• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.725-733
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• 1990

An analysis of laminar mixed convection flow adjacent to the inclined flat surface which is subjected to a uniform temperature in a uniform free stream is performed. Nonsimilar boundary layed equation are derived by using the mixed convection parameters such that smooth transition from the purely forced convection limit to the purely free convection limit is possible. The governing equations are solved by a finite difference method using the coupled box scheme of sixth order. Numerical results are presented for prandtl numbers of 0.7 and 7 with the angle of inclination ranging from 0 to 90 degree from the vertical. The velocity distributions for the buoyancy assisting flow exhibit a significant overshoot above the free stream value in the region of intense mixed convection and the velocity field is found to be more sensitive to the buoyancy effect than the temperature field. The separation point near the wall was obtained for the buoyancy opposing flow. The local Nusselt number increases for buoyancy assisting flow and decreases for opposing flow with increasing value of the local Grashoff number in the mixed convection parameter. For large Prandtl number, the Nusselt number and the friction factor decrease significantly near the separation point. Present numerical predictions are in good agreement with recent experimental results by Ramachandran.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.698-704
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of diet of Korean safflower(Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed powder on bone tissue during the recovery of rib-fracture in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 10 weeks old, weighing 370$\pm$5g, were divided into two groups including the control group(C group, AIN-76 semipurified diet) and safflower seed group(S group, AIN-76 semipurified diet+10% safflower seed powder) and were fed experimental diets for 12 days after adaptation period. After this period, the 9th right rib was fractured surgically and sham-operation was also performed. Rats were fed with experimental diets for up to 30 more days after rib-fracture. The degree of bone repair was evaluated during the recovery period at the 8th, 11th, 16th, 21st, 30th days after the surgical operation by microscopic observation of the fractured rib tissue. In callus formation, the portion of hyaline cartilage was noticably higher in S group than C group. The intracatilagenous ossification was observed at the 8th day in S group, but at 11th day in C group. The intramembranous ossification in callus was widely found over the 8th day to the 11th day in S group, but it was shown over the 11th day to the 16th day in C group. Bone resorption was also occured more rapidly in S group as indicated by large numbers of osteoclasts observed. At the 30th day, most of trabecular bones were disappeared in S group, whereas still shwon in C group over wide ranges of fractured ribs. These results imply that the supplementation of Korean safflower seed powder influences in the recovery of bone fracture by accelerating the process of bone repair.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1990

This study examined the evaluation of the information effects of the teaching on knowledge and daily activities of open heart surgery patients between 2 and 6 weeks after discharge. The subject was 29 patients being taught with teaching materials at discharge as experimental group, 20 patients who received no education as control group among the patients who had undergone open heart surgery in S.N.U.H. And research method was non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. As the tool of this study, 30 items of knowledge measurement scale which was extracted among the content of teaching materials to evaluate the effect of education and 28 items of which were designed to measure the daily activities of patients with myocardial infarction for the estimation of the degree of observance in daily activities were used. For data analysis, frequency, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Cronbach's $\alpha$ were used. The result were as follows; 1. Informations given through teaching materials were effective for increasing the knowledge of the patient with open heart surgery. The knowledge of patients increased to the top level (p<0.05) in 2 weeks after discharge. In control group, the knowledge level of patients did not increase after discharge. 2. The knowledge level daily activity of the experimental group was somewat higher than that of the control group, but there was no significant difference. The score .of the experimental group was 69.66 in 6 weeks after discharge much less than the top level score 112. 3. The correlation between knowledge and daily activities was not significant, suggesting the fact that the increase of knowledge did not influence the daily activities significantly. Recommendation was suggested that; 1) Further studies might be .needed with the increasing numbers of the subjects. 2) Daily activities of the patients with open heart surgery should be investigated for long term period until they recovered normal activities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.1418-1423
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• 2004

A legged robot is friendly to human because it is resemble to human. And the robot can obtain support points freely because it has high degree of freedom for several joint as compared with a wheeled robot. Also the robot can create the relative position at desired position between support position and robot. The joint of robot cu used as manipulator. On the contrary the mechanism of robot is complicated to have many joint and moving speed is lower than wheeled robot. Also the legged robot is needed a special control not to fall on the ground because the robot is easy to vibrate when it is moving. The 4 leg structure is the minimum leg numbers not to fall and to realize safety gait continuously. A trot gait is investigated through experiments using a quadruped walking robot named TITAN-VIII.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2001

This is a study on the methods of taking prescriptions in SANGHANRON (傷寒論), and after this, numbers of results have been obtained. SANGHANRON was written by Chang-Ki (張機) in the 2nd century, so it reflexes the usage of prescriptions of previous age indirectly. And gave affects on the methods of taking prescriptions to the oriental medicine doctors of next generation. Before Han-Dynasty (漢代), there were not so many publications connected with Oriental Medicine. Besides, some books couldn't hand down to next generation due to the gap of time and space. As time goes by, letters in medical books changed little by little, so contents connected with taking decoctions changed too. The effects of decoction and herb tea can be changed by the flexibility of methods of taking medicines, so we have to decide what kinds of taking methods should be taken and adapted to patients by the most effective way. There are many kind of methods of taking decocted prescriptions in SANGHANRON, so Chang-Ki selected the most appropriate method considering degree and position of disease and condition of patient. But nowadays, due to inconvenient procedure of taking medicines, some methos are not in common in clinical medicin. So this study was started to look back upon the changes of taking prescriptions and gave effort to find out the propriety of variation of taking prescriptions. In SANGHANRON, many kinds of taking prescriptions appeared from once a day to six times a day, except these, some prescriptions have to be taken little by little. These methods of taking prescriptions simplified as time pass by, but this change may give influence to the effect of medicine and finally we can't gain expected therapeutic value. So we have to distinguish the methods -though complicated and troublesome- in clinical medicine to make perfection more perfect in treating patients, and further studies have to be followed to prove the propriety of these methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.892-898
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• 2012

Rough classification methods are used to improving the recognition speed in many character recognition problems. In this case, some irreversible result can occur by an error in rough classification. Methods for duplicating each model in several classes are used in order to reduce this risk. But the errors by rough classfication can not be completely ruled out by these methods. In this paper, an recognition method is proposed to increase speed that matches models selectively without any increase in error. This method constructs a model graph using similarity between models. Then a search process begins from a particular point in the model graph. In this process, matching of unnecessary models are reduced that are not similar to the input pattern. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to the recognition problem of handwriting numbers and upper/lower cases of English alphabets. In the experiments, the proposed method was compared with the basic method that matches all models with input pattern. As a result, the same recognition rate, which has shown as the basic method, was obtained by controlling the out-degree of the model graph and the number of maintaining candidates during the search process thereby being increased the recognition speed to 2.45 times.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

To investigate the availability of hamster test in assaying the fertilizing capacity of dog sperm and the effect of canine sperm motility on sperm binding and penetration, semen were collected from four dogs(three dogs had been proven to be fertile and one dog to be subfertile during the past two years) and then preserved in BWW(Biggers, Whitten, Whittingham) medium for about 20 hours. The semen were given each different treatment according to the experimental design and coincubated with zona-free hamster ova for 5 hours. The ova were stained by lacmoid and examined under phase contrast microscope to investigate the rates of ova bound with sperm(sperm binding) and ova penetrated by sperm(penetration), and also numbers of both bound and penetrated sperm per ovum. In comparison between fertile dogs and a subfertile dog, the rate of sperm binding was higher in fertile dogs than the subfertile dog(p<0.01, p<0.05). The number of bound sperm per ovum was considerably higher in a fertile dog than the subfertile dog((p<0.01), and also difference of number of the bound sperm was obtained among the fertile dogs(p<0.01, p<0.05). The rate of penetration as well as the number of penetrated sperm per ovum was higher in the fertile dogs than the subfertile dog(p<0.01, p<0.05). In fertile dogs. the canine semen preserved at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 18 to 22 hours showed from 30 to 80% motility at Insemination, however, no difference in hamster test was obtained according to different degree of sperm motility. These results indicated that hamster test would be of avail in assaying the fertilizing capacity of dog sperm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.933-936
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• 2001

Selecting B. bifidum K-7 out of the bifidobacteria separated from healthy adults in the age of 20s which shows high degree of acid tolerance and bile tolerance, as the main bacterium, this study of find how the bifido-bacteria cause hypocholesterolemic effect in the high fat diet. In order to do this Sparague-Dawley male rats with the initial weight 200 g in average were assigned to four experimental group: 1) high fat diet & milk, 2) high fat diet & the milk added with bifidobacteria, 3) high fat diet & the milk added with microencapsulated bifidobacteria, 4) high fat diet & the fermented milk by bifidobacteria. The numbers of bifidobacteria ingested daily per rat through each type of the above mentioned milk are 10$^{9}$ CFU, 10$^{9}$ CFU respectively. Hypocholesterolemic effect and high level of serum phospholipid were observed in the group fed with fermented milk being compared with the group fed wih no bacterium but not in the groups fed with the milk with bifidobacteria and microencapsulated bifidobacteria. Thus, it was confirmed that the hypocholesterolemic effect is not due to the bifidobacterium itself but to the fermentation on milk.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to inquire into the knowledge of medical students on the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and evaluate whether infection prevention education impacts students' level of knowledge and individual hygiene practices. This study also investigated the route by which medical students obtain disease-related information. The study involved a survey conducted in August of 2015 at two medical schools in Busan. In the first year to fourth year, a total of 345 students are enrolled (111 students in A school and 234 students in B school). Before the study was carried out, university A performed infection prevention education related to MERS, but B did not. We used self-developed questionnaires to survey the demographic characteristics, routes of acquisition of MERS information, degree of knowledge of MERS, educational satisfaction, and personal hygiene practices before and after education. Knowledge level differences according to gender and year in school were not statistically significant. Students obtained their information about MERS from various news media sources and the Internet, and through social network sites. Students practiced sanitary control behaviors in an average of 2.2 manners (standard deviation=0.95). The level of knowledge of MERS revealed a positive correlation with the frequency and total numbers of personal hygiene practices. This finding suggests that the infection prevention education program played a role in knowledge acquisition and personal hygiene practices for the medical students. In order to provide accurate and reliable knowledge of disease and preventive health behavior to medical students, continuous and well-planned education programs are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2004

We researched fruit wall anatomical characters about the seven taxa of Krigia and the nearest one relative, Nothocalais cuspidata by making use of the fruit wall anatomy, and inferred systematical similarity. Among these characters, all species of the genus Krigia has identical characters in the shape of fruit and the number of rib, but showed specific differences in the shape of costa, the numbers of libriform fiber cell layers and fiber-sclereid cell layers in mesocarp, and development degree in these characters. Krigia biflora, K. cespitosa, K. occidentalis and K. wrightii have well developed libriform fiber cell, but K. dandelion, K. montana and K. virginica have undeveloped libriform fiber cell, and mostly consist of fiber-sclereid cell layers. According to the fruit wall anatomical characters, K. biflora which belonged to sect. Krigia in the previous classification system is more similar to sect. Cymbia than sect. Krigia.