• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2004

As the dot-com companies realize the importance of the traditional business operations such as product distribution and sourcing, the task of balancing business strategy and operations between electronic commerce and"bricks St mortar"channels is an ongoing challenge. However, there are no generic recipes for formulating business strategy that optimally bridges the physical and virtual operations. In order to provide some guidelines, this study examines the big 3 retailers in Korea, and their"clicks ＆ mortar"strategy, assessing how the activities of each channel are integrated to achieve the synergy effect. This study analyzes the differences in the pattern of integration among the three retailers and traces the causes of those differences. It also figures out the relationship between the degree of integration and performance variables such as growth and cost. Finally. it defines the essential constraints on the process of integration along with managerial implications.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.237-264
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• 2006

최근 장애 정의에 있어 환경적인 요인이 중요한 비중을 차지하게 됨에 따라 새로운 패러다임에 근거 한 사회통합 논의의 필요성이 대두하게 되었다. 한편 장애문제를 비장애인과 마찬가지로 장애의 경험에 국한되지 않고 총체적인 삶의 경험에 초점을 맞추어야 한다는 생애주기별 접근의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 생애주기별로 자립생활 패러다임에 따른 사회통합 수준을 측정하고 영향요인에 대해 분석함으로써 질적 측면에서 정책적, 실천적 함의를 제공하는 데 있다. 자립생활 패러다임에 따른 사회통합의 하위차원은 일상생활 자율성, 물리적 접근성, 사회적 지지의 적절성, 경제적 안정정도, 선택권, 심리적 임파워먼트의 6개 차원으로 구분하였다. 조사대상자는 서울과 경기지역에 거주하는 지체 및 뇌병변장애인 591명이며, 전화설문조사방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과 생애주기별로 사회통합의 하위차원에 따라 다른 특성을 보였고 사회통합의 각 차원별로 영향을 미치는 요인이 상이하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 얻을 수 있는 중요한 함의는 사회통합의 증진을 위한 장애정책의 방향은 생애주기별로 차별화 되어야 하며 장애인의 일상 활동이나 접근성의 향상뿐만 아니라 선택권이나 심리적 임파워먼트의 증진을 위한 노력이 병행될 필요가 있다는 것이다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-86
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• 2016

This paper deals with the free vibration analysis of a dynamical coupled system: flexible gravity dam- compressible rectangular reservoir. The finite element method is used to compute the natural frequencies and modal shapes of the system. Firstly, the reservoir and subsequently the dam is modeled by classical 8-node elements and the natural frequencies plus modal shapes are calculated. Afterwards, a new 21-node element is introduced and the same procedure is conducted in which an efficient method is employed to carry out the integration operations. Finally, the coupled dam-reservoir system is modeled by solely one 21-node element and the free vibration of dam-reservoir interaction system is investigated. As an important result, it is clearly concluded that the one high-order element treats more precisely than the eight-node elements, since the first one utilizes fifth-degree polynomials to construct the shape functions and the second implements polynomials of degree two.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

The main purpose of this paper is to find the phase-in of BIM adoption by focusing on the level of integration. BlM should be aimed at integration and collaboration of all parties furnishing design and construction services to increase the productivity. Therefore, the degree and depth of integration for project collaboration is very important to BlM design process. One of the key advantages of full integration is that is to facilitates the development of detailed information much earlier in the entire design process to improve collaboration among stakeholders. Such integrated use is the ultimate method, but even so, it's not the precondition of BlM. One of the key advantages of relatively low integration as a transition phase is to adopt the BlM earlier than full integration. Such transitional and non-integrated BIM can also reduce the possibility of trial and error in BlM adoption. Therefore, this paper focused on non-integrated use of BlM as a substitute of full IPD by analyzing obstacles in BIM adoption.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.811-830
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• 2022

Purpose: In this paper, we will discuss 1) prioritizing databases to be integrated; 2) which data elements should be emphasized in federated database integration; and 3) the degree of efficiency in the integration. This paper aims to lay the groundwork for building data governance by presenting guidelines for database integration using metrics to identify and evaluate the capabilities of the UK's air quality databases. Methods: This paper intends to perform relative efficiency analysis using Data Envelope Analysis among the multi-criteria decision-making methods. In federated database integration, it is important to identify databases with high integration efficiency when prioritizing databases to be integrated. Results: The outcome of this paper aims not to present performance indicators for the implementation and evaluation of data governance, but rather to discuss what criteria should be used when performing 'federated integration'. Using Data Envelope Analysis in the process of implementing intelligent data governance, authors will establish and present practical strategies to discover databases with high integration efficiency. Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to establish internal guidelines from an integrated point of view of data governance. The flexiblity of the federated database integration under the practice of the data governance, makes it possible to integrate databases quickly, easily, and effectively. By utilizing the guidelines presented in this study, authors anticipate that the process of integrating multiple databases, including the air quality databases, will evolve into the intelligent data governance based on the federated database integration when establishing the data governance practice in the railway industry.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2020

Non-stationary random seismic response and reliability of multi-degree of freedom hysteretic structure system are studied based on the cumulative damage failure mechanism. First, dynamic Eqs. of multi-degree of freedom hysteretic structure system under earthquake action are established. Secondly, the random seismic response of a multi-degree freedom hysteretic structure system is investigated by the combination of virtual excitation and precise integration. Finally, according to the damage state level of structural, the different damage state probability of high-rise frame structure is calculated based on the boundary value of the cumulative damage index in the seismic intensity earthquake area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity and the same floor quality and stiffness, the lower the floor is, the greater the damage probability of the building structure is; if the structural floor stiffness changes abruptly, the weak layer will be formed, and the cumulative damage probability will be the largest, and the reliability index will be relatively small. Meanwhile, with the increase of fortification intensity, the reliability of three-level structure fortification is also significantly reduced. This method can solve the problem of non-stationary random seismic response and reliability of high-rise buildings, and it has high efficiency and practicability. It is instructive for structural performance design and estimating the age of the structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권5호
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• pp.541-557
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• 2020

A novel family of controllable, dissipative structure-dependent integration methods is derived from an eigen-based theory, where the concept of the eigenmode can give a solid theoretical basis for the feasibility of this type of integration methods. In fact, the concepts of eigen-decomposition and modal superposition are involved in solving a multiple degree of freedom system. The total solution of a coupled equation of motion consists of each modal solution of the uncoupled equation of motion. Hence, an eigen-dependent integration method is proposed to solve each modal equation of motion and an approximate solution can be yielded via modal superposition with only the first few modes of interest for inertial problems. All the eigen-dependent integration methods combine to form a structure-dependent integration method. Some key assumptions and new techniques are combined to successfully develop this family of integration methods. In addition, this family of integration methods can be either explicitly or implicitly implemented. Except for stability property, both explicit and implicit implementations have almost the same numerical properties. An explicit implementation is more computationally efficient than for an implicit implementation since it can combine unconditional stability and explicit formulation simultaneously. As a result, an explicit implementation is preferred over an implicit implementation. This family of integration methods can have the same numerical properties as those of the WBZ-α method for linear elastic systems. Besides, its stability and accuracy performance for solving nonlinear systems is also almost the same as those of the WBZ-α method. It is evident from numerical experiments that an explicit implementation of this family of integration methods can save many computational efforts when compared to conventional implicit methods, such as the WBZ-α method.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the additional construction of urban railroads. To this end, 1) establish accessibility as a measure of quantitative evaluation of construction effects; 2) select the 'Integration' of Space Syntax as a quantifiable indicator of accessibility; 3) represent the Seoul railroads as a network; 4) calculate the 'Integration' form the network before and after the additional construction of the urban railroads. By calculating the change of the 'Integration' of the individual nodes and the change of the sum of the 'Integration' of given zones, the change in accessibility of a particular node and the change in accessibility of a particular region were calculated. After analyzing the change in accessibility in nodes and areas as well, it was confirmed that the additional construction of urban railroads was improving accessibility as a whole of Seoul. It was also identified that there was a degree of difference in the extent of the accessibility change for the different areas. It is particularly noteworthy that changes occur in the accessibility ranking. While certain regions were improving relative rankings, others fell in rank. With this finding, it could be argued that active consideration of the areas in which the relative decline occurs is needed when the planned urban railroad is being built.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.199-215
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• 2015

기업은 공급사슬을 활용하여 기업의 성과를 향상시키려고 한다. 하지만 공급사슬관리를 도입하는 것만으로는 기업의 성과를 향상시키는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 파트너 기업과의 통합을 통해서 성과를 향상시키려고 노력해야 한다. 공급사슬통합은 기업의 전략적 협업으로 정보공유는 공급사슬통합을 도입하고 운영하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 공급사슬통합과 기업성과 사이에서의 정보공유의 역할을 확인하려고 한다. 본 연구는 국내 제조업 관련 기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 총 199부의 설문지를 분석에 활용하였으며, Amos 21을 활용하여 구조방정식 모형으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 공급사슬통합이 기업의 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 공급사슬통합과 기업성과 사이에서 정보공유가 매개변수 역할을 하는 것을 검증하였다. 따라서 기업은 성과를 향상시키기 위해서 공급사슬 파트너 기업과의 협업을 위한 통합을 지원하여 기업 간의 정보공유가 원활히 이루어지도록 노력해야 한다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.179-192
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• 1997

An algorithm to get an optimal choice for the number of symmetric quadrature points is given to find symmetric quadrature points is given to find symmetric quadrature for-mulas over a unit disk with a minimal number of points even when a high degree of polynomial precision is required. The symmetric quad-rature formulas for numerical integration over a unit disk of complete polynomial functions up to degree 19 are presented.