• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.297-302
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the kinematic gait parameter of lower extremities with different gait conditions (level walking, stair, ramp) in hemiplegic patients. Methods: Ten hemiplegic patients participated in this study and kinematic data were measured using a 3D motion analysis system (LUKOtronic AS202, Lutz-kovacs-Electronics, Innsbruk, Austria). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way repeated measure of ANOVA in order to determine the difference of lower extremity angle at each gait phase with different gait conditions. Results: Affected degree of ankle joint in the heel strike phase showed significant difference between level walking and climbing stairs, and toe off phase showed significant difference between level walking and climbing stairs, ramps, and climbing stairs. Affected degree of knee joint showed no significant difference in all attempts. Affected degree of hip joint in the toe off phase showed significant difference between level walking, ramps and stairs, and climbing ramps. Swing phase showed significant difference between sides for level walking and stairs, climbing ramps. Affected ankle joint of heel strike and toe off, and affected hip joint of toe off and the maximum angle of swing phase in the angle was increased. Unaffected side of the ankle joint, knee joint, and hip joint showed a significant increase in walking phase. Conclusion: These findings indicate that compared with level walking, different results were obtained for joint angle of lower extremity when climbing stairs and ramps. In hemiplegia patient's climbing ramps, stairs, more movement was observed not only for the non-affected side but also the ankle joint of the affected side and hip joint. According to these findings of hemiplegic patients when climbing stairs or ramps, more joint motion was observed not only on the unaffected side but also on the affected side compared with flat walking.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.148.5-148
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• 2001

In this report, an adaptive flight control law based on a linear-parameter-varying (LPV) model is presented for a flight control system. The control system is designed to track an output of a vehicle to a reference signal from the guidance system, which generates a reference flight path. The proposed adaptive control law adjusts the controller gains continuously on line as flight conditions change. The obtained adaptive controller guarantees global stability over a wide flight envelope. Computer simulation involving six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear flight dynamics is applied to Japan´s automatic landing flight experimental vehicle (ALFLEX) to examine the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive flight control law.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.241-241
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• 2012

Semiconductor industry has been taking the advantage of improvements in process technology in order to maintain reduced device geometries and stringent performance specifications. This results in semiconductor manufacturing processes became hundreds in sequence, it is continuously expected to be increased. This may in turn reduce the yield. With a large amount of investment at stake, this motivates tighter process control and fault diagnosis. The continuous improvement in semiconductor industry demands advancements in process control and monitoring to the same degree. Any fault in the process must be detected and classified with a high degree of precision, and it is desired to be diagnosed if possible. The detected abnormality in the system is then classified to locate the source of the variation. The performance of a fault detection system is directly reflected in the yield. Therefore a highly capable fault detection system is always desirable. In this research, time series modeling of the data from an etch equipment has been investigated for the ultimate purpose of fault diagnosis. The tool data consisted of number of different parameters each being recorded at fixed time points. As the data had been collected for a number of runs, it was not synchronized due to variable delays and offsets in data acquisition system and networks. The data was then synchronized using a variant of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was then applied on the synchronized data. The ARIMA model combines both the Autoregressive model and the Moving Average model to relate the present value of the time series to its past values. As the new values of parameters are received from the equipment, the model uses them and the previous ones to provide predictions of one step ahead for each parameter. The statistical comparison of these predictions with the actual values, gives us the each parameter's probability of fault, at each time point and (once a run gets finished) for each run. This work will be extended by applying a suitable probability generating function and combining the probabilities of different parameters using Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST). DST provides a way to combine evidence that is available from different sources and gives a joint degree of belief in a hypothesis. This will give us a combined belief of fault in the process with a high precision.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the degree of the pulse wave parameter of post-mastectomy women and to identify the relationships between each of them. Methods : Data were obtained from public health center in Busan Metropolitan city. Participants were 82 post-mastectomy women aged 31-82. the data collection was from Oct, 1, 2010 to Oct, 31, 2010. the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test. A p-value less than .05 was considered significant by 2-tailed test. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS/Win(ver 12.0). Results : As for the difference in the pulse wave by the general characteristics. The pulse energy was showed highly in the order of Chon, Quan and Chuk of left and right pulse respectively. In the pulse energy of left Quan and right Chon, the case of both mastectomy was showed highly and in the pulse energy of left Chuk, the case of right mastectomy was showed highly. Left and right pulse energy of menopause female were significantly higher than normal range except left Chon and Chuk. In h1, h2, h4, h5, t1, t2, AP and Aw, the pulse energy of left Chon was showed the largest significantly. In As, the pulse energy of right Chon was showed the smallest and in Ad, right Chuk was showed the largest. In RAI, right and left Chuk was showed the highest respectively. Conclusions : From these result, we can see that there are relation between women's age, area of operation breast and menopause after mastectomy in pulse wave. The result of this study will become basic data necessary for the Oriental Medicine treatment to reduce or prevent women's functional difficulties, symptomatology after mastectomy.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 1995

Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-co-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(PHEMA) was prepared and the degree of swelling of solvents into the polymers was examined. It was confirmed that the solubility parameter of PHEMA homopolymer is 26 (J/cm3)1/2. Ethanol was significantly absorbed into copolymers containing large amount of PHEMA, while tetrahydrofuran was effectively absorbed into copolymers containing large amount of PDMS. Absorption of polar solvents into the copolymers were increased with the increase of PDMS content. The model drug, crystal violet (CV), was more absorbable into PDMS-HPEMA copolymers than PHEMA homopolymer. Absorption of CV was decreased with the increase of PDMS content of the copolymers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 1991

To analyze the effects of the system parameters on the target parameters, which include the amount of water evaporation, water solubility index(WSI) and water absorption index(WAI), test trials of fractional factorial design of the three process variables at three levels were carried out for corn grit with a laboratory twin-screw extruder with three different screw configurations. The system parameters collected from the trials, such as extrusion temperature, specific mechanical energy input(SME) and mean residence time(RT), were showed the ranges of $129{\sim}182^{\circ}C$, $67{\sim}163\;kwh/ton$ and $12{\sim}34\;sec$, respectively. Within these ranges of the system parameters, the target parameters were able to be quantified by using multiple regression equations. The correlation of results with the system parameters blocked by the screw configuration as dependent variables, yield correlation coefficients above 0.90, and the correlation using the system parameters obtained from whole experiment system as the dependent variables yield correlation coefficients around 0.80. The functional relationship, which can be quantified by second order polynomial regression equation with only two system parameters within necessary degree of accuracy, can he graped in three dimensional surface response and contour diagrams.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.385-407
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• 2012

Bridge hanger vibrations have been reported under icy conditions. In this paper, the results from a series of static and dynamic wind tunnel tests on a circular cylinder representing a bridge hanger with simulated thin ice accretions are presented. The experiments focus on ice accretions produced for wind perpendicular to the cylinder at velocities below 30 m/s and for temperatures between $-5^{\circ}C$ and $-1^{\circ}C$. Aerodynamic drag, lift and moment coefficients are obtained from the static tests, whilst mean and fluctuating responses are obtained from the dynamic tests. The influence of varying surface roughness is also examined. The static force coefficients are used to predict parameter regions where aerodynamic instability of the iced bridge hanger might be expected to occur, through use of an adapted theoretical 3-DOF quasi-steady galloping instability model, which accounts for sectional axial rotation. A comparison between the 3-DOF model and the instabilities found through two degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) dynamic tests is presented. It is shown that, although there is good agreement between the instabilities found through use of the quasi-steady theory and the dynamic tests, discrepancies exist-indicating the possible inability of quasi-steady theory to fully predict these vibrational instabilities.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.487-499
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• 2019

Energy-based seismic design of structures has gradually become prominent in today's structural engineering investigations because of being more rational and reliable when it is compared to traditional force-based and displacement-based methods. Energy-based approaches have widely taken place in many previous studies and investigations and undoubtedly, they are going to play more important role in future seismic design codes, too. This paper aims to compute the maximum earthquake energy input to elastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems for selected real ground motion records. A data set containing 100 real ground motion records which have the same site soil profiles has been selected from Pacific Earthquake Research (PEER) database. Response time history (RTH) analyses have been conducted for elastic SDOF systems having a constant damping ratio and natural periods of 0.1 s to 3.0 s. Totally 3000 RTH analyses have been performed and the maximum mass normalized earthquake input energy values for all records have been computed. Previous researchers' approaches have been compared to the results of RTH analyses and an approach which considers the pseudo-spectral velocity with Arias Intensity has been proposed. Graphs of the maximum earthquake input energy versus the maximum pseudo-spectral velocity have been obtained. The results show that there is a good agreement between the maximum input energy demands of RTH analysis and the other approaches and the maximum earthquake input energy is a relatively stable response parameter to be used for further seismic design and evaluations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2012

This paper propose the implementation of robust fuzzy controller for controlling an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system with 6 degree of freedom (DOF). A basic model with 6 DOF rotor dynamics and electromagnetic force equations for conical magnetic bearings is proposed. The developed model has severe nonlinearity and uncertainty so that it is not easy to obtain the control objective. For solving this problem, we use the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model which is suitable for designing fuzzy controller. The control object in the AMB system enables the rotor to rotate without any phsical contact by using magnetic force. In this paper, we analyze the nonlinearity of the active magnetic bearing system by using fuzzy control algorithm and desing the robust control algorithm for solving the parameter variation. Simulation results for AMB are demonstrated to visualize the feasibility of the proposed method.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

In this study, Indomethacin, the poorly water soluble drug, was selected and prepared dispersing oral disintegrating films according to the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) which are sort of dispersing agents. Also the molecular weight and content of PEG were evaluated effect on the degree of dispersion, physical property and dissolution when making oral dispersing film containing indomethacin to find appropriate condition and suggested guidelines of making oral dispersing film. The appropriate dispersing ratio of the amount of surfactants and dispersing agent were 1% and 4%, also the stability dropped in the PEG molecular weight of 4000 or more. Drying time of oral dispersing film was $90^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes to 12 minutes that dispersing film's property about flexibility, detachability were very good. The oral dispersion film's content used PEG 400 was $98.6{\pm}0.5%$ and the most uniform. As the molecular weight of PEG increased, dissolution time also increased. On the basis of evaluation parameter, PEG with 400~600 of molecular weight was selected as good dispersing agent in oral dispersing film. Therefore, it can be suggested guideline of preparation application study in oral dispersing film.