사서 양성 방안으로는 정규교육과정과 재교육과정을 통한 방법을 제안하고 있으며, 학부부터 주제전문사서로 양성하는 방안과 기존사서를 주제전문사서로 양성하는 방안을 제안하였다. 둘째, 주제전문사서의 기본적인 자격은 석사이상의 학력으로 3년 이상의 주제분야서비스 경력을 갖추어야 하며, 주제분야 배경을 갖기 위해서는 반드시 해당 주제분야에서 학사학위나 석사학위를 갖추어야 한다고 제안하고 있다. 셋째, 이러한 주제전문사서의 처우 개선을 위해 행정직군 내의 주제사서직렬을 연구직 아래의 학예직군으로 하위 직렬에 연구사서(또는 문헌정보) 직렬 및 직류를 편성하는 것이다. 즉 현재의 사서직렬은 그대로 두고 주제전문사서의 직렬 및 직류를 편성함으로써 사서와 주제전문사서의 차별화를 도모하는 것을 제안하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1199-1210
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between patterns determined by pattern identification of functional dyspepsia (FD) and tongue features, including tongue coating and tooth marks, in FD patients. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 68 FD patients who visited the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021. The subjects were evaluated with a computerized tongue image acquisition system (CTIS) and by pattern identification of FD. Measurement included the percentage of tongue coating, tooth mark levels, and pattern scores. Results: Statistically significant negative correlations were noted between the scores of the pattern of 'spleen and stomach deficiency and cold' (SSDC) and the percentage of tongue coating in whole, center, and root of the tongue body. However, no other patterns were correlated with any parameter measured by CTIS. No significant difference was noted in the percentage of tongue coating and the tooth mark level between the patterns. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the pattern of SSDC was significantly associated with the percentage of tongue coating. We suggest that the percentage of tongue coating could be a useful indicator for identifying the degree of patterning of SSDC in patients with FD.