• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.819-825
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• 2009

An open frame structure is fastened by bolt joints for strength and shock attenuation. Therefore the full finite element model of an open frame structure should be properly modeled including bolt joints for strength analysis of the frames and joint assemblies which are operated under multi-loading conditions such as driving, drop, inertia and torsional loads. Then the joints and frames must satisfy the specified allowable strength constraints. Because the full finite element model has a large number of elements to perform strength analysis, a detailed fine bolt analysis seems to be very expensive. Therefore bolts of the full finite element model are approximately modeled by coupling method to constrain degree of freedoms between adjacent nodes. However, the coupling method can exaggerate stress results at the constrained nodes. Thus a detailed bolt analysis and a theoretical/experiential formula of bolts for a worst bolt joint are performed using reaction force applied both bolt and bolt joint. Finally, the results from the two methods are compared and discussed to verify the safety of the open frame structure.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.523-528
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• 2008

An open frame structure is fastened by bolt joints for strength and shock attenuation. Therefore the full finite element model of an open frame structure should be properly modeled including bolt joints for strength analysis of the frames and joint assemblies which are operated under multi-loading conditions such as driving, drop, inertia and torsional loads. Then the joints and frames must satisfy the specified allowable strength constraints. Because the full finite element model has a large number of elements to perform strength analysis, a detailed fine bolt analysis seems to be very expensive. Therefore bolts of the full finite element model are approximately modeled by constraints equations to constrain degree of freedoms between adjacent nodes. However, the constraints equation method can exaggerate stress results at the constrained nodes. Thus a detailed bolt analysis and a theoretical/experiential formula of bolts for a worst bolt joint are performed using reaction force applied both bolt and bolt joint. Finally, the results from the two methods are compared and discussed to verify the safety of the open frame structure.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2006

The optimum grillage design belongs to nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The determination of beam scantlings for the grillage structure is a very crucial matter out of whole structural design process. The performance of optimization methods, based on penalty functions, is highly problem-dependent and many methods require additional tuning of some variables. This additional tuning is the influences of penalty coefficient, which depend strongly on the degree of constraint violation. Moreover, Binary-coded Genetic Algorithm (BGA) meets certain difficulties when dealing with continuous and/or discrete search spaces with large dimensions. With the above reasons, Real-coded Micro-Genetic Algorithm ($R{\mu}GA$) is proposed to find the optimum beam scantlings of the grillage structure without handling any of penalty functions. $R{\mu}GA$ can help in avoiding the premature convergence and search for global solution-spaces, because of its wide spread applicability, global perspective and inherent parallelism. Direct stiffness method is used as a numerical tool for the grillage analysis. In optimization study to find minimum weight, sensitivity study is carried out with varying beam configurations. From the simulation results, it has been concluded that the proposed $R{\mu}GA$ is an effective optimization tool for solving continuous and/or discrete nonlinear real-world optimization problems.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2015

This paper examines the effect of the global financial crisis on corporate investment in Korea. Specifically, the crisis was considered to have possibly constrained firm-level investment as the negative shock to the credit supply dramatically unfolded. As Duchin et al. (2010) demonstrated, if a negative supply-side shock is evident during a crisis period, larger cash holdings before the crisis will lead to fewer constraints to corporate investment, or vice versa. In order to investigate the supply-side effect of the crisis, we use firm-level financial data, including firms listed on the Korean stock market as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. We find that corporate investment declined significantly after the crisis, even if we control for factors associated with the demand side, such as contemporaneous capital productivity and cash flow. More importantly, the decline is positively and significantly related to cash holdings before the crisis, implying the negative effect of a credit supply shock. Small and medium enterprises experienced relatively sharp investment declines compared to those of larger firms, and the relationship between pre-crisis cash amounts and the degree of investment decline is greater than that in large firms. Additionally, we examine whether the negative effect persists up to the present, finding evidence that the cash-investment relationship continues in small and medium-sized enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2021

The national geodetic reference frame of Korea was adopted in 2003, which is referenced to ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame) 2000 at the epoch of January 1, 2002. For precise positioning based on the satellites, it should be thoroughly maintained to the newest global reference frame. Other than plate tectonic motion, there are significant events or changes such as earthquakes, antenna replacement, PSD (Post-Seismic Deformation), seasonal variation etc. We processed three years of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data(60 NGII CORS stations, 51 IGS core stations) to produce daily solutions minimally constrained to ITRF. From the time series of daily solutions, the sites with unexpected discontinuity were identified to set up an event(mostly antenna replacement). The combined solution with minimum constraints was estimated along with the velocity, the offsets, and the periodic signals. The residuals show that the surrounding environment also affects the time series to a certain degree, thus it should be improved eventually. The transformation parameters to ITRF2014 were calculated with stability and consistency, which means the national geodetic reference frame is properly aligned to the global reference frame.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.6986-6992
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• 2014

The generalized Voronoi graph (GVG) is a topological map of a constrained environment. This is defined in terms of workspace distance measurements using only sensor-provided information, with a robot having a maximum distance from obstacles, and is the optimum for exploration and obstacle avoidance. This is the safest path for the robot, and is very significant when studying the GVG edges of highly articulated robots. In previous work, the point-GVG edge and Rod-GVG were built with point robot and rod robot using sensor-based control. An attempt was made to use a higher degree of freedom robot to build GVG edges. This paper presents GVG-based a new local roadmap for the two-link robot in the constrained two-dimensional environment. This new local roadmap is called the two-identical-link generalized Voronoi graph (L2-GVG). This is used to explore an unknown planar workspace and build a local roadmap in an unknown configuration space $R^2{\times}T^2$ for a planar two-identical-link robot. The two-identical-link GVG also can be constructed using only sensor-provided information. These results show the more complex properties of two-link-GVG, which are very different from point-GVG and rod-GVG. Furthermore, this approach draws on the experience of other highly articulated robots.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.664-672
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• 2004

Widespread popularity of wireless data communication devices, coupled with the availability of higher bandwidths, has led to an increased user demand for content-rich media such as images and videos. Since such content often tends to be private, sensitive, or paid for, there exists a requirement for securing such communication. However, solutions that rely only on traditional compute-intensive security mechanisms are unsuitable for resource-constrained wireless and embedded devices. In this paper, we propose a selective partial image encryption scheme for image data hiding , which enables highly efficient secure communication of image data to and from resource constrained wireless devices. The encryption scheme is invoked during the image compression process, with the encryption being performed between the quantizer and the entropy coder stages. Three data selection schemes are proposed： subband selection, data bit selection and random selection. We show that these schemes make secure communication of images feasible for constrained embed-ded devices. In addition we demonstrate how these schemes can be dynamically configured to trade-off the amount of ded devices. In addition we demonstrate how these schemes can be dynamically configured to trade-off the amount of data hiding achieved with the computation requirements imposed on the wireless devices. Experiments conducted on over 500 test images reveal that, by using our techniques, the fraction of data to be encrypted with our scheme varies between 0.0244％ and 0.39％ of the original image size. The peak signal to noise ratios (PSNR) of the encrypted image were observed to vary between about 9.5㏈ to 7.5㏈. In addition, visual test indicate that our schemes are capable of providing a high degree of data hiding with much lower computational costs.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2005

This paper deals with optimum communication spanning tree(OCST) problem. Generally, OCST problem is known as NP-hard problem and recently, it is reveled as MAX SNP hard by Papadimitriou and Yannakakis. Nevertheless, many researchers have used polynomial approximation algorithm for solving this problem. This paper uses evolutionary algorithm. Especially, when an evolutionary algorithm is applied to tree network problem such as the OCST problem, representation and genetic operator should be considered simultaneously because they affect greatly the performance of algorithm. So, we introduce a new representation method to improve the weakness of previous representation which is proposed for solving the degree constrained minimum spanning tree problem. And we also propose a new decoding method to generate a reliable tree using the proposed representation. And then, for finding a suitable genetic operator which works well on the proposed representation, we tested three kinds of genetic operators using the information of network or the genetic information of parents. Consequently, we could confirm that the proposed method gives better results than the previous methods.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.300-311
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• 2014

According to fast change of the environment, the structured study of the ecosystem by analyzing the plant leaves are needed. Expecially, the methodology that searches and classifies the leaves from captured from the smart device have received numerous concerns in the field of computer science and ecology. In this paper, we propose a plant leaf classification technique using shape descriptor by combining Scale Invarinat Feature Transform (SIFT) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) from the image segmented from the background via Graphcut algorithm. The shape descriptor is coded in the field of Locality-constrained Linear Coding to optimize the meaningful features from a high degree of freedom. It is connected to Support Vector Machines (SVM) for efficient classification. The experimental results show that our proposed approach is very efficient to classify the leaves which have similar color, and shape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2003

The fuzzy control and implementation of a new three-dimensional(3-D) inverted pendulum system are addressed. In comparison with conventional 1-D and 2-D systems, the 3-D inverted pendulum system is a proper benchmark system to simulate human's control action which includes the up and down motion to stabilize an inverted pendulum. To investigate the characteristics of the 3-D inverted pendulum system and to design of a fuzzy controller, we derive dynamic equations of the mechanism including a 3-axis cartesian robot and an inverted pendulum. We propose a design method of a fuzzy controller of the yaw and pitch angles of an inverted pendulum. In the design, the redundant degree-of-freedom(DOF) of the robot and the constrained workspace are taken into account. The performance of the proposed system is proved by experimental results using a developed PC-based Multi-Motion Control(MMC) board.